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Ⱥɦɟɥɢɧɚ03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 37 ɢɡ 135Distortion (Alt+8) — ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ɏɭɪɶɟ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ.Probe Transient... (Ctrl+Alt+1) — ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Probe. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɥɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɫɯɟɦɵ,ɬɨ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɡɥɟ.Probe AC... (Ctrl+Alt+2) — ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Probe.Probe DC... (Ctrl+Alt+3) — ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Probe.ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ Probe (Transient, AC, DC) ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɦɟɧɸ: Probe, Vertical, Horizontal, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ (ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ).37D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOC2.ɏɩɫɧɛɭɶ ɢɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝɉɜɴɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ2.1.ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ — ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ (ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ) ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.ȼɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜ MicroCAP-8 ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:• ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ VALUE) ɢɥɢ (ɢ) ɢɦɟɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ (ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹMODEL);• ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ VALUE ɢɦɟɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Rload, Cout, Cin, Lpins ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɜɜɨɞɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɬɚɜɹɳɢɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ.
Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɜɜɨɞ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ «.Define» ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ (ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ),ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ.Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɪɹɞ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ.ȼɜɨɞ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɋɂ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɫ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ (ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ) ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (2600), ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ (2.3E3), ɥɢɛɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ (5K). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.2.1):Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.1.
Ȼɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ10-1510-1210-910-610-31031061091012ɮɟɦɬɨɩɢɤɨɧɚɧɨɦɢɤɪɨɦɢɥɥɢɤɢɥɨɝɢɝɚɬɟɪɚN (n)U (u)M (m)K (k)ɦɟɝɚMEG(meg)G (g)T (t)F (f)P (p)ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.1. ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ — ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ. ȼɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ(PART), ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ (VALUE) ɢ ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɮɥɚɠɤɨɜ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Resistor). Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ, ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ, ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ MicroCAP-8 ɨɬ PSPICE.38Ɇ.Ⱥ.
Ⱥɦɟɥɢɧɚ03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 39 ɢɡ 135Ɋɢɫ. 2.1 ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ.2.1.1.ɒɣɬɦɛɑɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:• ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ (ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ MC8 ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ 2,5 ɤɈɦ, ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ 2500 ɢɥɢ 2.5k, ɚ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ 1 ɦɤɎɤɚɤ 0.000001;• ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ 1.5 ɦɤɎ ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɤɚɤ 1.5ȿ-6;• ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.
2.1).Ⱦɥɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɹɯ X, Y ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɛɭɤɜɚ "m"ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ 103, ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɛɭɤɜɚ "Ɇ" — 106 (ɜɦɟɫɬɨ MEGA). ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟɢ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ.ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ 1,5 ɆɈɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ 1.5MEG, 1.5meg ɢɥɢ 1500Ʉ,ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ 1 ɦɤɎ ɤɚɤ 1U ɢɥɢ 1uF. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɢ ɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ!2.1.2.Ɋɠɫɠɧɠɨɨɶɠȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ MC8 ɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:ɍ — ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ;F — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜ ɝɟɪɰɚɯ;ɀ — ȿɏɊ(1)=2,718281828;S — ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ (ɜ ɤɭɪɫɟɈɌɐ ɢ Ɇɚɬ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶ p);39D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOCGMIN — ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɜɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Options>Global settings;PI — ɱɢɫɥɨ π =3.14159265389795;TEMP — ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ ɐɟɥɶɫɢɹ;VT — ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɪ-ɩ—ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 1,3806226⋅ 10–23ɯ(273,15+ɌȿɆɊ)/(1,6021918⋅ 1019); ɩɪɢ ɌȿɆɊ=27°ɋ VT=25,86419mB;J — ɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɢɡ –1;Tmin — ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;ɍmɛɰ — ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;Fmin — ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ;Fmax — ɤɨɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ;PGT — ɨɛɳɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ;PST — ɨɛɳɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɩɚɫɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ;ɋɉɍ — ɨɛɳɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ;Z — ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ (ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ).ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ MC8 ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɥɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 0, 2, 25.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ Options>Mode/Text ɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɭɡɥɭ ɢɦɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ "_" ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ⱥ1, Out, Reset.ȼ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.2.2):Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.2. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ MicroCAP-8V(A,B)Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ Ⱥɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɡɥɟ Ⱥ (ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɥɚ "ɡɟɦɥɢ", ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ 0)Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ Ⱥ ɢ ȼV(D1)ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɜɭɯɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ D1I(D1)IR(Q1)Ɍɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɜɭɯɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ D1Ɍɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ (ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ)Ɍɨɤ, ɜɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɜɵɜɨɞ R ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ Q1 ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 2VRS(Q1)ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ R ɢ S ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ Q1 ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 2CRS(Q1)ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ R ɢ S ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ Q1 ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 2QRS(Q1)Ɂɚɪɹɞ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ R ɢ S ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ Q1 ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 2R(R1)ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ R1C(X1)ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ ɏ1Q(X1)Ɂɚɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ ɏ1L(X1)ɂɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɏ1X(L1)Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ L1D(A)V(A)I(A,B)40Ɇ.Ⱥ.
Ⱥɦɟɥɢɧɚ03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 41 ɢɡ 135B(L1)Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ L1H(L1)ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ L1RNDɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ [0, 1]_ONOISEPG(V1)Ʉɨɪɟɧɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɚ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭɄɨɪɟɧɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɚ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨ ɜɯɨɞɭ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɈNOISȿ/ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɆɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ V1PS(X1)Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɏ1PD(D1)Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ D1INOISEȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ, D1 — ɢɦɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɫɞɜɭɦɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, Q1 — ɢɦɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ.
ɋɢɦɜɨɥɵ R ɢ S ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.3:Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.3. Ⱥɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨȺɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜɆɈɉ-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ (MOSFET)D, G, S, ȼɋɬɨɤ, ɡɚɬɜɨɪ, ɢɫɬɨɤ, ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɚɉɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ (JFET)D, G, Sɋɬɨɤ, ɡɚɬɜɨɪ, ɢɫɬɨɤȺɪɫɟɧɢɞ-ɝɚɥɥɢɟɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ (GaAsFET)D, G, Sɋɬɨɤ, ɡɚɬɜɨɪ, ɢɫɬɨɤȻɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ (BJT)ȼ, ȿ, ɋ, SȻɚɡɚ, ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ, ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɚȻɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɨɦ (IGBT)ɋ, G, EɄɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ, ɡɚɬɜɨɪ, ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɅɢɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ (Tran.
Line)ȺɊ, AM, ȼɊ, ȼɆȼɯɨɞ+, ɜɯɨɞ–, ɜɵɯɨɞ+, ɜɵɯɨɞ–ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ: I(R1) — ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ R1; R(Rload) —ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Rload; IC(Q1) — ɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Q1;VBE(Q1) — ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɢ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Q1, VGS(M1) —ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɬɜɨɪ-ɢɫɬɨɤ ɆȾɉ-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ M1.2.1.3.ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɝɶɫɛɡɠɨɣɺ ɣ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɣȼ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .DEFINE ɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ.Ȼɫɣɯɧɠɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɣ+–*/————ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ;ȼɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ;ɍɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ;Ⱦɟɥɟɧɢɟ;41D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOCDIV — ɐɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ;MOD — Ɉɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.ɍɫɣɞɩɨɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ, ɪɩɥɛɢɛɭɠɦɷɨɶɠ, ɦɩɞɛɫɣɯɧɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɣ ɩɭ ɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɭɠɦɷɨɶɰ ɣɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɶɰ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨ (ɰ — ɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɭɠɦɷɨɛɺ, z — ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɛɺ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɛ)ɀɰɫ(ɰ) — ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ;Ln(x) — ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦ |ɯ|;Log(x) ɢɥɢ Log10(x) — ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦ |ɯ|;Sin(x) — ɫɢɧɭɫ, ɯ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɧɚɯ;Cos(x) — ɤɨɫɢɧɭɫ, ɯ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɧɚɯ;ɍɛn(ɰ) — ɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ, ɯ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɧɚɯ;Asin(x) — ɚɪɤɫɢɧɭɫ;Acos(x) — ɚɪɤɤɨɫɢɧɭɫ;Atn(x) ɢɥɢ Arctan(x) — ɚɪɤɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ;Atan2(y,x) = Atn(y/x) ;Sinh(z) — ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɧɭɫ;Cosh(z) — ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɫɢɧɭɫ;Tanh(z) — ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ;Coth(z) — ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɬɚɧɝɟɧɫ.ɏɮɨɥɱɣɣ ɩɭ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɶɰ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨ (z)DB(z) — ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 20*LOG(|z|);RE(z) — ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ z,IM(z) — ɦɧɢɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ z;MAG(z) — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ z.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ z;PH(z) — ɮɚɡɚ z ɜ ɝɪɚɞ.;GD(z) — ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ.Ɋɫɩɲɣɠ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɣ ɩɭ ɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɭɠɦɷɨɶɰ ɣ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɶɰ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨ (x,y — ɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɭɠɦɷɨɛɺ, z —ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɛɺ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɛ, n,m — ɱɠɦɶɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɣɭɠɦɷɨɶɠ)ABS(y) — ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭ,SQRT(y) — ɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɭ,SGN(y) — ɡɧɚɤ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɭ,POW(y,x) — ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ y x = e x ⋅ln ( y ) , ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɤɚɤ y^x;PWR(y,x) — ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ y^x;** — ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 5**2=25;PWRS(y,x) — ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ y^x;FACT(n) — ɮɚɤɬɨɪɢɚɥ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ n;RND — ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ [0, 1] ɫ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ;STP(x) — ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɚɱɤɚ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 1 ɩɪɢ T>x ɢ ɪɚɜɧɚɹ 0 ɩɪɢ T<=x.
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