01-04-2020-3rd Edition ML Pre-Int(1) (1171843), страница 11
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This wasfo l l o wed by pressure on cashflowssro65(26%), competitor activities ( 2 1 %)and heavy workload ( 1 9% ) . A l e xMacBeath comments, "The causes ofworkplace stress can be put into threedistinct group - economic, businessand personal. An employee may placemore i mportance on personal clementss u c h as t h e i r work-l i fe balance.The business owner has additionalpressures to consider."T h e survey a l so found a l i n kbetween stress levels and the numbero f clays taken off by an individual in ayear.
Countries at the top of the stressleague are those where businessowners . o n average, take fewerholidays each year.adapted from http:/ /www.grantthorntonibos.comIIRead the whole article and answer these questions.1What is the difference between these groups of countries in terms of reasonsfor high-level stress?a) China, Vietnam, Mexico, India and Turkeyb) Ireland, Spain and G reecellJ2According to Alex MacBeath, how do business leaders experience stressdifferently in China and Ireland?3What are the four major causes of workplace stress?4According to Alex MacBeath, what three types of pressure are there?Look at this list of countries.VietnamSwedenDenmarkMexicoChinaFinlandIn which countries do business owners take:1fewer holidays?2more holidays?(You will need information from paragraphs 1, 2 and 5.)IJI n pairs, discuss these questions.1What are the additional pressures that business owners might have?2Should companies do more to reduce stress at work? What could they do?3How many days' holiday per year do you think people should get?47Scanned for Agus SuwantoUNIT 5....STRESSAnswer the q uestions in brackets about the sentences in italics.LANGUAGE REVIEWPast simple andpresent perfect1She has worked in Paris for five years.
(Does she work in Paris now?)2She worked in Hong Kong for three years. (Does she work in Hong Kong now?)Which sentence above (1 or 2) uses the past simple? Which uses the present perfect?We use the past simple to:•talk about completed actions that happened in the past.Larry Page and Sergey Brin created Google in January 1996.•refer to a definite moment or period in the past.I spoke to her on Tuesday.The present perfect connects the past and the present.
We use the present perfect to:•talk about past actions that affect us now.The boss has just given her a pay rise, and she's very pleased.•talk about life experiences.I've worked with many companies where stress was a problem.•announce recent news.Coca·Cola has just confirmed it has dropped Wayne Rooney.C) Grammar reference page 145l3Cross out the incorrect sentence in each pair.1a) Stress levels have increased in recent years.b)2StresslevelsiRereasediRreeeRty·ears.a) The finance sector changed dramatically over the past five years.b) The finance sector has changed dramatically over the past five years.3a) The risk factors for stress have risen significantly since 2009.b) The risk factors for stress rose significantly since 2009.4 a) I resigned three months ago.b)5Ihave resigned three months ago.a) Have you ever been to a stress counsellor before?b) Did you ever go to a stress counsellor before?1!1Write the time expressions from the box in the correct column of this chart.Past simplePresent perfecttwo year� a9o�o farse-fafho·eye ever in 2009 yet just yesterday for the past two weeksearsagalready never last Friday during the 1990s in the last few days since 2005when I was at universityNow talk about your life using the time expressions.BThe present perfect is often followed by more detailed information in thepast simple.
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about these subjects.•attend a conference•travel abroad on business•be late for an important meeting•make a presentation•make a telephone call in English•go on a training courseEXAMPLE:A Have yov ever travelled abroad Ofl bv�ifle��?A Where did yov 90?B: Ye�1 I haVe.B: Fra"kfvrt I Wefltthere three year� a9o1 Ofl a �ale� trip.48Scanned for Agus SuwantoUNIT 5 .... STRESSParticipating indiscussionsfJmBliJIJYou are going to hear three members of the human resources department ofa transportation company discussing ways of improving the staff's healthand fitness.
What ways do you think they will mention?�l)) (01.47 Listen to the conversation and check your answers.�ll) CD1.47 The speakers use several expressions to make suggestions.Listen to the conversation again and complete the gaps in these sentences.1Well, I think . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . carry out a survey, find out why the staff are so stressed .. .2I have another idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . we encourage staff to keep fit? . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . paying their subscription to a gym?3We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . more staff for them, give them an assistant.4Well, it might be a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to set up a counselling service .. .5. . . . . . . . . . . . meet tomorrow, same time, and try to come up with a plan ...�ll) CD1.48 At the next meeting, the team discusses plans for staff to attenda local sports centre. Listen and tiel< the expressions they use in theirconversation. Then write 'A' if the expression shows agreement or '0' if it showsdisagreement.1Mm, I don't know.2I t would be popular, but it could be expensive.3I think I agree with you.4OK, but we can solve it.
The sports centre has great facilities ..5Exactly. It would really help staff to be more healthy ...6I'm not in agreement, Danielle. It isn't a great idea.7I still think it's a good idea. It's well worth trying..Work in pairs. You work in the human resources department of a largecompany. Discuss how you would deal with these problems. Useexpressions from the Useful language box below to help you.1More and more staff are taking medicine, e.g. anti-depressants, because they feel highlystressed at work. They are often sick, or pretend they are sick, and take days off work.2Many employees feel uncertain about their jobs and careers in the company.They worry about the future.
They are constantly anxious and don't sleep well.3Some staff are stressed because they feel they have no control over their work andthey don't participate in decisions. They say they feel 'worthless' and are not valuedby management.U S E F U L LANGUAGEMAKING SUGGESTIONSI think we should carry out asurvey.Why don't we encourage staffto keep fit?How about paying for theirsubscription to a gym?It might be a good idea to setup a counselling service.DISAGREEINGGIVING OPINIONSAGREEINGWe've got to do somethingabout it.I suppose we could do that.Mmm, I don't know.I think I agree with you.I can't agree with you there.I think we should definitelypay staff's subscriptions.It would be popular, but itcould be expensive.It'd cost a lot, and attendancewould be difficult to monitor.Yeah, you're right.I'm not sure it's a good idea.Exactly.I still think it's a good idea.I'm afraid that's out of thequestion because ...Good.
I Excellent idea. IGreat.I completely agree.49Scanned for Agus SuwantoBackgroundDavies-Miller is a large advertising agency on Madison Avenue in New York. It hasexpanded rapidly in recent years and has a number of famous companies as its clients.There is very strong competition in the US advertising industry. Agencies compete towin new contracts or take clients away from their rivals.
Advertising staff are well paid,but they work long hours. They worry about job security and become anxious if theircompany loses an important client.Recently, Davies-Miller lost two of its major accounts. This had a significant effect o nthe employees. The agency decided t o carry out a survey o f the staff's opinions abouttheir working conditions.
It showed that 65% of staff felt 'highly stressed' in their jobs.Discuss how the high levels of stress could affect the performance of the agency.Listen to I read on page 51 about four incidents at Davies-Miller which involvedstress. In each case, note down briefly the key points of each incident.Scanned for Agus Suwanto21UNIT 5 �� STRESSBirgitte,jam es,Sch edule Coo rdinatorAccount Executive,.ll) CD1.49 Jessi caParker, a junio racco unt executive,calls Shei la Murray inthe huma n resourcestdepa rtme nt from Rio de Janei ro, Braz il, abouatingher boss , Jame s. They are curre ntly negoti.an i m po rt an t contr act with a clien t there3J uliana, Art DirectorExtract from an e-mailsent to Head of H RS��mary of an interview withBrrgrtte by a memberof staff (HR)Birgitte regul ates theflow ofwork, coord inates schedulingand prepa res costestim atesAcco rding to he r, sheis stres� e dbeca use she is ofteninterrupt edat work by visitsfrom othe rmemb ers of staff.She beli evesthere is too much..gossip ing in the office, whrch stops her fromdoing her work.She says that her super.visor favo urs c : rtammemb ers o f staffand does not want to.send h er on trarnmg courses ..She lrves a long way.from work .
Be causeof thrs, she gets backhom e very late andhas no t 'rme to relax.I have no timeI've never been under such pressure in my work since I joined the agency.impossiblemeettotryingtimemyallto listen to the problems of my colleagues. I spendtoo manyforcompetingWe're.ExecutivesAccountthefordeadlines to produce designsw?n't helpItagency.theofpolicythedunderstandon'tjustIproblem.thecontracts, that'sme. Somet1mes Ito hire more staff. Most of the creative ideas in the agency come fromworried because thewonder if they want me to leave and bring in someone younger. I'mI get back home.whenrelaxtoseemcan'tIsituation's beginning to affect my health.4Jolant a, Assistant to Art DirectorPart of an informal conversation between )olanta and a member of the HR depart ment"I'll be looking for anothe r job soon.
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