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Zamane, 20.07.2013. [Electronicresource]. — Mode of access: https://www.radiozamaneh.com/84748314See: RUL: http://www.irna.ir/fa/News/8236442191“Society of Women of the Islamic Republic” with the presence of ZahraMostafavi Khomeini, the daughter of the founder of Islamic Republic of Iran: thisfemale organization was founded and opened in 1984 by a group of women whoparticipated in social and political activities before and after the IslamicRevolution. Most members of this society were educated or held/holdgovernmental and academic positions, such as Zahra Mostafavi, MarziyehHadidchi (Dabbagh), Rubabeh Rafiee Tari (Fayyazbakhsh), Fatemeh Iranmanesh,Seddiqeh Moqaddasi, Qodsiyeh Firuzan, and Sohayla Jelodarzadeh.“The Society of Zaynab (s)” with the presence of Marziyeh Vahid Dastjerdi,the first female minister in the Islamic Republic of Iran under the government ofMahmoud Ahmadinejad: the society was founded in 1986 during the Iran-IraqWar.
It primarily aimed to help the families of martyrs and warriors. Its formationat the same time as the formation of the Society of Women of the Islamic Republicindicates the active presence of women in the society in mid-1980s in the midst ofthe war. Maryam Behruzi, the general secretary of this Society of Zaynab saysabout its formation: “the Society of Zaynab (s) is the largest women party withover quarter a century of political, cultural, ideological, and social background inthe Islamic Republic of Iran. Marziyeh Vahid Dastjerdi, the first woman ministerin the Islamic Republic of Iran was a main member of the Society of Zaynab”.“Islamic Assembly of Women” with the presence of Fatemeh Karroubi, thewife of the former parliament speaker of Iran and a well-known social and culturalactivist in Iran: it was founded after receiving permission from the InteriorMinistry on December 27, 1998.
Fatemeh Karroubi has been the general secretaryof the party since its formation. She served as the representative of the fifth Majlisof the Islamic Council as well. The activities of this organization includeeducational activities, political campaigns, and roles in elections.“Society for Supporting Women’s Human Rights” with ShahindokhtMowlaverdi as its general secretary: she was the Deputy of the President inWomen and Family Affairs in the first term of Hassan Rouhani’s presidency. The92society was established in 2000 and it aims at the identification, introduction,elaboration and illustration of human rights and women’s duties in accordancewith the principle of justice from an Islamic viewpoint.
It also attempts at thepromotion of women’s human position in the family, and aims at the conscious,expertly and influential participation of Iranian women in international assembliesand events. It also aims at helping protect all the human rights for women,assisting them to have intellectual, cultural and political progress, and theelimination of all forms of discrimination, injustice, and violence against women.“Society of Muslim Forward-Thinking Women”: according to AzarMansouri, a member of its central council, the society began its work since 1997.This social and cultural organization was founded in order to institutionalize theall-inclusive participation of women in social affairs.
It also aimed at thefacilitation of their presence within the government, preparations for the promotionof the position of women in the family and the society, and the critique of availablelaws regarding women rights in order to improve their condition and help themachieve their true rights in Islam.“Party of the Women of the Islamic Republic”: its title is similar to a womanorganization which was established immediately after the Islamic Revolution inIran. It was founded in 2006 by Fatemeh Aliya as its secretary general. She was arepresentative in the Majlis of the Islamic Council.
This is a social organizationand a conservative (rightist) political party focused on women and family with anemphasis on their awareness and cultural insightfulness.“Assembly of Reformist Women” chaired by Zahra Shojaee, the head of theCenter for the Participation of Women in the reformist government of MohammadKhatami: it began its work informally about 10 years before by a group of womenwho were former administrators and representatives of Majlis. In 2016, it receivedits permission to be registered as the last women organization until 2016.
ZahraShojaee takes the organization to be non-profit and non-governmental which aims93at the expansion of women’s political participation in the framework of the lawswith a reformist approach, believing in the general fate of the society. Sheemphasizes that reformist women who are members of this society do not believein isolation or individual activity; they believe that if the fate of the society is leftto righteous people, it will enjoy blessings.There are other social and cultural organizations whose secretary generalsare women and are focused on women and family affairs with the aim of makingeffects on the currents course of events in the society.
They include Society ofWomen of the Islamic Revolution, Islamic Society of Women, Society of WomenFollowing the Path of Lady Zahra (s), and Center of the Information Exchange ofWomen, Islamic Society of Women in Isfahan, Society of Messenger Women,Society of Muslim Women, and Society of Women Following Lady Zaynab (s)315.As pointed out before, all these cultural and social organizations accept thelaws of the Islamic Republic of Iran and act in a peaceful way and in some limitedcases, they act with slight tensions which are compatible with culturally andsocially accepted values in lines with their cultural and social, and in particular,gender-related, goals.Some women in the Islamic Republic of Iran had remarkable activitieswithout being in a particular organization and only through the press andnewspapers316.
Zan (woman) newspaper was a pioneer in this regard, which wasfounded by Faezeh Hashemi, the daughter of Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, anoutstanding politician and religious scholar who was close to the founder of theIslamic Republic of Iran. The newspaper was published from July 8, 1998 untilApril 6, 1999. It exhibited a feminist and reformist approach and aimed atdefending women’s social and cultural activities.
However, it was shut down firstin February 1999 for two weeks and then permanently on April 6 because of its315See: http://www.irna.ir/fa/News/82364421.71-38 صص،2977 ،92 شماره، اندیشه جامعه، ف منیسم اسالمی در نگاهی به روزنامه زن و مجله زنان،احمدی خراسانی نوشین316Ahmadi Khorasani N. Islamic Feminism with a Look at Zan Newspaper and Zanan Magazine, Andisheh Jame’eh,vol. 34, 1998. pp.
68-70.94criticism of the Islamic hijab, its support for feminism, publishing a cartoonagainst women’s diya (blood money), and a piece of news about Farah Pahlavi thewife of the last Shah of Iran.Zanan, the monthly magazine which was first published in February 1992and lasted until January 2008, (totally 152 issues), was founded by Shahla Sherkatas its responsible director. She was active in informing women in reformist andopen-minded ways.
Its certificate was revoked with an appeal to the 24th principleof the Constitution and the act 6 of the Press Laws and the approval of the 298meeting of the Higher Council of the National Security of Iran on November 19,1997 according to the votes of the members of the supervising board of therpess317.After the shutdown of Zanan monthly magazine and the victory of HassanRouhani in the presidential elections, Shahla Sherkat received permission forZanan-e Emruz monthly magazine in June 2014. According to the website of themagazine, Zanan-e Emruz is a specialized and independent periodical regardingwomen issues, having no association with any political party.
It is active in social,cultural, scientific, literary, and artistic domains in order to inform women in thesefields. After a short 6-month suspension on April 27, 2015, the magazine continuesto be released until the present day318.In addition to these, there are many scientific, specialized and academicperiodicals which are published in Iran by institutes and universities, such asPazhuheshname-ye Zanan, Zan va Jame’eh, Motale’at-e Zan va Khanevadeh, Zandar Towse’eh va Siyasat, Zan dar Farhang va Honar, Motale’at-e Rahbordi-yeZanan,ZanvaMotale’at-eKhanevadeh,Motale’at-eZanan-ePazhuheshname-ye Eslami-ye Zanan va Khanevadeh, and the like319.318319See: http://zananemrooz.com/See : https://rppc.msrt.ir/file/download/download/1512883528-96.pdfIran,95In addition to paper publications, there are various online contents regardingcultural and social issues of women, such as the biweekly Zanestan, Kanun-eZanan-e Irani and Dokht-e Iran.The biweekly, Zanestan, began its work in 2005 as the first online magazineregarding specialized issues of women.
So far, 33 issues of the magazine havebeen published, but in November 2007, it received a warning from the court of theinternet chamber of the Ministry of Culture and Guidance because of problems inits legal registration, and so it was closed until further notice320.The Center for Iranian Women, with Jila Bani Yaqub as its editor in chief, isanother online magazine which defends human rights in general, and women rightsin particular. Its editor in chief won the “courage in journalism award” in 2009 bythe International Foundation of the Media of World Women.
This website was alsoblocked at the order of judicial officials because of problems in its legalregistration, and on March 30, 2007, its contents were completely deleted321. Theonline monthly magazine, Dokht-e Iran, began its activities on March 5, 2008 andreleased its 64th issue on March 24, 2015, but it was shut down by its publishers forunknown reasons322.It seems that there are still legal problems for publishing contents online andthe registration of internet websites for cultural and social activities of women inIran, and there is no obvious prospect for its future.With an examination of the historical course of cultural developments ofIranian women, it is now known that in the periods before the Qajar era andinternational relationships, Iranian women were vastly uninformed and faced manysocial obstacles for social and cultural contributions.
However, in the Qajar era,coincident with the French Revolution, the challenge between the tradition andmodernity began sparkling women's cultural and social developments. The spread320See: https://www.balatarin.com/permlink/2007/11/14/1173140See:http://webna.ir/3935/%d8%b3%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%87%da%a9%d8%b4%d8%af322See: http://www.dokhtiran.com/archive/?page=all32196of the press and organizations concerning women and the return of people who hadstudied abroad as well as the Constitutional Movement of Iran led to more andmore changes in the condition of Iranian women and their increasing acquisition ofsocial positions.
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