01-04-2020-3rd Edition ML Pre-Int(1) (1171843), страница 46
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Risk-taltingmay be seen in a different way, so it may take longer to make decisions.Attitudes to time are also important, not only in relation to things likedeadlines, but how long- or short-term the thinking is. Business deals couldtake a very long time. One further point is about the status of a person.Remember, status may be linked to age or connections rather than simplytalent or ability.Overall, it's clear to me that when people talk about cultural problems, theyare usually in these areas. They're not language problems. They are to dowith misunderstandings of behaviour caused by attitudes and values whicharc different and may be difficult to understand.To sum up, the most important thing when doing business with othercultures is to be more aware ofyour own culture. What is normal for youmay seem strange to people from other cultures.
As well as thinking aboutyour own culture, the final tips 1 can give are to be sensitive, to try andnotice things and be flexible in your approach. You can't hope to covereverything, but with a little bit of research, an open mind and an awarenessof your own culture, you can go far. Thank you and good luck!166Scanned for Agus Suwanto•••adjective (adj.) Headwords for adjectives followedby information in square brackets, e.g. [only before anoun] and [not before a noun}, show any restrictions onwhere they can be used.noun (n.) The codes [C) and [U] show whether a noun, ora particular sense of a noun, is countable (an agenda,two agendas) o r uncountable (awareness, branding) .Note that some nouns in the examples are used as partof a noun phrase.verb (v.) The forms of irregular verbs are given afterthe headword. The codes [I] (intransitive) and [T](transitive) show whether a verb, or a particular senseof a verb, has or does not have an object.
Phrasal verbs(phr. v.) are shown after the verb they are related towhere applicable.accident n. [C) If something happens by accident, no oneplanned it or expected it to happen.Most of the best ideas are discovered by accident.achieve v. to succeed in doing or getting somethingyou wantThe jacket could achieve its sales target with a newmarketing approach.advertising n. [U] th e business of advertising things ontelevision, in newspapers, etc.I'll explain how we can communicate with people throughour advertising and promotion.advice n.
[U] when you suggest what someone should doWhat advice would you give to someone starting theirown business in your country?agency n. [C) a business that arranges services for peopleAn advertising agency is a business which advisescompanies on advertising and makes ads.agree v. to have the same opinion as someone elseI agreed with her that we need to change ourmarketing strategy.appear v.
to become widely available or known aboutHow often will the magazine appear?argument n. [C] 1 If you have an argument with someone,you shout or say angry things to them because you donot agree with them.What would you do if you saw two colleagues having anargument?2 the reasons that you give to show that something isright or wrongI want to hear all the arguments for and against theoffer before we make a decision.arrange v. to make plans so that something can happenI arranged a meeting with the fin ance department todiscuss the project.attendance n.
[U] when you go to a meeting, school,church, etc.She was warned about her poor attendance and time·keeping.attractive adj. If something is attractive, people wantto see it, go to it or have it.There could be attractive investment opportunitiesover the next five years.available adj. I f something is available, you can buy it,use it or have it.The collar is available in many different styles and fabrics.balance n.
[C] singular when you give the right amountof attention to two different things, rather than givingtoo much attention to one of themWhat is a good work-life balance for you?behave v. to do or say things in a particular wayBehave as though nothing has happened.behaviour n.
[U]Your behaviour is the way that you act or dothings.Certain standards of behaviour are expected at work.aim n. [C) something that you want to do o r getWhat are the aims of the new magazine?behind prep., adv. responsible for something that hashappenedThomas Geissler is the German businessman behindthe machines.ambitious adj. determined to be successful or powerfulLuke is ambitious and does not want to be a salesassistant all his life.best-selling adj. bought by many peopleNestle makes many of the world's best-selling foodproducts.appeal n. [C]the quality of something that makes youlike it or want itCreate an event with universal appeal to a potentiallyhighly diverse audience.bill n.
[C] a list of things that you have bought o r thatsomeone has done for you, showing how much youhave to pay for themAsk for the bill.appeal v. If something appeals to you, you like it.It needs to appeal to people living and workingin cities, as well as to outdoor enthusiasts.body language n. [U] changes in your body position andmovements that show what you are feeling or thinkingPay attention to the other side's body language.167Scanned for Agus SuwantoGLOSSARYbonus n. {C) money that is added to someone's usual payWe are willing to reward staff with attractiveperformance-based bonuses.boost v.
to increase the value or amount of somethingThe badge boosts sales ofthe product.brand n. [C) a product that a particular company makesIts brand is well known in japan and in the United States.break n. {C) I f you take a break, you stop what you are doingfor a short time in order to rest o r eat.Some people take a career break to do somethingadventurous.budget n. {C) an amount of money that is available, or acareful plan of how to spend an amount of moneyIf you had an unlimited budget, what would be includedin your dream corporate-hospitality package?bully v.
to frighten o r threaten to hurt someone who issmaller or weaker than youWhat would you do ifyou saw a colleague bullyinganother colleague?bureaucracy n. {U] an official system that annoys andconfuses people because it has too many rulesThe government is making a renewed effort to reducebureaucracy.call n. {C) a telephone conversationWould you like me to give him a call first?campaign n.
{C} a number of things that people do in orderto get a particular result, especially people in businessor governmentTell your partner about a marketing campaign thatimpressed you.career n. {C) a job or profession that you do for a longtime, especially one in which you can move to a higherpositionDo you have a career plan? Where do you want to bein 10 years' time?commission n. [C) money that a person or organisation ispaid when they sell somethingThe average sales executive expects to earn between£25-35k, including bonuses and commission, in theirfirst year of work.communication n. [U} when people talk to each other o r giveeach other information using letters, telephones, etc.Communication was better in Geraldine's companythan Ruby's.company n. {C) an organisation that makes o r sells thingsWould you prefer to work for several different companies?competition n.
[C) a situation in which people ororganisations compete with each otherThere is very strong competition in the USadvertising industry.competitive adj. determined to be more successful thanother peopleWe are a highly competitive business.confidence n. [U] belief in your ability to do things wellThis confidence in his products is typical ofMr Kashio.confident adj.
sure that you can do something wellYou must sound and appear confident.conflict n. [C) a disagreement or fightingHow good are you at managing conflict?consider v. to think about something carefully, especiallybefore deciding what to doThe business owner has additional pressures to consider.consumer n. [C) someone who buys things o r uses aservice that a company providesDina Conti manufactures and distributes ice creamto consumers in the state of California.contact n.
[C) someone whose name or e-mail addressis stored on your phone, computer, etc.Do you have any contacts in ... ?carry out phr. v. to do something that has been plannedand organised, or that someone has told you to doI think we should carry out a survey.contract n. [C) a formal written agreement between twopeople, companies, etc.We'll sign the contract now.cashflow n. {U] the movement of money coming into abusiness as income and going out as wages, materials, etc.Increased production and strong demand have had apositive effect on our cashflow.cover v.
to include somethingGood, I think we've covered everything.catch v. to not hear o r understand what someone saysSorry, I didn't catch that.CEO n. {C} Chief Executive Officer: the person with the mostauthority in a large companyIt has set up a special committee to look for a new CEO.client n. {C) someone who pays a person or organisationfor a service or adviceThe job involves dealing with clients and their needs.comment v. to give your opinion about someone or somethingCould I just comment on that?credit n. [U] a system in which you receive things and pay forthem laterWe'll give you 90 days ' credit.customer n.
[C} someone who buys things from a shop o rcompanyThe customer database does not produce reliable results.deadline n. [C) a date or time by which you mustfinish somethingWhat deadlines do you have to meet in your daily life?deal v. If you deal with a problem, you do something tomake sure the problem no longer exists.How would you deal with these problems?168Scanned for Agus SuwantoGlOSSARYdelegate v.
to give part of your power or work to someonein a lower position than youDelegate to a deputy as often as possible.facilities n. [C) (plural) rooms, equipment or services that areavailable in a placeThe sports centre has great facilities.deliver v. to take something such as a letter or a packageto a placeWe could possibly deliver by late August.fall n. [C) singular when a n amount or level becomesless or lowerA recent fall in profits has disappointed themanagement.demand n.
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