М.А. Амелина - Конспект лекций по курсу - Компьютерный анализ и синтез электронных устройств (1267377)
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Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɎɂɅɂȺɅ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂəȼɕɋɒȿȽɈ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə«ɆɈɋɄɈȼɋɄɂɃ ɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ(ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ)»ɜ ɝ. ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɟɅɛɯɠɟɫɛɊɫɩɧɶɳɦɠɨɨɛɺ ɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɣɥɛɇ.Ȼ. ȻɧɠɦɣɨɛɅɩɨɬɪɠɥɭ ɦɠɥɱɣɤɪɩ ɥɮɫɬɮ«Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ»Ɋɛɥɠɭ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧ ɬɰɠɧɩɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɩɞɩ ɛɨɛɦɣɢɛ MicroCAP-8ȼɟɪɫɢɹ 1.2ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤ2006D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOCɆɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ MicroCAP-8.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜMicroCAP-8. ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ). Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɚ»,ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɭ «Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ».
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚɦ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ.© ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɥɢɚɥ Ɇɗɂ, 2006 ɝ.2Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɟɥɢɧɚ03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 135Ɍɩɟɠɫɡɛɨɣɠ1.ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ɩ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɠ...............................................................................5Ƚɝɠɟɠɨɣɠ .............................................................................................................................. 5Ɍɩɬɭɛɝ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɥɠɭɛ MC8.................................................................................... 51.1.1.2.1.2.1.1.2.2.ɋɛɜɩɭɛ ɬ ɧɠɨɹ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɶ.....................................................................................................
91.3.1.3.1.1.3.2.2.ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɶ ɩɜɴɠɨɣɺ ɬ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɩɤ............................................................................9ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɥɩɧɛɨɟɶ ɧɠɨɹ .........................................................................................................11ɏɩɫɧɛɭɶ ɢɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝ ................................................................................38ɉɜɴɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ................................................................................................................ 382.1.2.1.1.2.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.4.3.Ʌɩɫɨɠɝɩɤ ɥɛɭɛɦɩɞ ɇɌ8:.................................................................................................................6Ɋɩɟɥɛɭɛɦɩɞɣ DATA ɣ LIBRARY ...................................................................................................7ɒɣɬɦɛ .............................................................................................................................................39Ɋɠɫɠɧɠɨɨɶɠ .................................................................................................................................39ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɝɶɫɛɡɠɨɣɺ ɣ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɣ .................................................................................41ɍɠɥɬɭɩɝɶɠ ɟɣɫɠɥɭɣɝɶ ................................................................................................................48ɇɩɟɠɦɣ ɛɨɛɦɩɞɩɝɶɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝ............................................................................52ɉɜɴɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ɩ ɧɩɟɠɦɺɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝ ....................................................................
52Ɋɛɬɬɣɝɨɶɠ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɶ (Passive components)............................................................ 533.1.3.2.3.2.1.3.2.2.3.2.3.3.2.4.ɋɠɢɣɬɭɩɫ (Resistor)......................................................................................................................53Ʌɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭɩɫ (Capacitor) .............................................................................................................55Ɇɣɨɣɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɲɣ (Transmission line) .........................................................................................57ȿɣɩɟ (Diode) ɣ ɬɭɛɜɣɦɣɭɫɩɨ (Zener) .........................................................................................58ɏɠɫɫɩɧɛɞɨɣɭɨɶɠ ɬɠɫɟɠɲɨɣɥɣ .........................................................................................
603.3.3.3.1.3.3.2.3.3.3.ɉɪɫɠɟɠɦɠɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣ ɯɠɫɫɩɧɛɞɨɣɭɨɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɟɠɲɨɣɥɛ.....................................60ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɢɛɣɧɨɩɤ ɣɨɟɮɥɭɣɝɨɩɬɭɣ ɣ ɧɛɞɨɣɭɨɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɟɠɲɨɣɥɛ (Ʌ) ........................................61ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɮɫɛɝɨɠɨɣɺ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɛ ɧɩɟɠɦɣ ȿɡɣɦɬɛ-Ȼɭɭɠɫɭɩɨɛ ɝ MicroCAP-7 ɣ MicroCAP-8..........................................................................................................................................................623.4.Ƀɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɩɝ (Waveform sources)....................................................................... 643.4.1.3.4.2.Ɉɠɢɛɝɣɬɣɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɺ ɣ ɭɩɥɛ..................................................64Ƀɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɛ, ɢɛɝɣɬɺɴɠɞɩ ɩɭ ɝɫɠɧɠɨɣ..........................................................................64ɘɦɠɧɠɨɭɶ ɟɦɺ ɬɪɠɱɣɛɦɷɨɶɰ ɱɠɦɠɤ (Special Purpose) ................................................
733.5.3.5.1.3.5.2.3.5.3.3.5.4.Ʌɦɹɲ (Switch) ...............................................................................................................................73Ʌɦɹɲ, ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɠɧɶɤ ɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɧ (S).....................................................................................74Ʌɦɹɲ, ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɠɧɶɤ ɭɩɥɩɧ (W) .................................................................................................74Ɏɬɭɫɩɤɬɭɝɩ ɝɶɜɩɫɥɣ-ɰɫɛɨɠɨɣɺ Sample and Hold...................................................................75Ɇɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɣ ɨɠɦɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɢɛɝɣɬɣɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ.........................................................
763.6.3.6.1.ɂɛɝɣɬɣɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɦɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɣ ɪɩɦɣɨɩɧɣɛɦɷɨɶɠ (Dependent Sources)....................763.6.2.Ɇɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɠɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ, ɢɛɟɛɝɛɠɧɶɠ ɪɫɠɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɧɣ Ɇɛɪɦɛɬɛ (LaplaceSources) ɣ Z-ɪɫɠɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɧɣ (Z Transform Sources) .........................................................................783.6.3.ɏɮɨɥɱɣɩɨɛɦɷɨɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɩɝ (Function Sources) ..................................................803.6.4.Ɍɭɫɠɦɥɣ (Arrow) ɣ ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɶ (Bubble) .......................................................................................80Ȼɥɭɣɝɨɶɠ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɶ (Active components).................................................................
813.7.3.7.1.3.7.2.3.7.3.3.7.4.3.7.5.4.ȼɣɪɩɦɺɫɨɶɤ ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (Bipolar transistor — BJT) ..............................................................81Ȼɫɬɠɨɣɟ-ɞɛɦɦɣɠɝɶɤ ɪɩɦɠɝɩɤ ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (GaAsFET) ...........................................................83Ɋɩɦɠɝɩɤ ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (JFET) .......................................................................................................85ɇɉɊ-ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (MOSFET) ........................................................................................................86ɉɪɠɫɛɱɣɩɨɨɶɤ ɮɬɣɦɣɭɠɦɷ (ɉɋȻɇɋ) ........................................................................................90Ƚɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɠ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ ....................................................................................934.1.4.1.1.ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɩɲɨɶɰ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɤ ɪɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ (DC —Alt+3)...........................
93ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ DC Analysis Limits ....................................................933D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOC4.1.2.4.1.3.4.2.4.3.4.4.4.5.4.5.1.4.5.2.4.5.3.4.5.4.4.5.5.4.6.4.6.1.4.6.2.4.6.3.4.6.4.4.6.5.4.7.4.8.4.9.4.10.4.10.1.4.10.2.4.10.3.4.10.4.4.10.5.4.10.6.4.11.4Ƀɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɥɦɛɝɣɳɣ ɋ ........................................................................................................96ɇɠɨɹ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɝ ɫɛɬɲɠɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɩɲɨɶɰ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɤ DC ............................................................96ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɫɠɡɣɧɛ ɪɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ (Dynamic DC —Alt+4) .......................................
97ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɧɛɦɩɬɣɞɨɛɦɷɨɶɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɩɲɨɶɰ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɤ (Transfer Function — Alt+5) ...... 99ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɲɮɝɬɭɝɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ (Sensitivity — Alt+6)................... 100Ȼɨɛɦɣɢ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɦɩɧ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɠ (AC — Alt+2)................................. 101ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ AC Analysis Limits (F9) ..........................................103Ƀɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɥɦɛɝɣɳɣ ɋ ......................................................................................................105ɇɠɨɹ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɝ ɫɛɬɲɠɭɛ ɲɛɬɭɩɭɨɶɰ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥ ȻɌ.......................................................106Ƚɶɝɩɟ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɶɰ ɟɛɨɨɶɰ......................................................................................................107ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɮɫɩɝɨɺ ɝɨɮɭɫɠɨɨɠɞɩ ɳɮɧɛ ..........................................................................................108Ȼɨɛɦɣɢ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɨɶɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɩɝ (TRANSIENT — Alt+1) ..............................................
108ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ Transient Analysis Limits (F9) ...............................108Ƀɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɥɦɛɝɣɳɣ ɋ ......................................................................................................114ɇɠɨɹ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɝ ɫɛɬɲɠɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɨɶɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɩɝ TRANSIENT ...........................................114ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɶɰ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɣ ɫɠɟɛɥɭɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɪɠɫɠɧɠɨɨɶɰ ɬɩɬɭɩɺɨɣɺ ....................115Ƚɶɝɩɟ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɶɰ ɟɛɨɨɶɰ......................................................................................................117ɇɨɩɞɩɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɨɶɤ ɛɨɛɦɣɢ.............................................................................................. 118Ɋɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɣɲɠɬɥɛɺ ɩɪɭɣɧɣɢɛɱɣɺ .................................................................................... 120Ɍɭɛɭɣɬɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɤ ɛɨɛɦɣɢ ɪɩ ɧɠɭɩɟɮ ɇɩɨɭɠ-Ʌɛɫɦɩ .......................................................
123Ɋɫɩɬɧɩɭɫ ɣ ɩɜɫɛɜɩɭɥɛ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ ............................................... 126ɉɥɨɩ ɩɭɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɣɺ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ................................................................126Ɋɛɨɩɫɛɧɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɩɥɨɛ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ .......................................................127ɇɛɬɳɭɛɜɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɩɥɨɛ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ .......................................................127ɋɠɡɣɧ ɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɨɩɤ ɦɮɪɶ Scope ............................................................................................127ɏɮɨɥɱɣɣ ɫɛɢɟɠɦɛ PERFORMANCE ..........................................................................................130Ƚɶɝɩɟ ɞɫɛɯɣɥɩɝ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥ ɝ ɫɠɡɣɧɠ Probe................................................................133Ȼɨɣɧɛɱɣɺ ɣ ɭɫɠɰɧɠɫɨɶɠ ɞɫɛɯɣɥɣ................................................................................
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Тип файла PDF
PDF-формат наиболее широко используется для просмотра любого типа файлов на любом устройстве. В него можно сохранить документ, таблицы, презентацию, текст, чертежи, вычисления, графики и всё остальное, что можно показать на экране любого устройства. Именно его лучше всего использовать для печати.
Например, если Вам нужно распечатать чертёж из автокада, Вы сохраните чертёж на флешку, но будет ли автокад в пункте печати? А если будет, то нужная версия с нужными библиотеками? Именно для этого и нужен формат PDF - в нём точно будет показано верно вне зависимости от того, в какой программе создали PDF-файл и есть ли нужная программа для его просмотра.
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