01-04-2020-Oxford_English_for_Infomation_Technology (1171844), страница 38
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g. a'start' bit marks the beginning of acharacter and a 'stop' bit marks its endnoun C [10]the set of conductors that carry thecontrol signals between the ControlUnit and other parts of a computerverb [18] to damage insuch a way that prevents normal usenoun U [6] a Unix commandfor copying a filenoun C [2, 5]abbreviation for central processing unitverb [18, 19] to break into acomputer system in order to stealinformation or cause damageverb [17, 19] to failsuddenly and completely usuallyreferring to the failure of a hard disknoun C [24] abbreviationfor cathode ray tubenoun U [10] set ofsymbols that signify pressing thecombination of the control-alternativeand delete keys on a computerkeyboard at the same timenoun C [2, 10] a symbolon the monitor screen that indicatesthe point on the screen that is beingusedverb [7]to remove some data from a file andtemporarily store it in the computer'smemory then insert a copy of the datain another position in the same or inanother filenoun C [23] adigital image of an attractive femalethat is used in programs on theInternetnoun U [23]the study of control andcommunication in animals andmachines.
It is used in the design ofrobots.noun U [20, 24]the combination of all the data on allthe computer networks throughout theworld accessed using the Internetnoun C [23] a manmachine system or a person madesuperhuman by a machine or externalsystem that changes the way the bodyfunctionsnoun C [16] thecommon name for a data channel in anISDN systemnoun U[1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23] theinformation processed by a computernoun C [23] alarge collection of data that can beaccessed by many users and enablesthem to copy or store data on aparticular topicnoun C [2] the setof conductors that carry the datasignals between different parts of acomputernoun C [8] afacility for storing large amounts ofinformationnoun C [16]the common name for the part of anISDN line that carries signalling andsupervisory information to the networknoun U [5] thetransmission and reception of datasignals using a communicationsnetwork and appropriate protocolsnoun U[17, 19] a measure of how resistant asystem is to causing corruption in datawhile it is being stored or transferrednoun C [3] astorage system that archives largeamounts of data in a way that makes iteasy to accessnoun U [3]a process of analysing a large amountof stored data to find new usefulinformationnoun C [9]the flow of datanounC [3] a computing centre that providesa large collection of data gatheredfrom different sources for data miningnoun C[1, 3, 5, 8, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24] atype of applications program used forstoring information so that it can beeasily searched and sortednoun C [12] a system fortransmitting data from one computerto anothernounC [11] the part of a networkcommunications system thatsupervises the transmission.
Itconfirms the checksum then addressesand duplicates the packets. This layerkeeps a copy of each packet until itreceives confirmation from the nextpoint along the route that the packethas arrived undamaged.noun U [6] a Unix and MSDOS command for displaying thecurrent dateverb [21] to find and fixfaults in a program or systemnoun U [6] a rangeof computers produced by the DigitalEquipment Corporation using their Vaxrange of processorsverb [18] tochange coded information into normaltextnoun C[21] a type of grid used in computerprogram design to show what actionsshould be taken by the program underdifferent conditionsnoun C [3] anAl technique used in data mining thatseparates data into subsets thenfurther divides the subsets into smallersubsets until the subsets are smallenough to allow the mining process tofind interesting patterns andrelationships within the dataverb [9] to decidewhat a program instruction meansverb [9] toremove the compression, i.
e. to expandto its original sizeGLOSSARYverb [11, 18] torecover the original text from anencrypted messagenoun U [18] acomputer crime that involves changingthe information shown on anotherperson's website without permissionnoun C [10] aninitial setting that can be changed bythe usernoun C [18] a type ofcomputer crime that involvesswamping a server with large numbersof requestsnoun C [3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11]the main graphical user interfacebackground screen that displays iconsfor other programsnoun C [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 22] a personalcomputer that is designed to be usedon an office desknoun C [22] a computerprogram designed to be used on adesktop computernoun C [1] a smallcomputer providing a variety of toolsfor organising work, e.
g. a calendar, todo list, diary, address list, calculator,etc.noun C [5] the phases asoftware product goes through fromwhen it is first thought of until itbecomes obsolete. This typicallyincludes: requirements analysis,design construction, testing(validation), installation, operation,maintenance and retirement.noun U [22]abbreviation for dynamic hypertextmarkup language. A development ofHTML that allows the creation of moredynamic and user-interactive webpages.noun U [12, 17] acommunications system that allowscomputers to connect together using atelephone linenoun C [19, 25] a type of backup thatcopies all the selected files on asystem that have been changed sincethe last time a full backup was carriedoutadj [9, 11, 16, 18, 19, 23]an electronic system that has only twostates, e.
g. off or onnounC [1, 3, 5, 13, 23] an input device fortaking pictures. It has an electroniclens and uses electronics for storingthe images rather than chemical film.noun U [19]electronic currency that is stored onelectronically sensitive cards or existsin cyberspace and is used for makingelectronic purchases over the Internetnoun C [18] an electronic messageused to show a transaction istrustworthy. It contains informationabout the company processing thetransaction including their public keyand is electronically 'signed' by atrusted digital-certificate issuer.noun U [16] abroadband communications systemthat allows digital signals to betransferred across an ordinaryanalogue telephone linenoun C[6, 19] a storage area used for groupingfiles so that they can be easily located.A directory is sometimes called afolder.noun C [6, 17, 19] a flat circularstorage devicenoun C [6, 17] astorage device for reading from andwriting to disksnoun C [10] avertical bar that divides a WindowsExplorer window into two parts.
Onepart shows the drive folders and theother part shows the filenames of thefiles in the selected folder.noun C [13]abbreviation for domain name systemnoun C[15, 20] an identifier used on theInternet in place of the numericalInternet address. It identifies the host,the type and the country code, e. g.holyrood.
ed. ac. uknoun C [13] a network servercomputer used for operating andcontrolling the domain name systemnoun C [13] a system ofassociating the name of a device on anetwork such as the Internet with itsnumerical address so that the namecan be used by the user and thenumerical address can be used by thenetwork systemnoun C [8] a printer thatprints by hammering pins onto aninked ribbonverb [7] topress and release the left-hand button207on a mouse two times in rapidsuccessionverb [1, 8, 12, 13,15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 25] to copy a file froma server to a client computer in anetworknoun C [13, 16, 23]a process of copying a file from aserver to a client computer in anetworknoun U [16]the signal path for receivingcommunications from a server to aclient computer in a networkverb[7, 10, 21] to move data from onelocation to another with a mouse.Holding down the mouse button whilemoving the mouse moves the selecteddata.
Releasing the mouse buttondrops the data in the new location.noun C [17] aset of hard disks that are used in aRAID systemnoun C [15, 17] asystems program that controls aperipheral devicenoun U [16] abbreviationfor digital subscriber linenoun U [8] abbreviationfor desktop publishing. A process ofdesigning documents for publishingusing a computer system.noun C[11] a network device with a keyboardand display screen that is used forsending and receiving data but doesnot do any processingadj [16] able totransfer data in both directions, i.
e. cansend and receive datanoun C [2, 9, 11]abbreviation for digital versatile diskread only memory. An optical diskstorage device that can hold a largeamount of video data.noun U [3] abbreviationfor European Article Number system.The European price and item codescommonly used in barcode systemsnoun C [24] soundoutput device that fits into the ear ofthe usernoun U [12] a common namefor an electrical ground point or zerovoltage pointnoun C [25] commonname for an electronic booknoun C[25] common name for an electronicbook reader208GLOSSARYnoun U [14]common term for electronic business,i. e. business that is carried out usingthe Internetnoun U [24] commonname for electronic cashnoun U[2] abbreviation for error codecorrecting memory.
A type of memoryoften used in server computers thatautomatically fixes simple memoryerrors without requiring the rebootingof the computer.noun U[8, 14, 22, 23] the business of buyingand selling goods and services on theInternetnoun C [5, 25] acomputer program for making changesto text in computer programs or datanoun U [1]a system that has both educationaland entertainment valuenoun U [2]abbreviation for extended integrateddevice electronics. A type of hard diskcontrol system where most of thecontrol electronics is built into thedrive itself. Extended IDE allows theuse of multiple drives of more than 528megabytes.noun C [18, 25] a computingdevice that displays the text andimages of an electronic booknounC [25] a book that is displayed using acomputing device instead of beingprinted on papernoun U [24] data thatrepresents real money that is storedand transferred on computing devicesconnected to the Internet in ecommerce systemsnoun C [25] anorganisation that produces ebooksnoun C [23] acomputer program represented by ananimated screen image that is used tohelp the user perform particular taskssuch as searching the Internet foruseful datanoun C [1, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14,15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24] the commonname for an electronic mail message,i.
e. a text message sent electronicallyusing a computerverb [1, 23] to send anemail messagenoun C[12, 18] the unique address code usedto contact someone using electronicmailnoun C [1, 15, 19] a file that is attachedto an email messagenoun C [13] a computer program usedfor reading and sending emailnoun C [20]an Internet service that allows user tosend and receive emailsnoun U[21] a key feature of object-orientedprogramming that bundles data andprogram instructions into modulescalled objectsverb [9, 11, 14, 18] towrite information in a coded formnoun C [9] acomputer program that converts WAVfiles into MP3 files or vice versaverb [11, 18, 19] totransform data into coded form tomake it securenoun U[18, 20, 23, 24] the transformation ofdata into coded form to make it securenoun C [10, 13]another name for the RETURN key on acomputer keyboard.
Pressing theENTER key inserts the data into thememory of the computer.nounC [8] a type of computer program forplanning and organising businessfunctions in an enterprise. It can helpcompanies manage everything fromsales and marketing to humanresources.noun C [3] acronymfor electronic point-of-sale till. Acomputerised cash register that editsrecords in sales and stock controldatabases.noun U [25]the production of ebooksnoun C [19] a CD that allowsdata to be deleted and new data to berecorded on itnoun U [22] abbreviationfor enterprise resource planningnoun C [22]common term for electronic solutions,i.
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