01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 3
Текст из файла (страница 3)
The increase of information requires new methods and newapproaches to students' training and instruction"*.At present a new system of education is introduced in thiscountry — a distance education system. This computer system oflearning helps working professionals to continue their educationwhile remaining at their jobs.
This system enables people to getknowledge and a good foundation in the sciences basic to his or herfield of study. Distance learning has developed over years^ fromsatellite video courses to modern videoconferencing through personal computers.The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided intotwo terms (semesters). The first- and second-year students obtainthorough instructions in the fundamental sciences of mathematics,physics, chemistry and drawing as well as computer engineeringand a number of others. The curricula are enriched and broadened^by instructions in such subjects as foreign languages, history andeconomics.At the third year students get more advanced knowledge andbegin to concentrate on their special interests, so to say, their «major» subject and take many courses in this subject.
Specialized studyand courses will help students to become specialists and preparethem for their future work.After four years students will get a bachelor's degree. Then thestudents may go on with their studies and in a year or two of furtherstudy and research get a master's degree. After graduating from theuniversity they may go on with their study and research and mayget a still higher degree.10About 75 percent of students receive state grants and 15 percentare sponsored by enterprises.
Universities have their own students'hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centers.Education is a process through which culture is preserved,knowledge and skills are developed, values are formed, and information is exchanged.Education is the way to success.Notes to the Text1. learning materials — учебный материал2. to bring up to date ~ довести до современных требований3.
information explosion — информационный взрыв4. training and instruction -- подготовка и обучение5. over years — за многие годы6. curricula are enriched and broadened — программы (курсыобучения) обогащаются и расширяютсяУПРАЖНЕНИЯУпражнение 12. Просмотрите упражнение 7 и текст 1А, ответьте на вопросы.1. When does the academic year begin in this country? 2. Howmany exams did you pass to enter the University? 3. Do you pay foryour education? 4. Do students get grants? 5.
What subjects do students study in the first year? 6. Which subject is the most interesting for you? 7. Is there a sport center in your University? 8. Whatdegree do students get after four years of study? 9. What degree cana student get after two years of further study and research? 10. Whatnew education system is introduced in this country? 11. What specialities do people get after graduating from a university? 12. Whyis higher education important in the life of every country?Упражнение 13. Сравните предложения в действительном и страдательном залоге, переведите их.1.
Students asked the lecturer many questions. The lecturer wasasked many questions. 2. The monitor told the first-year studentsto come to the laboratory. The first-year students were told to cometo the laboratory. 3. Usually a lab assistant shows the equipment tothe students. Usually the equipment is shown to the students by alab assistant. Usually students are shown the equipment by a lab assistant. 4. Students watched the process with great attention. Theprocess was watched with great attention.
5. Tomorrow our teacher11will give us a new task. A new task will be given tomorrow. We shallbe given a new task tomorrow. 6. Practice accompanies theory.Theory is accompanied by practice. 7. He asked me to bring a dictionary. He was asked to bring a dictionary. 8. The teacher told thestudents to sign their drawings. The students were told to sign theirdrawings. 9.
The dean will send the students to a big plant in summer. The students will be sent to a big plant in summer. 10. Hetaught us to use the lab equipment. We were taught to use the labequipment.Упражнение 14. A. Переделайте предложения из действительного в страдательный залог.1. You Open the door. 2. We asked questions. 3. He will finishhis project next week. 4. He can do this exercise.
5. They invited meto their conference. 6. I saw a new film. 7. My sister writes lettersregularly. 8. Universities develop new methods of students' training. 9. After graduating from the University the students may get astill higher degree. 10. The study of foreign languages, history andeconomics must improve the curricula of technological universities.B. Переведите предложения в страдательном залоге, дайте варианты, гдевозможно.1.
Mathematics, strength of materials, mechanics, elements ofmachines as well as engineering physics are studied at technological institutes. 2. The development of science is closely connectedwith the development of higher education. 3. Students are providedwith hostels, well-equipped laboratories and libraries.
4. Any country must be provided with good specialists in all branches of science and technology for its further development. 5. Large sums ofmoney are spent by the state to train highly-qualified engineers. 6.Much attention must be paid to improve the standards of highereducation.
7. Students of technological institutes are trained toanalyse various facts and theories. 8. The scientific and technological progress of a country is determined by the qualification ofspecialists. 9.Some institutes of technology are reorganized intouniversities.
lO.The country must be provided with specialists capable of working with the technology of tomorrow effectively.Упражнение 15. Найдите Participle I и Participle II, переведите предложения.1. The students studying at the institutes passed entrance examsin summer. 2. The subjects studied in the first two years are veryimportant for future engineers. 3.
The lecture delivered by our dean12was on new methods of technology. 4. The man delivering thislecture is our professor on mathematics. 5. An article discussingthe new system of school education appeared in all newspapers.6. The results of the experiments discussed yesterday will be published. 7.
The attention paid to the study of fundamental subjects isgreat. 8. Students interested in computer engineering enter technological institutes. 9. The number of specialists connected with newbranches of science and engineering is increased every year.УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫУпражнение 16. Определите по суффиксу, к какой части речи относятсяследующие слова:administration, gradual, electric, intensively, practical, dramatic, integral, specific, operation, illumination, naturally, identical, organization, originally, arctic, technical, acceleration.Упражнение 17.
Найдите в тексте lA слова с суффиксами -Г/ол, -А/, -/С,-/у и переведите их.Упражнение 18. Найдите глагольные формы, которые могут быть сказуемыми в предложении:Student, many, will be passed, doing, technical, has, reports,studied, interesting, connected, are, were done, large, is, tasks, developed, is read, coming, texts, badly, giving, had, was made possible, are given, forms, necessary, teaches, basis, was, done.Упражнение 19. Найдите:а) антонимы (слова, противоположные по значению)to begin, to enter, young, large, to open, to take, quick, much,to graduate from, many, long, slow, little, to finish, old, small, toclose, to give, few, short;б) синонимы (слова, совпадающие по значению)new, large, many, to begin, to take, to speak, to enter, to build,to do, to get, modern, big, to start, much, to make, main, to talk, toconstruct, to come into, major.Упражнение 20. Составьте предложения из следующих слов в соответствии с порядком слов в английском предложении.1.
has, buildings, our, several, institute. 2. subjects, students,many, the first-year, study. 3. the third-year, had, last, students,training, industrial, summer. 4. carry out, students, practical,work, in, laboratories, well-equipped. 5. problems, many, scien13tists, important, solve, our. 6.
texts, difficult, Petrov, technical,translated. 7. his, will, the teacher, translation, correct. 8. next,dean, a lecture, deliver, our, week, will. 9. students, more, institutes, last, entered, a million, than, year.Упражнение 21. Заполните пропуски глаголами to be, to have в соответствующем времени.1. Moscow ... the capital of Russia. 2. There ... many institutesin Moscow. 3.
The oldest of them ... Moscow University. 4. OurUniversity ... one of the oldest technological institutes in this country. 5. It... founded in 1830. 6. It... old and new buildings. 7. There... laboratories, workshops and libraries in our institute. 8. Everyfaculty ... its own computer center. 9. Our library ... a great numberof books and magazines in all branches of science and technology.10. Last year we ... at school, next year we ... the second year students. 11. We ... industrial training in the third year.Упражнение 22. Выберите правильную форму.1.
Entrance exams (held, are held) in summer. 2. More than 20new technological institutes (were founded, founded) in the lastdecade. 3. Basic engineering subjects (studied, are studied) in thefirst and second years. 4. Highly-qualified specialists (trained, aretrained) at higher schools. 5.
More than a million students(enroled, were enroled) to the institutes and universities of thiscountry last summer. 6. The training of specialists (will be improved, will improve) as a result of restructuring in the next fewyears.Упражнение 23. Напишите ответы на вопросы по следующему образцу:Are there two presidents in the United States? No, there are not. There are not tpresidents in the United States.
There is one president in the United States.1. Are there thirteen months in a year? 2. Are there eight daysin a week? 3. Are there fifty minutes in a hour? 4. Are there seventy seconds in a minute? 5. Are there forty days in a month? 6.Are there thirty days in February? 7. Are there thirty-two days inJanuary? 8. Are there five seasons in a year?Упражнение 24. Выберите соответствующие местоимения.А. 1. (We, us) all went with (their, them) to the dean's office.2. My friend came to see (I, me) last night. 3. Victor gave Peter and(I, me) a book and we went to the reading-room with (he, him) andhis friend.
4. He told Mary and (me, I) to go with (he, him) and his14sister. 5. They know all about my friend and (I, me). 6. I came tothe Institute with Michael and (her, she). 7. An old man asked (we,us) to come and see (him, his). 8. Go with David and (her, she) tovisit (they, them).B. They invited me to (them, their) party.
2. He could not answer (his, her) teacher. 3. They were (your, you) former students.4. You are (us, our) colleagues. 5. This is (my, me) brother. 6. Annwent to (his, her) room and put on (his, her) new dress because shewas going to a dance given by (his, her) company. 7. Where is thedictionary? (He, it) is in (his, its) place on the table.C. 1. Your dictionary is new, but (my, mine) is not. 2.
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