01-04-2020-Oxford_English_for_Infomation_Technology (1171844), страница 40
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The tags determine howthe document is displayed on thescreen and marks the position ofhyperlinks.noun C [17] abbreviation forinput/outputnoun U [6, 22, 23, 25]abbreviation for International BusinessMachines, the largest computercompany in the world. It launched thefirst personal computer called the IBMPC which quickly became the standard.noun C [12] abbreviation forintegrated circuit. A completeelectronic circuit built on a singlesilicon chip.noun C [7, 21] a smallpicture used in a WIMP system torepresent a program folder or filenoun U [23] awireless networking system standardapproved by the American regulatingorganisation called the Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineersnoun C [9] thecommon name for an intra frame in anMPEG compressed filenoun C [8]a computer program that allows theuser to make changes to imagesnoun C [14] agraphic image with separate areas thatcontain hyperlinks to different parts ofa websitenoun U [13] acronym forInternet mail access protocolnoun C [13] the folder inan email program where emails arestored when they are first receivednoun C [19] a type of backupthat copies all the selected files thathave been changed since the last fulldifferential or incremental backupnoun U [23] a set of radiowavefrequencies centred around 2.
45GHZused for industrial scientific andmedical devices and for Bluetoothdevicesnoun U[1, 24] an informal term for a globalhigh-speed network providingcommunication services that are freelyavailable to everyone, i. e. a highlydeveloped Internet systemnoun U [22, 23, 24, 25] thestudy and practice of techniques oruse of equipment for dealing withinformationnoun U [21] akey feature of object-orientedprogramming that allows specificinstances of a class to inherit all theproperties of the class, e. g.
squaresare a specific instance of rectanglesand inherit all the properties ofrectanglesGLOSSARYadj [22] done byemployees of an organisation ratherthan people outside the organisationverb[18] to reboot or restart the computerverb [2, 4, 6] to put datainto a systemnoun U [2, 6, 7, 21, 23] dataput into a systemnoun C [2, 7]a piece of equipment used for puttingdata into a computernoun C [18, 21]one line of a computer programnoun U [16] a broadbandnetwork communications system thatallows the ordinary analoguetelephone system to carry digitalsignals including voice, data, text,graphics and videonoun U [2, 23, 25] theAmerican company that designs andproduces the electronic processorsused in most of the computers in theworldnoun C [7, 24] a computer utilityprogram that uses artificial intelligenceto perform tasks for the user such asretrieving and delivering informationand automating repetitive tasksadj [21, 24]allows two-way communication so thatthe user can respond or interact withthe systemnoun C [6, 7, 9, 11, 16,24] the hardware or software thatconnects two systems and allows themto communicate with each othernoun C [12, 13] a 32-bit codenumber assigned to every node on theInternet.
It consists of a series ofnumbers that identify the majornetwork and the sub-networks towhich a node is attached and providesa path that gateways can use to routeinformation from one machine toanother.noun U [17] a freebrowser program developed by theMicrosoft Corporationnoun U [13]a set of standards for accessing emailmessages stored on an email server.Initially only message headers areretrieved. Users can then organise ordelete messages on the server anddownload individual messages.noun U [12] the basic set of standardsfor enabling computers tocommunicate over the Internetnoun C [14, 23] anorganisation that provides Internetconnections for a feenoun U [1, 5, 6, 11,12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25] the connection of computernetworks across the worldnoun C [5] aprogram that converts other programsinto machine code line by line as theprograms are being usednoun C [9] atype of image frame used in MPEGcompression which contains onlyinformation in the picture itselfnoun C [7, 23] acomputer network that is internal to anorganisation and uses the TCP/IPprotocol in the same way as theInternetnoun U [12] abbreviation forInternet protocol.
A part of the TCP/IPprotocol used on the Internet.noun C [13]abbreviation for Internet protocoladdressnoun C [12] theIP part of a TCP/IP systemnoun U [12, 20]abbreviation for Internet relay chat. AnInternet service that allows user tohave a conversation by sending textmessages to each other in real-time.nounU [16] a process of identifying a userby scanning their eyesnoun C[22] an abbreviated form of informationsystems manager. A person whomanages a computer-based servicethat provides information that is usefulto a particular organisation.noun U [16]abbreviation for integrated servicesdigital networknoun C [11] an electronic device thatisolates a network system from highvoltages and allows it to use the mainselectricity cables for connectingcomputers together and transferringdatanoun C [12, 13, 14, 20]abbreviation for Internet serviceprovidernoun U [5, 8, 22, 23, 24]abbreviation for informationtechnology211noun C [21] a processthat is repeated as long as certainconditions remain truenoun U [21, 22, 23] anobject-oriented computerprogramming language that wasdeveloped by Sun Microsystems in themid 1990s.
Programs written in Javacan be used on a wide range ofoperating systems. It is widely used fordeveloping interactive applications forthe Internet.noun U [22] ascripting language that allows simpleprograms to be embedded into HTMLdocumentsnoun U [9] abbreviationfor joint photographic expert group thecommittee that devised a commonstandard for image file format andcompression. JPEG compression iscommonly used for photographicimages in webpages because it createsvery small files.noun C [19]informal name for an optical disk drivethat stores many optical disks. Thedisks are loaded into the drive whenrequired by the host computer.noun C [18] aprogramming instruction that causes aprogram to change its normalsequencenoun U [12]unwanted and unsolicited email that isnormally advertising or trying to sellsomethingnoun C [2] abbreviationfor a kilobyte.
A unit of storagecapacity equal to 1024 bytes.noun C [16, 23]abbreviation for kilobits per second. Aunit of signal speed equal to 1024 bitsevery second. A more common form iskbps.noun C [23]abbreviation for kilobits per second. Aunit of signal speed equal to 1024 bitsevery second.noun U [6] a graphicaluser interface used with the Linuxoperating systemnoun C [6, 24] the lowestlevel layer at the core of an operatingsystem.
It deals with allocatinghardware resources to the rest of theoperating system and the applicationprograms.212GLOSSARYnoun C [1, 2, 6, 11, 16,19, 23, 24] the main electronic inputdevice that has keys arranged in asimilar layout to a typewriternoun C [18] theprocess of pressing and releasing akey on a keyboardnoun C [13] a wordused to categorise documents orrecords in a file. Keywords can be usedby a search engine to find relevantlinks on the Internet.noun C [9] abbreviationfor kilohertz.
A unit of frequency equalto 1000 cycles every second.noun C [23] an application programthat is particularly useful and popular,making a computer system verysuccessfulnoun C[17, 22] a collection of information thatcan be easily modified, revised andmanipulated to enable the user tosolve particular problemsnoun C [5, 8, 11, 15, 17, 23]acronym for local area networknoun C [5] software thatperforms computer languagetranslationnoun C [23]the largest type of portable computernoun C[8, 16, 17, 21, 25] a printer that printsusing toner powder and laser light on aphotosensitive drumnoun C [10] abbreviationfor liquid crystal display.
An electronicdisplay device that uses liquid crystalcells to control the reflection of light.noun C [8] acable connection that is rented for usein a communications systemnoun C [21, 22] a set ofprogrammed functions that are madeavailable for use by any programnoun C [11]an electronic circuit that provides highcurrents or voltages to other electroniccircuitsnoun C [2] theamount of data transferred each timethere is a transfer between the mainmemory and cache memorynoun C [13, 14, 15] a commonterm used for a hyperlink, i. e.
theconnection of a webpage to anotherwebpage or filenoun U [6] a clone of theUnix operating system created by LinusTorvalds for use on personalcomputersnoun C [6] the Linux-userterm for a complete operating systemkit complete with the utilities andapplications needed to make it douseful things, e. g. commandinterpreters, programming tools, texteditors, typesetting tools and graphicaluser interfacesverb [6, 18] to copy aprogram from a storage device into thecomputer's memorynoun C [8, 11] computersconnected together over a small areasuch as a company departmentverb [11] to record the timethat an event happenednoun C [20] a record of when anevent happenedverb [6, 12, 18, 19, 20, 23]to connect to a network systemaccount normally using a passwordnoun C [18, 20]destructive code introduced into aprogram that is triggered by someevent taking place on the computersystem at a later timenoun C [2] adigital electronic circuit that comparestwo or more inputs and gives an outputaccording to a particular rule of logicnoun C[12, 13] a method by which a programuses two sets of related records to finda required value.
It is quicker thancalculating the value using a formulabut takes up more memory space.noun C[21] see iterationnoun C [22] a computerlanguage such as machine code orassembly language that is closer to theform that a computer understands thanto that of a human languagenoun C [2] anelectronic card that gives the ownerdiscount on purchases at a particularstore depending on how much theyspendnoun U [6] a Unixcommand for printing a filenoun U [6] a Unix command fordisplaying a list of files in a directorynoun U [2] abbreviationLow Voltage Differential. The interfaceused in Ultra2 and Ultra3 SCSI.noun C [23] abbreviation formetre.
An international unit fordistance.noun C [23] abbreviationfor milliamp. A unit of current equal toone thousandth of an amp.noun C [7] thecommon name for the Apple Macintoshrange of computers. A type of personalcomputer manufactured by AppleComputer Incorporated.noun C [18] acronym formessage-authentication codenoun C[22] a computer language that consistsentirely of a combination of 1s and Osnoun U [24] another namefor artificial intelligencenoun C [6] thefamily of operating systems used onthe Apple Macintosh range ofcomputersnoun C[18] a virus program in the form of amacro programnoun U[19, 24, 25] a magnetic storage mediumin the form of a thin plastic ribbonwound on a reel or a cassette.
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