English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (810400), страница 57
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She had dark fine hair a n d ..........pale expressiveface, of w h ic h ........ lips were slightly brightened.151.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.(C) Translate the sentences from Russian into English.Хотя земля была холодной и мокрой, небо было ясным. Вставало яркое солнце.Компас был изобретён в древнем Китае.Дэнни посмотрел на дом, и вдруг в окне он увидел лицо.История, которую я собираюсь тебе рассказать, длинная.
Садись на диван и давай поговорим.Какая красивая бабочка здесь на стене.Спасибо, Стефан. Я знал, что ты дашь мне правильный совет.Иногда посетители звонили не в тот звонок.Я просто хотела взглянуть на дом и задать тебе несколько вопросов.The Indefinite Article (а/ап )1.The Definite Article (the)A/an preserves its old original meaning of "one” .□He had hardly spoken a word since we leftthe house.2. It is used with nouns denoting tim e, measure.weight, frequency:□ A w eek or two passed.□I’ll be back in a minute.□ Why have you bought only a kilo of apples?3.
a/an is used between two noun groups toexpress a rate/ratio (prices, speeds, salaries):□ The car makes 120 km an hour.□I go to the library twice a w eek (once amonth).□ She gets a thousand pounds a week.BUT: We do not use a/an + noun and one + noun inthe same way.1. The definite article is used with substantivizedadjectives and participles: the old, the dead, the rich,the poor, the blind, the wounded, the sick, etc.:□ There are special schools for the blind andthe deaf.□ Do you think th e rich should pay moretaxes?2. We also use the for musical instruments whenwe talk about playing them or listening to them:□ Can you play th e guitar?BUT: □I’d like to buy a new g u ita r.3.
We use the in front of the nationality nouns(generically as the nation or a political group). Theycan be divided into four groups:a) the + -ese/-ss: the Chinese, the Japanese,the Portuguese, the Swiss]203THEARTICLEa/an + noun means “anyone":□ I’d like a co ffe e , please.one + noun when we are counting:□It was one c o ffe e I ordered, not two.We use a/an or one with:a) w hole num bers and fra c tio n s : a /o n ehundred/thousand] а/on e half/quarter,b) money: а/on e pound/dollar,c) weights, measures: а/o n e kilo/foot.We use one with day, morning, evening when tellinga story:□ One day when I was staying at the Hilton Ireceived a strange telephone call.b)4.□A/an or zero with reference to illness:a) use a/an with these illnesses: a cold, aheadache, a sore throat.b) use or omit a/an with these: catch (a) cold,have (a/an) backache/earache/stomachache/toothache.c) no article at all with these plurals: measles,mumps, shingles.d) no articles with these: (high) blood pressure,flu (short for influenza), gout, hepatitis.c)d)□□th e D anes/the Danish, the Spaniards/theSpanish, the Swedes/the Swedish]th e + -c h /-s h : the British, the English, theFrench, the Irish.(the +) plural ending:-ians: (the) Austrians, (the) Belgians, (the)Brazilians, (the) Egyptians, (the) Russians]-ans: (the) Americans, (the) Koreans, (the)Mexicans]-s: (the) Arabs, (the) Germans, (the) Greeks,(the) Poles, (the) Scots, (the) Turks.The S w iss see no need to change theirpolicy of “armed neutrality” .The Chinese have their own version of thisproverb.The B ritis h are too often their own worstcritics.BUT: We say: She is an A m e rica n .18EXERCI SES(В, C) Fill in a/an, the or the zero article.1...........Mr.
Stocks has shown th a t.......... Egyptiansu s e d ..........saws and drills..............saws and drillswere made o f ..........copper. 2. I tell you, he is as1 6(A, B) Fill ina /a n where necessary. Notebrave a s ......... man can reasonably be. 3. You knowwhere you can use a/an or the zero article.I never cared f o r ..........drama. 4. He looks older1. I’m going to bed. I’ve got a headache.than he is, a s .........
dark men often do. 5. A s ...........2. I was awake all night w ith ...........toothache.man sows, so shall he reap. 6. Even.........strongest3. I think Gillan’s g o t ...........flu.have their hours of depression. 7 ............rich think4. The children are in bed w ith ...........mumps.they can buy anything. 8. We are told t h a t ..........5. Mind you don’t c a tc h ...........cold.wicked shall be punished. 9. N o t..........word was6................ measles can be very unpleasant.spoken in .........
parlour.7. Don’t come near me. I’ve g o t..........sore throat.8. I think I’ve g o t ...........cold!(В, C) Say what articles you would use fo r9. I’ve h a d ...........terrible backache.the nouns in italics in this text.10. I often suffer fro m ...........backache.I19Вот это здоровье!*I /1.2.3.4.5.6.(А, В, C) Translate the words in brackets.The apples are (90 рублей за 1 килограмм).I take these pills (два раза в день).We are going (100 км в час).I do the dishes (1 раз в день).Rubbish is collected (три раза в неделю).Olive oil costs (200 рублей за литр).«Я думаю, это всё, миссис Грант», - сказал докторКолд(,) и протянул ей список предписаний. Списокбыл очень длинным, и миссис Грант чуть удар(2)не хватил, пока она дочитала его до конца (3).
Унее болела голова<4), у неё была простуда{5), у неёначинался грипп(6). В довершение всего, у одногоиз её детей была свинка (7). «Я также прописал204US EOFARTICLESWI T HNOUNSOFвам таблетки от повышенного давления (8)», сказал доктор Колд. «Сколько таблеток я должнапринимать?» «Одну таблетку (9) после каждогоприема п ищ и (10), то есть три таблетки в д е н ь (11)».Миссис Грант поблагодарила доктора(12) и с трудом(13) дошла д о аптеки (14).
Она протянула свойдлинный список аптекарю (15) - мистеру Вайту.Мистер Вайт весело приветствовал её. «Вот этоздоровье!» сказал он, взглянув на список(16).* Here’s Health!1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8MATERIALANDABSTRACTNOUNS20(В, С ) Complete the sentences below,using the with these adjectives.blind dead disabled richpoor unemployed1. It is said that we should never speak ill of the dead.2.
Buildings should be specially designed so they canbe used b y ........................... 3. It is only fair that............................ should pay higher taxes than.........................4. In St. John’s Park there is a specialgarden fo r......................with strongly scented flowers.5. Life is bound to be difficult forA J © keWhy did Robin Hood rob the rich?Because the poor didn’t have any money.9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162, Use o f A rticles w ith N ouns o f M a te ria la n d A b s tra c t N ounsrIn a general sense NO ARTICLENounso f M aterialButter, tea, iron,water, honey,wine, snow, etc.v□ B lo o d is th ic k e rthan w ater.□ She was wearinga little hat of blackstraw.□ He d o e s n ’t lik ecoffee.□ She was as paleas snow.When modified by aparticularizing attributeor the situation makesit definite - THE□ Rosa tasted th ewine.
It was good.□ T h e c o ff e e shemade was betterthan he had hopedand very hot.□ She looked withhungry eyes at th eb re a d and m e a tthe landlady broughther.205\NOTES1. When an indefinite oart ofthe substance is meant, som e/any are used:□ I bought som e bre adand cheese.2. We use a/an when:a) sorts of food are meant□ T h ey g ive a g o o dc o ffe e here.b) a Dortion of somethina ismeant□ He drank a brandy andwent out.□ I’ll buy you an ice.^THE/In a general sense NO ARTICLEARTICLEWhen modified by aparticularizing attributeor the situation makesit definite - THE“ ЛNOTESc) the noun indicates an objectmade of a certain material□ There is a tin of sardineson the table.Abstract NounsAnger, beauty,curiosity, freedom,happiness, love,modesty, pride,respect, time,work, strength,weather, etc.□ While there is lifethere is hope.□ What fine weatherwe’re having!□ T h ey w a lk e d insilence along thepath.□ Last night I heard“ C a rm e n "andenjoyed the music.□ We e njoyed th estillness of the air.□ He was in a stateof the greatestexcitement.vEXERCI SES.
!?U l j v i f i* * *!M(В) Insert articles or some where necessary.1ii(A, B) Say what articles you would use for thenouns in these situations.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.А/a n is used withuncountable abstractnouns when modifiedbv a descriotive attribute whichbrinas out a SDecial asDect:□ A hot anger rose in hischest.□ She had a n a tu ra lg race tha t was veryattractive.□ There was a wonderfulhappiness everywhere.У киоска «Соки» вы говорите: «Я, пожалуй,возьму томатный сок».Вы заинтересовались, из чего изготавливаютстроительные блоки. «Из цемента и камня», ответили вам.При выходе из магазина вас спросили, естьли там апельсины.Сосед интересуется, из чего сделан вашсервант. «По-моему, это красное дерево».Расхваливая костюм, вы замечаете: «Непохоже, что это хлопок, можно подумать, чтоэто шерсть».На просьбу купить мороженое вы отвечаете:«Здесь не продают мороженое».Проходя мимо киоска, вы спрашиваете:«Хочешь, я тебе куплю мороженое?»«У тебя всё лицо в яйце, иди умойся».На завтрак я ем варёное яйцо и выпиваючашку кофе.“We shan’t h a v e .........fish ,” Robin said.
2. “ ..........fish is very fre sh,” the waiter assured us. 3. Heb o u g h t.........cold beef, a n d ..........ham, a n d ..........French bread. 4. There were two bottles o f .........wine, ......... plate of ......... oranges with .........powdered sugar. 5. She m ade........coffee. 6 ...........coffee w ith o u t.........bread could never honestlyserve as supper. 7. Dave cut himself another sliceo f .........cheese. 8.
You’ve caught cold; I saw youshivering and you must h ave ........ hot milk to driveit out. 9. She did not answer but her face was hardand pale a s ........ stone. 10. W h a t..........wonderfulnews! 11. Let me give you ......... piece o f .........advice. 12. She served........cold meat and cheese.13........... meat we had for lunch last Sunday wasvery tough. 14. I’m not interested in b u y in g .........silver o r .........gold.206US EOFARTICLESWITHNOUNSOFMATERIALANDABSTRACTNOUNSО(В, C) Fill in a/an, the, some according to themeaning.An English S ecret(1).........tea best made in (2).......... brown china teapot. First you warmpot with (4).........
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