Текст ВКР (1194537), страница 10
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Brussels has created the Fund of refugees’ support. However, the concern is connected with unwillingness of a number of member states to divert its part of the national income to that Fund. The difficulties also arise in connection with growth of anti-immigrant moods among the Europeans seeing the threat to their financial and social status.
It seems to be difficult to reach consensus because of positions of the heads of the states and governments which are obviously demonstrating the difference of their national interests and intentions. The measures taken by them unilaterally testify that. There is actually a shift in the mood and solutions of such countries as Germany, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, and France. There occurs rapprochement of the positions of the small countries, the so-called ‘Vishegradsky four’ that intend to stand together on a number of questions.
The threat to applying the Schengen agreements has increased. The passport control on the internal borders which are earlier freely crossed by citizens of any EU member state confirms that. Also, the quotas of regulating the distribution of reception of the migrants are the subject of disagreement.
The polls show that the local population is against setting up the camps for temporary keeping of refugees in their present form. There are the facts of manifestation of hostility, and the direct conflicts, even aggressions, up to demolition of shelters of immigrants (camp in Calais, France). Even in the Netherlands, 56% of the population demonstrates an absolute negative attitude to it. The reason is not only in material expenses though in 2015the country spent 1, 4 billion euros on reception, registration, and maintaining the migrants. Everywhere, there is the fear of the "guests’" antisocial, sometimes criminal behavior as well as the acts of terrorism. It is no secret that together with refugees the radical Islamists, supporters of ISIS (the organization forbidden in Russia), penetrate into the European countries.
The considered problem inevitably touches on the political climate in the European Union, too. The revival of activity and growth of influence of ultras, and their impacts on electorate are observed that affects the results of elections in a number of the countries. There ripens the idea about incompatibility between "Europeism" and Muslimism.
The only thing that has general support is the need of strengthening defense of the external borders of the European Union and protection of the European values, social and economic gains on which the European Union has worked more than half a century. But it assumes the additional expenditures for the arms and the maintenance of the armed forces that have to solve the burning problem for today – to overcome the migratory crisis. Can the EU cope with the task that requires overcoming the consequences of the global crises in economy, financial, and social spheres at the loosened political system, and with difficult relationships with the civil society? Both the immediate development of the appropriate measures and their effective execution are necessary. The future of the European Union is staked.
The ability to reach a wide compromise and the ability of the present management to consolidate the efforts of all member states on the solution of the all-European tasks have to play an extremely important role. Life will show whether it will be possible to show wise political will, to convince members of the EU in the need to renounce the national interests at emergence of problems that similar to the migratory ones, and to show the solidarity and unity that have been recorded in all Agreements of the EU.
If to look at the rating of the countries by the number of the arrived people, it should be noted that the first place in this list is taken by the USA (38,4 million people), then follow Russia (12,1 million people) and Germany (10,1 million people). The Netherlands and Switzerland – 1, 7 million people respectively from each country. According to the World Bank, the largest migratory corridors in the world through which flows of migrants pass including the transit are Mexico – the USA - 11,6 million people, Russia – Ukraine - 3,7 million, Ukraine – Russia - 3,6 million. Further follow Bangladesh – India -3,3 million, Turkey – Germany - 2,7 million, Kazakhstan – Russia - 2,6 million, Russia – Kazakhstan- 2,2 million, China – Hong Kong -2,2 million, India – the United Arab Emirates -2,2 million, China – the USA -1,7 million people. Many people from Afghanistan move to Iran - 1, 7 million. The corridor ‘ Cuba – the USA’ closes the rating of 30 countries - 1 million, the 28th place, Belarus – Russia- 1 million people, the 29th place, Uzbekistan – Russia- 0, 9 million people, the 30th place.
In the modern world, the population migration has become the global process
which has embraced practically all the continents and the countries and all the
social groups. Nowadays, the phenomenon of the international migration becomes
an essential and long-term factor of development of the countries and continents.
Today the USA, Canada, and Australia remain still main centers of attraction of
migrants where the share of the foreigners among the busy population on average
fluctuates from 20% to 30% However, today it is already impossible to divide the
countries into the three exact categories: emigration, immigration, and transit.
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