the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india - ccras ( pdfdrive ) (830801), страница 24
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Repeat the process thrice adding freshquantities of hexane; discard hexane. Wash the sediment in hot water thoroughly. Take afew mg of the washed material, stain with iodine solution and mount in 50 per centglycerine. Clarify a few mg with chloral hydrate and mount in 50 per cent glycerine.Observe the following characters in different mounts.Groups of parenchymatous epidermal cells having beaded walls, several showing a thincross wall, crisscross layer of sclerenchymatous fibres (Har¤takī); short, unicellular, thickwalled trichomes with sharp tips and bulbous bases and fragments of polyhedralepidermis showing cicatrices (Bibhītaka); thin walled cells of epidermal tissue withparacytic stomata and containing silica crystals, brachysclereids with pitted wide lumen,parenchymatous tissue with large irregular thick walled cells showing corner thickenings(Āmalakī); groups of parenchymatous cells, densely packed with starch grains, isolatedstarch grains, simple, oval to rod shaped, measuring 15 to 70 μ in length, hilum eccentric,lamellae distinct, yellow coloured oleo-resin cells, non-lignified, septate fibres some ofthem bearing marks of adjacent cells pressing against them, 30 to 50 μ broad (Śu´°hī);fragments of inner epidermis in surface view with group of stone cells, interspersedamidst parenchyma (Marica); spindle shaped or elongated stone cells showing narrowboundary and broad lumen isolated or in groups of 2 to 8 (Pippalī); groups of polygonal,non lignified, thick walled brown coloured cells of testa in surface view, palisade likethick walled cells of testa in transverse view measuring 55 to 80 m in length and 15 to 30m in width, thick walled polygonal cells filled with yellowish brown content of mesocarpcells almost square in shape, measuring 25 to 45 m in dia (Vi²a¬ga); corticalparenchymatous cells containing rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, broken, thickrod-like cellulosic fibres, fragments of typically honeycomb like pitted vessels, resincanals lined with epithelium (Triv¨t); cork cells in surface and transverse view severalwith tannin or red colouring matter (Dantī); parenchymatous cells filled with starchgrains, starch grains abundant, single and compound, ovoid, elliptical, hilum, mostlyirregular in shape, measuring 5 to 10 m in dia, fragments of bordered pitted vessels(Gu²ūcī).Thin layer chromatography:Extract 5 g of powdered vatis (vatti powder) in 75 ml of n- hexane under reflux on awater-bath for 30 min.
Filter and concentrate the extract to 10 ml and carry out the thinlayer chrmotography. Apply 10 µl of n-hexane extract on TLC plate and develop the plateto a distance of 8 cm using n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8.5 : 1.5) as mobile phase. Afterdevelopment, allow the plate to dry in air and examine under ultraviolet light (366 nm). Itshows major spots at Rf 0.10, 0.17 (both blue), 0.25 (fluorescent blue) and 0.46 (blue).Physico-chemical parameters:Loss on drying:2.2.10.Total ash:2.2.3.Acid-insoluble ash:2.2.4.Alcohol-soluble extractive:2.2.7.Water-soluble extractive:2.2.8.pH (1% aqueous solution):Not more than 13.0 per centAppendixNot more than 9.0 per centAppendixNot more than 2.0 per centAppendixNot less than 40.0 per centAppendixNot less than 34.0 per centAppendix4.0 to 4.5Appendix3.3.Other requirements:Microbial Limits:Aflatoxins:Appendix 2.4.Appendix 2.7.Storage: Store in a cool place in tightly closed containers, protected from light andmoisture.Therapeutic uses: Mandāgni (Dyspepsia); Vibandha (constipation); Vātaśo´ita(Gout); Pramehapi²īkā (Diabetic carbuncle); Vra´a (Ulcer); Kāsa (cough); Ku¾°ha .(diseases of skin); Gulma (abdominal lump); Śvayathu (oedema); Pā´²u (anaemia);Meha (excessive flow of urine); Jarādo¾a (geriatric disorder).Dose: 3 g daily in divided doses.Anupāna: Mudga Yū¾a, Milk, Sugandhijala.VA¯I AND GUT#IKĀGeneral Description:Medicines prepared in the form of tablets or pills are known as Va°i and Gut#ikā.These are made of one or more drugs of plant, animal or mineral origin.
Gut#ikā, Vataka,Modaka, Pi´²i and Va°i are synonymous terms used in classics for Va°i.The drugs of plant origin are dried and made into fine powders, separately. Theminerals are made into bhasma or sindura, unless otherwise mentioned. In cases wherepārada and gandhaka are mentioned, Kajjalī is made first and other drugs added, one byone, according to the formula.
These are put into a khalva and ground to a soft paste withthe prescribed fluids. When more than one liquid is mentioned for grinding, they are usedin succession. When the mass is properly ground and is in a condition to be made intopills, gandha dravyas, like kasturi, karpura, which are included in the formula, are addedand ground again.The criterion to determine the final stage of the formulation before making pills isthat it should not stick to the fingers when rolled.
Pills may be dried in shade or in sun asspecified in the texts.In cases where sugar or jaggery (guda) is mentioned, pāka of these should bemade on mild fire and removed from the oven. The powders of the ingredients are addedto the pāka and briskly mixed. When still warm gutikas should be rolled and dried inshade.Pills made of plant drugs when kept in airtight containers can be used for twoyears. Pills containing minerals can be used for an indefinite period. Pills and vatis shouldnot lose their original color, smell, taste and form.
When sugar, salt or k¾āra is aningredient, the pills should be kept away from moisture.MARICĀDI GUT#IKĀ(AFI, Part - I, 12:20)Definition:Maricādi Gut#ikā is a preparation made with the ingredients in the Formulationcomposition given below.Formulation composition:1.2.3.4.5.Maricā APIPippalī APIYavaks#āraAPI)Dād#ima APIGud#a APIPiper nigrumPiper longum(Yava Hordeum vulgarePunica granatumJaggeryFr.Fr.Water soluble ash of plant12 g12 g6gFr. R.24 g96 gMethod of preparation:Take all ingredients of Pharmacopoeial quality.Clean, dry, powder the ingredients no.
1, 2 & 4 of the formulation composition (Prak¾epaDravya) and pass through sieve number 85 to obtain fine powder.Collect Yava ksara in the specified ratio.Take jaggery, add required amounts of water, boil to dissolve and filter through a muslincloth.Reduce to thicker consistency by gentle boiling to prepare Gu²a pāka.Add fine powders of Prak¾epa Dravya and Yava k¾āra and mix thoroughly to prepare ahomogeneous mass.Pass the mass through a pill making machine and cut vatis of desirable weight.
Roll thevatis on a flat surface by circular motion of palm. Dry the rolled vatis in a tray-dryer at atemperature not exceeding 600.Pack it in tightly closed containers to protect from light and moisture.Description:Spherical, soft, blackish brown coloured pills with pleasant odour and sweet taste.Identification:Microscopy:Take about five pills, crush, wash with water, clear in chloral hydrate, wash in water andmount in glycerin (80 per cent) and observe the following characters:Group of isodiameric or slightly elongated stone cells with moderately thickened walls,interspersed with thin walled polygonal parenchyma cells (Marica); groups of elongated,spindle shaped, wide lumened lignified stone cells (Pippalī); groups of stone cells, ovalshape, striated walls with minute central lumen (Dād#ima).Thin layer chromatography:Extract 5 g of the powdered pills with 70 ml of ethanol in soxhlet apparatus on awater-bath for 6 h, filter and carry out thin layer chromatography.
Apply 7.5 µl of theextract on TLC plate. Develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm using ethyl acetate :n-hexane : formic acid (4 : 6 : 0.1) as mobile phase. After development, allow the plate todry in air and examine under ultraviolet light (254 nm). It shows major spots at Rf 0.14,0.20 and 0.34 (fluorescent green).
Spray the plate with anisaldehyde- sulphuric acidreagent and heat at 1100 for about 10 min. The plate shows major spots at Rf 0.80 (blue),0.65 (light violet), 0.52 (violet) and 0.11 (green) under visible light.Physico-chemical parameters:Loss on drying at 110 0:2.2.10.Total ash:2.2.3.Acid-insoluble ash:2.2.4.Alcohol-soluble extractive:2.2.7.Water-soluble extractive:2.2.8.Not more than 10 per cent,AppendixNot more than 6 per cent,AppendixNot more than 1 per cent,AppendixNot less than 9 per cent,AppendixNot less than 46 per cent,AppendixAssay:Not less than 2.83 per cent of piperine when assayed by the following method.Estimation of Piperine: Dissolve 2.5 mg of piperine in a mixture of methanol :chloroform (1 : 1) and make up the volume to 25 ml in a volumetric flask.
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