8.Educational system of the usa (794205)

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The Educational System of the USA

In America all Children from six to sixteen go to school. The system of school differs from the system in some countries. Traditionally it consists of an eight-year elementary school, followed by a four-year high school (8-4 plan organization). But there are some other variations in the states. It can be a six-year elementary school, followed by a three-year junior high school and then a three-year senior high school. Another variation is a six-year elementary school, followed by a six-year secondary school.

Elementary education begins at the age of six with the first grade and continues to the eight grade. Attendance is compulsory in most states until the age of sixteen or until the student has finished the 8th grade.

The programme of studies in the elementary school is different in different schools. It includes English, arithmetic, geography, the history of the USA. Physical training, singing, drawing and handwork, work are often taught. Sometimes a foreign language and the general history are begun.

The elementary schools are usually small. The high schools are generally larger and combine students from four or five elementary schools.

The elementary school is followed by four or six years of the secondary school or higher school as it is called. Admission to the American high school is automatic after finishing the elementary school.

In American high schools there are two kinds of school subjects: subjects which are

compulsory for all students, that is all students must learn them. These subjects are

English, physical education, social science. But there are also elective subjects. These are the subjects which some students learn and others do not learn, if they do not like them, or think that they do not need them. Among elective subjects are mathematics, physics, chemistry, foreign languages, history and many others.

At the end of every school year, the child takes a test. If he does well, he goes into the next class ("grade"). If he doesn't do well, he has to repeat the grade. American children finished school without any examinations.

At the end of their school, most students get a high school diploma and can enter college or the University.

In state-supported public schools, the education is free, private elementary schools and private secondary schools are fee-paying. Each individual state has its own system of public school. Some schools have modern teaching equipment, like computers and closed circuit television.

Many Americans go on to institutions of higher education when they leave school. If they want to go on to college or university, they often take college admission tests.

A student may study many interesting subjects at college, in short or long courses, but if he wants to get a degree, he has to study for at least four years. Thus it usually takes four years to get a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree. A master of Arts or Master of Science degree may be obtained in one or two additional years. The highest academic degree is one or two additional years. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy. It may take any number of years to finish the original research work necessary to obtain this degree.

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