karlov-kirichenko-kvantovaya-mekhanika-2016 (810755), страница 21
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6""(!Mψ̈2 +Δ2 + Ω204" ψ̈2 + Ω2 ψ2 = 0,ψ2 = 0, - !! 6""(6& " !;1Ω=Δ2 + Ω20 ,2AIKOAI BG' !# Δ = ω − ω21 !# ! !& - !!5 "( ! !"# - !!5* "-Ω0 =d12 E0AI A'5! ( - !!& G0 G; ( AIKO *; ' !Mψ2 = A cos Ω t + B sin Ωt.% (!5* -"#5* "(* A = 0 D- 226! B !!# ' ! ( AIK t = 0 "!"!# ψ1 = 1, ψ2 = 0, ψ̇2 = BΩ =! ! B = iΩ0 /2Ω 9ψ2 = iΩ02Ωsin Ωt.I O< ! ' AIKN 5!! -!="46( 26& ψ1 ψ2 ! !"# !5* ' 5( ' 0"( AIK "(! .& Ψ.26 !& *& - !65 & !' "( E(t) < ! !5 "& |ψ1 |2 |ψ2 |2 ."(4! (! ! &! - !6 (* A I !! ! ," ! "( !* 26& "(! ".!& & A I & ! '"-(G ! '& ! ' 4 "( !(& ."!5 E0 "4- ! t = 0 < !# !! ! - !6*" # ψ1 (t = 0) = 1 *& # 05" !ψ2 (t = 0) = 0 "! "( '"-( !( ( ' 0"( AIK !# "&5 ( !(5 226.! %5( ψ1 ' ! ( -' ψ2 2dψω − ω21ψ1 = −ψ2 ,AIKNi 2 +E0 d12.0-9- K/K &AI Iψ1 = cos Ω t − iΔ2Ωsin Ωt.AI K% -! "5 26 !* !(& !5 ! ! !;* '& !& 05" !65 !# '54! ( 6"".41 - !!& Ω ,"( ! (! !# ' ".( * ! ( / !"(!|ψ2 |2 =Ω2012Δ2+ Ω20(1 − cos 2Ω t).AI<"-( 2" 5! *!5 -!5 6 ' "(* ( & ! *!- "( 0"' .' ' 2"5 AI "! -! " !# * ( 6"".! " "#5 '- |ψ2|2max =Ω20Δ2+ Ω20- !!& IΩ "(& !&& ! - !!& G0 /-.
-! * Δ = 0 "- |ψ2 |2max < 1 ! !5 ! '!# ( * ?!"#( ' !# "!5 "0& AI ! ".6 2 ! !! !! "-4 ;( ";.& & - !! G0/ ! ( "#5* - !5* "-(*< 0"#;& ! !& " "0 " '"-( Δ2 Ω20 "!# Ω = Δ/2 ! -!|ψ2 |2 =Ω202Δ2(1 − cos Δt).AI % 0! "# "- "& ! !& " -! "! ! " '"-( Δ2 Ω20 Ω = Ω0 /2 1|ψ2 |2 = (1 − cos Ω0 t).2AI ?5 " * "* 2" !!- '- < ! 0"- ( !# "( ! !"# " -! - !! G0 .1 ! 5;! ! !& - !!5 "( ! !- ' *.( !( ! 6""! * .( - !!& G0 AI % "0 " !! !4.1( - !! G0 #; ! !& - !!5 "( ! !- .' (! !# *( - !65 * .!! 65 AI < ! 6""(6 (! ! *.(! - !!& ! !& 76 "- !- ' Δ = 0) -.!6 0* !#4 !! * ( "0 " *!(,- .0- Q:+ +C + :(# +- @*+ :(K+.0-P- ' 8( ' "!"# ( "( ! "- " !#4 6""(.6& G07 !# -! 5; ! 5." 0' ."0 -! 6 0! " 6 * ( =! " !"# "( !* 5* .!" !5* " 65 6 5 -!!# 1.!5," 5 !" !64 ! " ;! (M .'5! ( "0 ω > ω21 "0 ω < ω21 < ! 5 ;" -! - !#! - *! '0 !( ! # E2 %'! M ! " ! ( ' *(L % !! 0 ! "- ω < ω21 ! '"-( ( !!- -!05 0 !# ! ( *& % ;! ( 1#4 !;( ." !% & !!"# ! & !6 5 " !6.5 6 < "# ! !- (! !( *!'! ( "5 '- @" ! 5 ! !# " !- * & "#.
! "(4! ( ' '- 0 ! ! ! ! "!!. "( <" ! .5* 14 & .!5* "- !65* !(& 3 ;4 '5!4 &< " "! '5 * !- 5" "(' < "# *! ( 6 τ ∼ 1/2Ω '41(" !# !"(! ΔE ∼ /τ ∼ 2Ω ' "(- !!5 Ω AI B "! -! ΔE | Δ | Δ = ω − ω21 3 ! !&. - !!5 "( ! ' % ! 5 "- ! !5& 5-! "* 5* !; " !& ;( ' *( *!D;( "' " !& *& !& .!5 ' " *!- "!! '".-( '! -! 0" " '" u B '- ! 2 M / /+ N+" /)( O+ !+ !( *. 3 )M 8'!"! IBBA% '"4- ! 2 ! ( ! 0" "6 3 2! "1 !# ! "41< !# 2! !!- -!05 ! !5 '.0 !( !0! ( && 2! % !.! ! !"! @ !- 0( "!.! " !(1 ' !* 2! ! '0!# ! "#.0# '!& (! !#4 !( -4 ;. & "# ! '& !( !"#5 !- !! !"# 2! C1 (!5 !"(4! ( .6 5 !5* "( '0( ! !04! ( ! 0" 2!G ! - ! *2! "1 AII9& 6 '5! ( '5 0"( ! -! .!-& ! "1! ( 5& 2! '! "# !"# 0"4 !( ! ! 1 !!# ";#! ( τ ∼ /ΔE ∼ 1/ω21 % !- ! ! .
! " !# "!!# !& 2! &! "# !( %(! !# ! 6 ! 0"#; - 5; ! . !# "( '"-( / !"- ! "-( "( '0(IB, 3)G ! 0" 0 !"#4 ' !# AI %5;05" -! ! 0 !(!"# ! -! " " ! ! !!- ' Δ = 0 ("(! ( "05 Ω20 Δ2 ! (! !#&! - !6 * !! 65 7 ".- ( ! "( 5'5& ! ! Ω0 "4! "(. ! !& < Ω20 Δ2 5 ' " !# * (0"#;& - !!& 6""! " 6& ?"!"#" 22! ;(! *% " ; * " ( -# G-#! - ; & ! "# "( -.!6 - (! !#4 0"'& 6 1 !"(!* ( A I !( ! !& - !!5 "( !- !!5 * ?!"#( ' !# (! ! * AI ("(! ( "6& ' 5& '!"# !& ( .! ! !& *! ! - !!5 G0 41& ! 0'"# ;( ?"!"# ! ( ! ! !" 65* 6 ! ! - " ; d12 E0 / 1 ! '(41 ' 5 &.! *& !& !5 0"#;* ( !(* "("!!& "5< 1 - !!5 " * "- Ω0 !! !.41 ' 2! 641 !! * !"(.! Ω0 C !5 '& ! 1 '!# "- .!- '' ( I A ("(! ( !&!6 "!"# '& ! & ∼ d12 E0 <.
!* * & ! "" !# '-. - !!5 G0 AI A D! !! -! 0( ' !!- ! 0' '"(4! "!# '- " ;.( C !5 ! '- 41 ' !# - !!5("(! ( 06( d12 E0 /76 ! !!# ( 6"# '-( "1 '"-( *& !& 5-" "" -! ! 5" " ' !ω = ω21 = (E2 − E1 )/.IA,- .0- Q:+ +C + :(# +- @*+ :(K+.0-<- `($+& 5 :(( :! :(# !5 !!- 2! (! !# *2! ".1( '5! ( 6"#& ! ! ! %01"!- " "(' "# "( "( % "-'! !" '"-( "! !# "!- "( .! 50 "4 !"(! !!#4 - !#"& ! "( ! " & " !(.41& ( 0 ! ! !"# " "& ".5 '"4- "!- " ?"!"# -!!#-! ! ( ! "!- "( !" '"-( =&;!& & " ! (' 0J& "! !#4 ! '"-(!; E02 = 4πρ/3<"! !# "( !" '"-( " ! - !! !! ! 2"& <" % ! ( 2"AI 5 "( *!- & ;& "5 <"4 (!.
!# * " !" '"-( "!# !. 5 AI "( W (ω, t) - !! "( !"'"-( -!( -! AI *! !"#( "! !# !( ! "( Eω2 = 4πρω /3 9 0' "( (! !#6 * " !" '"-( 4π d12 2sin2 [(ω − ω21 )t/2]ρωP (t) = W (ω, t)dω =dω.AI N2IIE2hwE 1 + hwhwE12 1)) ,01 +=,4 ) "- 2!5* 6 (! !# 6"# w ∼ I N N 3 - " 2! 0*5* "( * E1 → E2 /6'54! -! "# 2! "1 0"4! ( ";# !* ! !(* "( !5 !4! ( 1#4 15*"'?"! -!# -! ' *( ;! ( ! 6 *!( ! !-! ( !( '( " -.& 2' C "' !# !& * 0 "" ! -!6 !65& !"# !& -! '41( ". !# ! '!/ E4# &.
8 ..7 & ; (#)# 12,"( ! -!05 ('!# "-4 5; (! !# * AI 226! =&;!& B12 "( 6 * .!# !! '"#!! "-4 !" '"-( - !# !"#.4 ; * ?!"#( ! !# !" '"-(! !"# " ; ! -'5-& " ?"!"# "! "#'!# ( 2"& AI ! (1& ( - !"-4 "05* "& 0"#;* ! ! < ! &- 0"0 "( " "' Md E 2 sin2 [(ω − ω21 )t/2]W = 12 0.AI 2(ω − ω21 )%*(1( 2" AI "- E0 (' "! !#4 . "!- "( "!!& "5 !5 *; '. !5 !;M E02 = 8πρ < 5 AI 5 !"3IK(ω − ω21 )sin2 [(ω − ω21 )t/2]86( ρω ("(! ( -# "& (ω − ω21 )2 ! ' 5.5& ' 5& *! 9 ρω 5 ! ( ' ' !" '- ω = ω21 ! -! !! ( " ! ( !0"-!" % '"#!! "-P (t) =2π 2d12 23AI Oρω t.%& 0 !#4 "- 5( ("(! ( ! -! .(! !# * & ! '1( 6"# ! & !( t -! " !#4 !! !! !"! =&;!& .(! !(* 65* *% (! !# * 6 Mw12 =dP (t)dt=2π 23d12 2ρω .AIB?( ! 5 !"! =&;!& AIAIAw12 = B12 ρω ,5 "- -!"# 5 "( 226! =&;!& B12 MB12 =2π 23d12 2.AIII,- .0- Q:+ +C + :(# +- @*+ :(K+?; "-5 0' "-!# 5 "( .226! B21 !5& ; * "- 0' 5('5! ( 5 B12 226! =&;!& A21 "(41&(! !# ! ! 0 "- 05!# !! '-( 226! =&;!& B12 B21 "(4! ("-& !! !41 !- "! ! "#! * d12 = d21 5- " ! "( 0"#; - " !5* "!5* 26& " ! ! !&* % * "-(* *! ( 0!# .!"# "4 !* "#5* !< - "5 6 % !- ' *.!( "( ! - *; ';5* "#5* "& .' "1( "- d12 !"(! ,0& 10−18 ?>?==! "# ! !! !4! 226!5 =&;!&B12 = 6 · 1018 ?>?= A12 = 107 с−1 = 10 )>6 " 3 "( ".5 "5 B -! ! ! ! ( ' BA % !! - !! G0 !* "(* !"(! ! AB )>6 ! .
! *!- 0"-( 10 %!/ 2 !( ! ! 1 )%!/ 2 '-( 1011 >6 " (!5* .! 6* 3,3 −1 T ,?8 = D+=+ )B ,-) + +D T + J+,)) ) @+-A@: 7= 1AglSMNsQPQRt olPQuroQRt@J+,) "A" !5 '"-( "!! "( 2!5 !# 0'5 <.! ! - '"(!# ! ! !(. < 6 2!5 *5 64.1 ! '"-5 !& !& 65 " !#4! !5 !"-5 ! / 4! ; .5 - !!5 "('6 "( !(" - ( "!!( " !# '"#!! '"( . ! !5 0' ! ' !(( "('"-( ="!!( " 6 '"-( ("(.( # '"#!! '"( 65 ! ! .!(( "( '"-( ! ' 641& "& !# !-( (' ! 5!! ' !# ! "( " - &"!!& "5 !& !& F !& ! 6 &.!( !5* !* (* "-" "'. !! !41( ! "# '( '5! ( !& "!.& -! "# !- ! !# "?" +DCG " VURvf !# 00! "('5- 5.( VWmw` UxkqWy]i`W[^ z{ R`Wxrqi`Yl vxW__W[^ [| filWi`W[^ -! '.-! F " ! ! 6 ( '"-.( 9 !! "# 05 ! ;" & ('5 ,- .L- / 5)().L-0- (! K( *$/! -! !- !! !# "!5"0 !!- !-5 "0 "; 0"'-5 !( !& "! -" # 2!- AOKO % 80! '" ' !# "( ! ' -! 5 ( "' & " !#4% AOK : AO 7 > @ ) <* '" ""(5&!5& ! ' 0!41& hH3 =!!! "-" ' ! ! 0'6 " ".' ! !"- -! ( 0 '( *! ! SW]n[}i~Y," "5 '"-( !"(" λ = 1,24 - !! ν = 24840 )>6% AO ' ' !" , > E & 9 % AOB 9 )& '" "' 0!;& 0% AO 9 ) <* 7 > @ 05" 7.0" ( ( 2' ' 2!"#5 "( 0" !!& "!+' " /> 3 ! !& !41 ! "!! '"- !- .' ' -! 5 ( " 5 ((! !& &/ & *!& -!& "' 1 ! !"-41& *! 05-5* !- ! ("(! ( 5 ( *!- !# ." !# ! !( ( ! !# * '"-(-! ! ' ! 6!!# # 0"#;4 4 & " !"# !" # ' !" " -'5-& !* !'* 0 !# "' "# 6!!# 4 .! '"-( ! ! !"# !"5! ! !& "!=! " 5 (1 (! ' '!"& !& ".! "! 70" & " )*&".- <* AOA : IBBI - ! ! -! ! '15 65 *5 ! 05!# ! '"-( 0! ! !5** ! 05!# 6 '"-( < ! (!.
!# " "(! ( "-& !- "! !"# ! * ! *! ! !&!!5 !& - !65 AI O% !; AI (! !( ! 6. '"-& *! "- ω 2 /π 2 c3 ( 0J& "! !- " 6""(! "( ! " ! "0& "0!"#5* - !"# !" "( 0 ! !% " ! (! !# ! '"-( 0 ! !6"# ω 3 ! "# " - !!* " !?( (! !# '"-!"# * "( & - !65 2ωw = 2 3 ω + ρω B21 .AKAIIπ c,"( !& "! "(41 ("(! ( !! 2!-! (! !# 6 '"-( 6"# "! ! 641 "( < !!- 0"#;& "! ! !"( ' AKA *! "5 0' 6'"- =! '"- ! " & ! 6 6.
( ?!5 *5 - -!(! ;4 ! '"-( ! #; - 5; "#55* *D # ! 0 !# ! ! 6 '".-( ! ! ! !* " 5* "0& ("(! ( "- !( 2' !;( % !& 0" ! ." !;( " !& ( : (ΔE Δt ∼ AKI" -8 3;8 234!" -! 0" ! " " "! !;( ." !& - " ! : 2' "5% " 6!& !"# *& !& .! !"# 0 ' (! !(* 65** ' * * ' !! ! *!'5* .226! =&;!& B12 B21 % 05" ! (! !#! 6 * ( *!'( .226! =&;!& A21 ,"( ( !- ( ! - !6 0".41* !5 ( "( * '"-( =&;!&" ! 65 " *5 ' * !.(( ' * ?!! !41 "-5 .!;( 4! ( 2" AIK : AI ' !* 2"Δn Δϕ ∼ 1AKK2' "!!& "5 ϕ !- " !"# ! "- - " ! n " <! 0 5 " !# 2' ! / " "( * " ' !5 '-("#5* 2' * ' !# ! !; " !&';! " " - " ! !"(( "5 & ' " !5 ! (! ( <! " " !5* "!!5* '"-& !! !41* "# ! 5 " ! !5* '"-.5* !IN,- .L- / 5)()!5 !! !41 '"-( 5 - !! ."( !( 2' "('6( "#'( !"-!# ! / ("(4! ( 0' -(4! ( !! ! @' :=&;!& * - " *(1 ( 6""(! "( !"0& ! 05!# -5 ? !( "('"-( "(! ( - " 2! ! 0"#;- " '"-5* ! '"(! *!# " - .!4 "!! '"-( "( ! *! .6 '6 "0& ! - " !5* % " *!.5* & ! 0' ! - " ! 6 ( 6 ! !# 641& ! *& "5 !! 2' - !! ! *(4! (% !"- ! ! '"-( 22! - ! ! .6 '"- ! " - " <! ! !& "! '! "" - ! .
! ! !-" # " 6!& 6" "( *! < ! " "! ( * ! ! 5* ! '"-( " - " 5! (" 6""41 "# ! 5- "( " !.& * ! 541& " % 4 -# 6"."41& "#5& ! '! ! 6""41" '"-(=! ! !# ! ! 0'5 & ! ".' !5 !"# '!"# !"-4! * ! 05-5* !- !"" # 3G ( !( ! "1! 4 ; '"-.( G ! !64 5 (! ! 65* .* * ' '"- ' * "1 -! - !6 % !* "(* ! *- !6 01 - " * * & * *!- " 0!5* * ! -! ' - !6 0"#; - *=! ! "14 ' '"-( 641!! !41 *5 226! "1( ' ! ! .! ! "1 '"-( "1 "& !* " 65 6 5 05 ! 4 !#4 ' ."( * ( ' 5 " '14! - !65 ' <.!( "- !- ' '05! - !6 0 -! !( ! 226! "1( ' '"-( 0 -! "& !# "1( <"1 ' .
'"-( ! " 6!&F " '! "(* - " ! ( '"-.( 65* ** 5;! - " ! "1(,"( ! 0* -!05 " !# * ( 5;".L-L- h& IO " !# MAK n2 > n1 .< ! AIAO 226! "1( "" .!# !# "- !6!"#( F " '-! !6!"# ."19 0' "- "! ! "( ; '"-.( ! " *! !& ! ! . " " !& & ! ; -! * !(( "5 "# - ? !5 !5* - !6 !5* *!( 05 "( * & . 0" 5 "5& ! !! !41& 0"#;& # " "# ( '54! ( ! .& " !& % * " " !& ! !;4 5 0"#6 &!! !& !4 !4 ! '54! !&!6!"#& !!& % ! ! ("(! ( 2"#.5 " ! ( "( @"#6n2E − E1= exp − 2AKn1kT 5 ! & " !& ,& !!"# 'AK -! E2 > E1 " n2 > n1 "! !!- " !"# -!!# -! T < 0+;5& ! 2'- 5 " ! !6.!"#( 0 "4!( !! *; !"# & 6"#& .; !#4 -41& !- 4 !# ! & " !& 0* !# '!!5 ' ! !((F " " " "& !* " '"- 5'5! '!5* !"& "( - " - !6 ( ! !(( *& 9 226! "( .0 226! "& "1( ' ! ! ! !* "/0'- " Z "- 0 "4!& ! ! !; "MZ = n2 − n1 > 0.AK9 5 AIAO "( 226! "1( *& .!5 -! "( -( "1( AIII 5! ( α = ZσAK ! 5 " "& ! !! !41 "5 " 22.6! "( 6! !& " ' "1.( ,"( 6"& & "5 5 0'-" α → −α 4,- .L- / 5)().L-3- 722) +N/" AIAO ! -! !# "- α ! 5 " 226.! "( %"- α '(! ( 0!5* !!* −1 '.