01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 8
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Some of the (old)and historic buildings are there. Some of the buildings in New YorkCity are the (high) buildings in the whole world. New York City isnot only the (large) city in the US; it is also the (important) industrial center. Perhaps, the (expensive) office buildings in the worldare there. It has the (great) number of factories, the (large) banksand post offices. It sends out many letters and receives the (heavy)mail bags.
It is truly the (important) business city.Упражнение 30. Прочитайте текст и озаглавьте его.The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest -- 29,002feet high. The largest ocean is the Pacific having a total area of63,986,000 square miles. The Atlantic Ocean, the next largest, isonly 31,530,000 square miles, the Indian Ocean with 28,350,000square miles comes third. The longest river is the Nile which ismore than 4,000 miles longer or about twice the distance by airfrom London to Beirut.
The biggest island is Greenland which belongs to Denmark and is about 840,000 square miles in extent. Thelargest lake is the Caspian Sea. Geographers consider it as a lakebecause it is not connected with any of the great oceans. It has anarea of about 170,000 square miles. Which is the deepest sea? Sofar, as we know at present the greatest depth is in the Pacific Oceannear the Philippines and goes down to 37,000 feet, which is muchmore than the height of Everest. The biggest volcano is in Ecuador,South America. It is still active and 19,612 feet high.
There is another one between Argentina and Chile and it is more than 3,000feet higher.Упражнение 31. Напишите существительные в единственном числе.cities, countries, societies, universities, technologies, lorries,industries, dictionaries, territories, theories, communities.Упражнение 32. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их.grown. Stand, dealing, brought, knew, making, send, found,thought, spending.Упражнение 33. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.It is difficult for mankind to predict (предсказать) changes inthe environment accurately.
It is known that natural changes inweather and climate may have more catastrophic global effectsthan human activity. But scientists are developing a new concept34that can help make such prediction more accurately. It is based onour understanding that the Earth is an integral system. Its parts —oceans, atmosphere, land or life — cannot be understood in isolation to predict changes in the most accurate way.
Modern scientificand technological progress made it possible to use new technologies for that purpose. That satellites can control physical, chemical,biological and geological changes on a global scale is well-knownnow. One must also know that the study of environmental problemswith the help of satellites is becoming international.
Russia, theUS, France, Japan, Canada, India, China and Italy are planning tosend their satellites in both polar and geostationary orbits.CONVERSATIONExercise 1. Answer*the questions according to the example:What is one of the most important problems for mankind now? (the problem ofpollution and ecology).The problem of pollution and ecology is one of the most important problems formankind now.1. What problem is becoming a global problem? (the problem ofair and water pollution). 2. What makes it possible to eliminate airand water pollution? (scientific knowledge and technological advance, good will and large investments).
3. What are scientists inindustrially developed countries currently working on? (the theory of interaction of the atmospheric and oceanic global processes). 4. What factors are slowly changing the global climate andwater balance? (the growth of population, industrialization and useof resources). 5. What actions are necessary to take to deal successfully with the problem of protecting the environment throughoutthe world? (planning, developing international programs to studyecological data, joint efforts of scientists and special public organizations).Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.1. At present one of the mostimportant problems for mankind2.
The rivers, seas and oceans3. That purifying air, water andsoil is changing from a nationalto a global problem1. are becoming seriously polluted by industry.2. are successfully being carriedout on a global scale.3. it is possible to eliminate airand water pollution by plannedactions of human society as awhole.354. Therefore, it is necessary5. Scientists expect that6. Large-scale experiments inthis area4.
is evident to all.5. to take measures to safeguardnatural resources and the environment on a global scale.6. is that air and water pollutionis reaching very large proportions.Exercise 3. Read and learn.Rita: Did you have a nice weekend?Mary: Yes, I did. I was tired of watching television, going to parties,to the movies and so on. John and I decided to go to Pennsylvania University to take part in the discussion on environmental problems.R.:Oh, really! How unusual! That must have been interesting.M.: Yes, it was. There were a lot of scientists and politicians.
Haveyou heard about such a firm called «Sanyo»?R.:Certainly. It is well known for its electronics.M.: It's one of the first companies to make products that don'tpollute the environment.R.:Oh, my father told us about new heating systems made by thiscompany. They use clean and safe technology.Exercise 4. Speak about:1. The problem of pollution and ecology is one of the most important problems for mankind.2.
Ecological problems in your home town, especially the problem of air pollution.Use exercise 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for yourtopic: to become polluted by industry and transport; to reach high level; to developa program of purifying air in industrial centers; to take necessary measures; foreliminating pollution; new technologies; make it possible; successfully.Exercise 5. Read and smile.One evening Rutherford entered the laboratory. It was late, buthe found one of his students working with some apparatus.«What are you doing here so late?» Rutherford asked.«I'm working, sir,» was the answer.«And what do you do in the day time?»«Oh, I work, of course, sir,» answered the student.«Do you work early in the morning, too?»36«Yes, professor, I work early in the morning, too,» said the student, quite sure that the famous scientist would praise (хвалить) him.Rutherford looked at him gloomily (мрачно).«Tell me,» he asked with irritation (раздражение), «when doyou think?»Text 2BПрочитайте текст.
Укажите отрицательные стороны научно-технического прогресса. Приведите примеры экологической ситуации в Вашем городе.PollutionThe British, like many other Europeans, are becoming moreand more worried (беспокоиться) about their environment. Hereare some of the environmental problems that they face.As the population of large cities like London, Birmingham andManchester continues to grow, pollution problems become worse.The air in many towns and cities is being polluted by traffic(транспорт, движение) and industry. The number of cars and lorries is growing all the time.
On the one hand, they bring mobility tomillions of people, but on the other hand, they need bigger, betterand more expensive roads, which often ruin the countryside(сельская местность). Traffic in cities is getting worse and worse.Water pollution has become a serious problem in many Britishrivers. People living near aiфorts suffer from the noise of increasingly larger and more powerful jet airliners taking off and landing.Text 2CПрочитайте текст.
Расскажите по-английски о результатах исследования, проведенного Всемирной организацией здравоохранения.Ecological Problems of Big CitiesThere are over 150 supercities in the world with populationfrom one to 15 million and more. Tokyo, New York, London,Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro and Moscow are just a few of the citieswhich have become supercities.People in the supercities suffer from polluted environment: badwater, bad air and noise. A new term, urban (городской) climate,is used now for such cities.
It means high temperature, oppressiveatmosphere and intensive smog.Some experts consider that it is practically impossible to protect the big cities from pollution. The World Health Organization(WHO) studied air pollution around the world for over eight years.37It measured two things: the level of sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the airand the level of smoke. Sulphur dioxide and smoke pollute waterand have serious effect on forest, buildings and health of people.In the WHO report it is shown that the cities with the most considerable level of CO2 in the air are Milan, Teheran, Prague, Santiago and Sao Paulo. However, some cities with clean air get worsein winter. Helsinki, for example, becomes one of the cities with thelargest proportion of it in the air in winter.
This must be connectedwith the heating of houses. One can also mention (упоминать)Glasgow and Warsaw which suffer in the same way.Text 2DПрочитайте текст. Расскажите по-английски о достопримечательностяхсовременного Лондона.London, its History and DevelopmentIt is known that the area around London was inhabited(населять) by the Celts. Later the Romans founded a militarycamp there.
The camp developed into a port. The area of about 1square mile where the Romans built their fortifications corresponds approximately to today present City of London. Londonwas the capital of one of the Roman provinces of Britain. After theRomans left Britain, London became less important and sufferedgreatly from the Danes and Vikings. It was under Henry the Firstin the 12th century that London finally became the capital ofEngland. In the 16th century London, with its 500,000 inhabitants, was the largest city in England. Under Queen Elizabeth theFirst in the 17th century England dominated the oceans and became the Empire.
It is in the Elizabethan Age that art, culture andliterature flowered, especially in London. Over the centuries London became the centre of a constantly growing empire. The empire reached its apex (вершина) under Queen Victoria. Industrialization and the expansion of international trade broughtLondon power, growth and cultural and economic development.In the First and Second World Wars London was ruined considerably.Some 9 million people now live in London and its suburbs, andthe city covers an area of 620 square miles, making it one of thelargest of the world's capitals.
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