01-04-2020-Oxford_English_for_Infomation_Technology (1171844), страница 39
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e. ways of solving a problem orproviding a service using the Internetnoun U [2, 11, 12] awidely-used local area networkstandard that broadcasts packets ofdata that are addressed to particulardevices on the network. Each device onthe network reads the address andpasses it on to the correct device.nounU [7, 22] a Microsoft Windows programthat includes an email program, acalendar task list and address listnoun C[18] an MS-DOS executable programthat has an.
exe filename extension. Itcan use more than 64 kilobytes ofmemory and can be located anywherein the memory.adj [21]containing instructions that can be runor executed by the processorverb [6, 18, 21] toperform a computer operation byprocessing a program instructionnoun C[1, 10] an electronic circuit board usedfor adding facilities to a computernoun C[2] a long thin connector that is usedfor adding additional electronics in theform of expansion cardsnoun C[1] an artificial intelligence programthat collects and uses human expertiseto allow non-experts to solvespecialised problemsadj [14] able tobe added to, e. g. in an extensiblelanguage a developer can add theirown termsnoun U [14, 16, 21] a metalanguage thatallows developers to create their ownset of customised tags that identify themeaning and structure of data.
It isused for creating files that areprogram-independent, platformindependent and able to be used withdifferent languages.noun C [14, 17] acronymused on websites for frequently-askedquestionnoun U [17] a computer's ability torecover from hardware errorsverb [21] to go and get thenext instruction or piece of data frommemorynoun C [13] a section of adatabase where an item of data isstorednoun C [5, 6, 12, 15, 18, 19, 22,23, 24] a computer program or datastored on a storage devicenoun C[8, 11, 17, 22] a main computer thatprovides a storage area for data fileson a networknoun U [12] an Internetservice that allows users to transferfiles from one computer to anothernoun C [18] avirus that attaches itself to a programfilenoun C [5] acollection of computer files storedcentrally on a network servernoun C [19, 20] acombination of hardware and softwareused to control the data going into andout of a network.
It is used to preventunauthorised access to the network byhackers.verb [2] to mark in a way thatindicates that a particular conditionhas occurrednoun C [3] a simple database in whichall the data is stored in one tablewhich is not related to any other tablenoun C [4] amagnetic storage device in the form ofa small plastic disk. Also known as adiskette.noun C[2, 4, 10, 11] a common magneticstorage device that reads and writesdata on a floppy disk.
Also known as adiskette drive.noun C [21] a kindof diagram used by programmers toshow the logical steps in a program orby systems analysts to show logicalsteps in the design of a systemnoun C [7, 13] seedirectorynoun U [21, 22]acronym for Formula Translator. A highlevel computing language that wasdesigned by scientists in 1954 and isoriented toward manipulating formulasfor scientific, mathematical andengineering problem-solvingapplications.verb [13] to pass onwithout changing the content, e. g.
areceived email can be passed on to orforwarded to another addressnoun C [14] a section of awebpage that acts as an independentbrowser window. Clicking on a link inone frame can cause a webpage to bedisplayed in another frame, e. g. amenu in one frame can provide links towebpages that are displayed inanother frame.noun U [6] an organisationthat is dedicated to producing softwarethat can be used by anyone who wantsto use it at no cost.
It depends on thevoluntary effort of a large number ofprogrammers throughout the worldcreating and improving programs andmaking their work freely available toothers.verb [5] to make spaceavailable, e. g. by deleting files on ahard disknoun U [15]computer programs that are madeavailable to anyone who wants to usethem at no cost to the usernounC [23] a set of frequencies that areused together to provide a path for thetransmission of signalsnoun C [9] an electronic device forshowing the frequency of a signalnoun U [23] a process of changingfrequencies within a fixed bandwidthduring a transmission so that othertransmissions can use the samebandwidth at the same time withoutinterfering with each othernoun U [12, 20]abbreviation for file transfer protocolnoun C [19] atype of backup that copies all theselected files on a system whether ornot they have been edited or backedup beforeadj [11, 23]able to transfer data in both directionssimultaneously, i.
e. data can betransmitted and received at the sametimenoun C[24] a person who studies and predictswhat technology will be like and whateffects it will have in the futurenounC [23] an electronic device used forplaying computer gamesnoun C [11, 12, 13,15, 18] an interface that enablesdissimilar networks to communicatesuch as two LANs based on differenttopologies or network operatingsystemsnoun C [2, 9, 11]abbreviation for a gigabytenoun C [20] although it wasoriginally a derogatory term used foran expert lacking in social skills, it isnow used in computing to mean adedicated expertnoun U [16] aGSM data transmission technique thattransmits and receives data in packetsnoun C [21] acomputer language that can be used towrite different types of programsverb [15] toregister the Web address of a websiteon an Internet search enginenoun C [2, 23]abbreviation for gigahertznoun C [23] a unit ofstorage capacity equal to 1 073 741824 bitsnoun C [2] a unit ofstorage capacity equal to 1 073 741824 bytesnoun C [3] a unitof frequency equal to one thousandmillion hertz (cycles every second)noun C [16] asystem that determines the user'slocation by comparing radio signalsfrom several satellitesnoun U [6] a project tobuild a complete user-friendly Unix-likedesktop system based entirely on freesoftware.
It is part of the GNU projectand part of the OpenSource movement.noun U [6] a freelydistributed portable Unix compatiblesoftware systemnoun U [16]abbreviation for general packet radioservicenoun C [16, 20]abbreviation for global positioningsystemnoun C [9] an electronicdevice that uses slider controls toadjust the frequency response of anaudio systemnoun C [6, 7, 21] the part of anoperating system that allows the userto interact with a computer usinggraphic images and a cursornoun U [6] a Unix commandfor searching through one or more textfiles for a specific text stringnoun C [7] acronym forgraphical user interfaceverb [6, 20, 23] to gainunauthorised access to a networksystemnoun C [18, 20] askilled programmer who attempts togain unauthorised access to a networksystemadj [11]able to transfer data in both directionsbut only in one direction at a time, i.
e.210GLOSSARYdata can be transmitted or received butnot at the same timenounC [1, 7, 16] a small portable computerthat can be held in one handverb [17] to suddenly andunexpectedly stop processing duringthe execution of a programnoun C [1, 2, 5, 8, 15, 17, 18, 19] a commonmagnetic storage device that readsand writes data on metal disks inside asealed casenoun U[1, 5, 6, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24] thephysical components of a computersystemnoun C [2] thepart of a disk drive that reads andwrites data to the disknoun C [11, 13] the firstsection of a message that containsinformation about the content andtransmission of the message includingthe sending and destination addressesnoun C [23]sound output device that fits over theears of the usernoun C [12, 22] a telephoneservice for helping users solveproblems that occur on computersystemsnoun U [19] a system of automaticallymoving files to different storage mediadepending on how often the files areused, i.
e. the least used files aregradually archived. The less a file isused the more difficult it becomes toaccess it in the archive.noun C [8] a set of computer programswith a wide variety of complex featuresnoun U [5] a Britishcollege qualification that can begained through part-time or full-timestudy. It is usually obtained beforestudying for an HND.noun U [5] a British collegequalification that usually requires aperiod of full-time study. It is moreadvanced than an HNC and not asadvanced as a degree.noun C [21] a programminglanguage closer to human languagethan low-level computer languagessuch as machine code or assemblylanguagenoun C [12] a computerprogram written using a high-levellanguageverb [10, 15] to selectby marking on the display screennoun U [18] acomputer crime that involvesredirecting anyone trying to visit acertain website elsewherenoun U [22]abbreviation for Higher NationalCertificatenoun U [22]abbreviation for Higher NationalDiplomanoun C [13]the button icon on a Web browserprogram that takes you to the startingwebpagenoun C [20] themain start page of a websitenoun C [13, 18] a computerthat provides a service on a network /a program that carries a virusverb [2] to attach adevice to a system without switchingthe system off and without causingproblems to the systemverb [7] to hold a cursorover an icon for a short period of timenoun U [19]abbreviation for hierarchical storagemanagementnoun U [6, 13, 14,16, 21, 22, 25] abbreviation for hypertextmarkup language.
A page descriptionlanguage that uses a system of tagsfor creating web pages.noun C [11, 15] an electronicdevice at the centre of a star networktopologynoun C [23] arobot with human characteristicsnoun C [7, 13, 20] atext or image in a webpage that causesa related webpage to be displayed oranother program to be started whenthe user clicks on the hyperlink usingthe mousenoun U[14, 16, 21] a page description languagethat has a set of tags that can beinserted into a document to make it actas a webpage.
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