Константинов Н.А., Лалин В.В., Лалина И.И. - Расчёт статически определимых стержневых систем с использованием SCAD (1061793), страница 21
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ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɜɚɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɦɵɲɢ.ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ (ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ),ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ ɋɯɟɦɚ.Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢɋɯɟɦɚ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɵɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ.ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯɫɯɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɚɥɨɤ, ɪɚɦ ɢ ɮɟɪɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ 7 – 9.121ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ ɜɢɞ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɭɡɟɥ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɟɣɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ, ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɟɣ (ɫɦ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,ɪɢɫ.
3.1, ɛ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɦɵ).ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦ ɜɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ.ȼɜɨɞ ɭɡɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɍɡɥɵ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ«ɍɡɥɵ». ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɞɥɹɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ«ȼɜɨɞɭɡɥɨɜ».ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɡɟɥɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ «Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ». ȼ) ɜ ɩɨɥɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ (ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɟɨɤɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɡɥɚ, ɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ- ɧɨɦɟɪ ɭɡɥɚ.Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ,ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ.ȼɜɨɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɜɨɞ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɍɡɥɵ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭɢ ɧɚɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ«Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ».ɂɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɡɥɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɛɵɬɶ ɭɡɥɨɦ 1 (ɩɨ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ), ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɥɟɜɭɸɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɦɵɲɢ.ɇɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɞɨ ɭɡɥɚ 2 (ɩɨ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ). Ɉɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɢ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ.ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ122«ɇɨɦɟɪɚɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ», ɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɫɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɢ X1 ɛɭɞɟɬɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ 2 (ɫɦ. ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸɫɯɟɦɭ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.1) ɨɫɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɭɡɥɚ 2 ɤ ɭɡɥɭ 3.Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɦɚɯ ɫɥɟɜɚɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ.ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɦɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɫɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɜɢɞ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.10, ɛ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ.2.2. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ.ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɟɝɨ ɬɢɩ (ɢɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɧɟɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ), ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ.ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭɈɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨɱɚɫɬɶ).ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ«ɋɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ» ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ (ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɧɚɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɬɢɩ 2 «ɋɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ»).ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɨɤɧɚ.
Ʉɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɢɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ.Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ.Ʉɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɇɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɥɟɜɚɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɦɵɲɢ (ɫɥɵɲɢɬɫɹ ɳɟɥɱɨɤ). Ʌɢɧɢɹ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ,123ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ.ɇɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ «ɈɄ». ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɢ (ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ) ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɟȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɢɯɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɨɤɧɚȼɵɛɨɪ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ʉɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.2.3. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 3.6.ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɵ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.2.4. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣɋɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɠɟɫɬɤɢɦ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɭɡɟɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦɭɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ.Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ) ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ«ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ» ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɋɜɹɡɢ.ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ(ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ)ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɞɥɹɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ (6 ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ 6 ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ).ȼ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɫɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ X, Y, Z ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɡɥɚɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ.ɋɜɹɡɢ UX, UY, UZ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɡɥɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɨɜɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ.ȼ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ XOZ, ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɢɫɜɹɡɢ:ɫɜɹɡɶ X ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɡɥɚ ɨɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɢ X;124ɫɜɹɡɶ Z ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɡɥɚ ɨɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɢ Z;ɫɜɹɡɶ UY ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɡɥɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɫɢ Y.ȼ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɭɡɟɥ 1 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɫɦ.
ɪɢɫ. 6.1)ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ X ɢ Z ɢ ɈɄ.ɉɨɞɜɨɞɢɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɤ ɭɡɥɭ 1 ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɦɵɲɢ. ɇɚ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ,ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ.ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦ ɜɜɨɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɈɄ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɡɟɥ ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɡɟɥ ɫɨ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ.ɧɚɠɚɬɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹȺɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ Z ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 3, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.
6.1).ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɦɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɨɩɨɪɭ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɡɚɞɟɥɤɢ, ɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶɧɚɠɚɬɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɫ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ UY. ɗɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɠɟɫɬɤɨɦ ɭɡɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɫɢ Y.ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ (ɫɦ.
ɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ [3], ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ).2.5. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ,ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ 1 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 6.2). ȼɨɩɪɨɫɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ 2 ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 3.Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣɪɚɦɵ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
6.3.ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ«ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ». Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ (ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ).ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɚɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ 2, 3 ɢ 5 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 6.3, ɛ) ɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɦ125ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɟɦ ɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɡɥɚɦ.ɛ)ɚ)54(5)(3)(4)3(2)1ɜ)(1)ɝ)1(5)22(3)122(3)(4)1112(2)121(1)21(5)222(4)11(1)2Ɋɢɫ.6.3ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɨɫɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.3, ɜ, ɝ ɭɡɥɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ 1 ɢ 2 ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɢ X1 ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ.Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ.
ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.3, ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ 1, 2, ɢ 5 ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɭɝɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶUY ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ 1, 2 ɢ 4, ɬɨ ɷɬɨɪɚɜɧɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɟ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.3, ɜ ɪɚɦɵ.Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɈɄ». Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɟɬ, ɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɜɨɤɧɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɇɚɷɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɦɵ.ɇɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ 1 ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɦɵɲɢ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ 1 ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ. Ɍɨɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ 2 ɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ 4.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɈɄ» ɫ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣɝɚɥɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɟɬ, ɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ (ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ126ɤɧɨɩɤɟɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ) ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟɪɚɦɵ ɩɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɵ (ɪɢɫ. 6.3, ɜ).ȿɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.3, ɝ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɚɫɜɹɡɶ UY ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 1 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ 3, 4 ɢ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 5. ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɷɬɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ 6.3, ɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɚɤ ɠɟɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
6.3, ɚ ɪɚɦɟ.Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɆɄɗ.2.6. ɉɟɱɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɢ.1. ɋɚɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCADɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ ɨɤɧɚ ɫɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ Ɏɚɣɥ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ.ɗɬɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ,ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.2. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɛɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɥɢɫɬɚ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ «Print Screen SysRq» ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Ɏɚɣɥ (ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟ) ɢɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Paint.
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