Диссертация (1146738), страница 33
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Use only one word foreach space. Write the word on your answer sheet. Прочитайте текст. Впишите пропущенные слова в ответный бланк подсоответствующими номерами. Под каждым номером можно записывать только однослово.The Horse in ArtThere is little doubt that (0) …….of the chief roles of the horse in art, just (60)……. in life, is thatof our servant and companion. We can have very little idea of (61)…....
a horse feels in its naturalstate. Left to itself, (62)………is unlikely that it would pull a plough, take a soldier (63)……. adangerous situation in battle, (64)……..do most of the other things that have attracted painters andwriters to the animal ever (65)…….the dawn of history.The horse is controlled (66)……the wishes of its owner.
When we describe it, we say it has(67)…….virtues and qualities we most admire in ourselves and it is the symbol (68)…….thesequalities that it has so often (69)…….praised by painters and poets. Then we must consider the horse’sown beauty, speed and strength. (70)…….truth, the picture we (71)………most frequently moved by,in both art and literature, is actually a single image that combines all the advantages of the animal andits rider. An outstanding example of (72)……. is provided by the school of sculpture and painting in(73) …..the authority and personality of individuals is emphasized by the (74)…….that they are onhorseback.Part 5 Read the texts below and choose the correct word for each space. For each question, mark theletter next to correct word – A, B, C or D on your answer sheet. Прочитайте текст и выберите из предлагаемых вариантов слово, которое былопропущено.
Для каждого вопроса на вашем ответном бланке обведите в кружок однуиз букв A, B, C или D , соответствующую правильному ответу.Radio WavesRadio waves travel about one million times as fast as sound waves. Do you know that soundwaves (75)……..…… air to carry them? Radio waves do not need air or anything (76)………..to carrythem.
They travel through space in all directions and go through walls, ceilings, and floors (77)……..the speed of 186,000 miles per second. They could go (78)………here to the Moon and back inless than three seconds. We cannot see, hear, or feel them, and they are everywhere.And there are all kinds of radio waves. Some vibrate at 700,000 times per second, and othersvibrate at more than a million times per second. The number of vibrations per second is calledfrequency.The different radio stations all (79)..………the world are sending out all the time such radiowaves, and (80)………..station has a different wave frequency. The numbers on your radio set tell youthe frequency, and you can find different stations with their help.75.76.77.78.79.80.AAAAAAneededmoreonfromaboutsuchBBBBBBneedextraatout ofineachCCCCCCare neededelsewithoffforanotherDDDDDDneedsmoreoverbyofoversome181Part 6READINGRead the text and questions below.
For each question, mark the letter next to the correctanswer – A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.Прочитайте текст и вопросы к нему. Для каждого вопроса на вашем ответномбланке обведите в кружок букву A, B, C или D, соответствующую правильному ответу.Why Does Milk Boil Over?When any liquid boils, parts of it are changed into a hot gas. This is much lighter than the liquidin which it is formed. It rises to the top as a bubble bursts giving off the gas into the air. When abubble formed at the bottom rises through the liquid unbroken until it reaches the top and bursts there,we say that the liquid is boiling.In the case of water, which is all made of one thing, there is nothing to prevent the bubble fromreaching the top of the boiling water there.
So, though the surface is raised everywhere for a momentby bubbles, which have half freed themselves, the water does not usually boils over. But milk is amixture of many different things, some of which can boil and some cannot. What really boils in themilk is the water, which makes up the greater part of it.At least one of the things in the milk turns solid and forms a skin on the top of the heated milk.This skin is made of one of the valuable proteins of milk, and it is great waist not to eat it. When thebubbles of water-gas reach the surface, they find themselves imprisoned by the skin and lift it up, ashot air lifts a toy balloon. Then we say the milk boils over.
If we stir it carefully, we may prevent this.1. We say that liquid is boiling whenA bubbles filled with hot gas get to the surface of the liquid and burst giving off the gas intothe airB bubbles with hot gas are much lighter than the substance in which they are formedC bubbles are formed at the bottom of the liquidD the liquid is rich with bubbles2. Milk is a mixture of different substances,A all of which are boiling when the milk is boilingB while water is homogeneousC so nothing can prevent bubbles from bursting in itD that’s why it boils over as well as water does3. The skin on the top of the heated milkA prevents the liquid from boiling overB can’t be useful for manC is formed by solid parts of itD let the bubbles go away from the surface of the liquid182Part 7You are going to read a newspaper article about computers. Choose from the list (A- I) thesentence which best summarises each part (1-7) of the article.
There is one extra sentencewhich you don’t need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answerson the answer sheet.Прочитайте газетную статью о компьютерах. Из списка утверждений в рамке (A-I)выберите те, которые лучше всего отражают содержание каждого отрывка (1-7) изстатьи. Одно из этих утверждений – лишнее, и его не нужно использовать.
Ответывписывайте в ответный бланк, где дан образец ответа (0).A It is uncertain whether computers should take the credit for whatthey can do.B The next computers may operate in a similar way to the humanbeing.C Human beings are not necessary in some situations.D It is unlikely that computers will ever completely replace humanbeings.E Computers can perform better than a human brain.F Computers have more accurate memories than human beings.G Human beings and computers use different methods to decide whatthey should do.H There are certain things a computer must be able to do before it canbe called ‘intelligent’.IThe expectations of what computers can do have changed over theyears.1830Machines which seems to think have become aregular feature of our lives.
Tasks that 20 yearsago would have been unthinkable are nowsimple for quite basic computers.5One important difference between computersand the human brain is that computers rely on‘serial processing’. The fact that a computermay be able to win a complex game like chesssimply reflects its ability to look at numerouspossible series of moves at rapid speed and to‘learn’ not to make losing moves. While thisdoes show advanced programming, it does notshow that the computer is learningindependently of its programming and does nottherefore show that it is intelligent.
Quite apartfrom its ability to be influenced by theenvironment, the human brain differs fromeven the most advanced computer in that itoperates with so-called ‘parallel processing’,doing several things at once.1The most complex computers can boastremarkable achievements. Automatic pilots flyjumbo jets, and at the most sophisticatedairports as Heathrow even the largest jets can6now land in zero visibility, relying entirely oncomputers.Sir Clive Sinclair, one of the original computerexperts, is convinced that parallel processingprograms for computers will be with us soon,2Chess is another field where the machine’s and that this will totally change society.
Withadvances go far beyond mankind’s. The most parallel processing, computers would beadvanced computers are now a match for all expected to ‘learn’ better from theirbut the very best players and it won’t be long experiences and perhaps, be able to pass on thebefore they will be capable of beating the fruits of such learning to other computers, eachin turn becoming more advanced. Thus couldchampions.be born a generation of computers able to offerat least a more realistic attempt at intelligence.3But is it enough for us to describe thesemachines as intelligent, or are their7achievements in reality just a success for thescientists who have programmed them to Robots are already able to do all sorts ofperform a series of tasks rapidly and repetitive tasks currently performed by humanbeings. But the effective control remains withefficiently?the human brain.
No computer has yet beeninvented which can cope with the details of4Different people use the term ‘artificial human language. And the idea of an artificialintelligence’ to mean different things. But intelligence with a sense of humour and abefore it can be argued successfully that we are conscience still seems a faraway dream. If,in the presence of an artificial intelligence, we however, one was to believe in the faith ofhave to prove that a machine can – as a scientists working in the field of artificialminimum – ‘learn’ from the environment, intelligence, one would have to suspect thatdreams just could become reality.independently of its programmer..
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