ГДЗ-Химия-9-класс-Габриелян-2002 (9 класс - Габриелян)

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H[sZyoZjZdl_jbklbdZobfbq_kdbowe_f_glh\§ 1OZjZdl_jbklbdZobfbq_kdh]hwe_f_glZgZhkgh\Zgbb_]hiheh`_gby\ i_jbh^bq_kdhckbkl_f_>B F_g^_e__\Z<hijhk :OZjZdl_jbklbdZnhknhjZNhknhj ²we_f_gliylhc]jmiiub lj_lv_]hi_jbh^Z= = 15,ArJ = 31.Khhl\_lkl\_gghZlhfnhknhjZkh^_j`bl\ y^j_ ijhlhgh\g_cljhgh\b we_dljhgh\Kljh_gb__]hwe_dljhgghch[hehqdbfh`ghhljZablvk ihfhsvxke_^mxs_cko_fu+15J:lhfu nhknhjZ ijhy\eyxl dZd hdbkebl_evgu_ k\hckl\ZijbgbfZxl g_^hklZxsb_ ^ey aZ\_jr_gby \g_rg_]h mjh\gy ljbwe_dljhgZ ihemqZy ijb wlhf kl_i_gv hdbke_gby ± gZijbf_j \kh_^bg_gbyo k f_g__ we_dljhhljbpZl_evgufb we_f_glZfb —f_lZeeZfb \h^hjh^hf b li lZd b \hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Zhl^Zxlbebwe_dljhgh\[he__we_dljhhljbpZl_evguf we_f_glZf —dbkehjh^m]Zeh]_gZfb liijbh[j_lZyijbwlhfkl_i_gbhdbke_gby b Nhknhjf_g__kbevguchdbkebl_evq_fZahlgh[he__kbevgucq_ffurvydqlhk\yaZghk jhklhfjZ^bmkh\Zlhfh\hlZahlZd furvydmIhwlhc`_ijbqbg_\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\ZgZh[hjhlmkbeb\Zxlky Nhknhj ² ijhklh_ \_s_kl\h lbibqguc g_f_lZee Nhknhjmk\hckl\_ggh y\e_gb_ Zeehljhibb GZijbf_j kms_kl\mxl Zeehljhigu_fh^bnbdZpbb nhknhjZ lZdb_ dZd [_euc djZkguc b q_jguc nhknhjdhlhju_h[eZ^ZxljZagufbobfbq_kdbfb b nbabq_kdbfbk\hckl\ZfbG_f_lZeebq_kdb_k\hckl\ZnhknhjZ\ujZ`_gukeZ[__q_fmZahlZghkbevg__q_fm furvydZkhk_^gb_we_f_glu\ ]jmii_ G_f_lZeebq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z nhknhjZ \ujZ`_gu kbevg__ q_f mdj_fgbyghkeZ[__q_fm k_jukhk_^gb_we_f_glu\ i_jbh^_<ukrbchdkb^nhknhjZbf__lnhjfmemJ2H5Wlhdbkehlguchdkb^Hgijhy\ey_l\k_lbibqgu_k\hckl\Zdbkehlguohdkb^h\LZdgZijbf_jijb\aZbfh^_ckl\bb_]hk \h^hcihemqZ_lkynhknhjgZydbkehlZJ2H5 G2H ⇒ G3JH4.5Ijb\aZbfh^_ckl\bb_]hk hkgh\gufbhdkb^Zfbb hkgh\Zgbyfbhg^Z_lkhebJ2H5 0JH 0J3JH4)2;J2H5 DHG D3JH4 G2H<ukrbc]b^jhdkb^nhknhjZ ²nhknhjgZydbkehlZG3JH4,jZkl\hjdhlhjhcijhy\ey_l\k_lbibqgu_k\hckl\Zdbkehl\aZbfh^_ckl\b_k hkgh\Zgbyfbb hkgh\gufbhdkb^ZfbG3JH4 + 3NaOH = Na3PO4 G2H G3JH4 KD2 KD3(PO4)2↓ G2HNhknhjh[jZam_le_lmq__kh_^bg_gb_G3J ²nhknbg;OZjZdl_jbklbdZdZebyDZebcbf__lihjy^dh\ucghf_j = b hlghkbl_evgmxZlhfgmxfZkkm $r(K Khhl\_lkl\_gghaZjy^y^jZ_]hZlhfZjZ\_gqbkemijhlhgh\Ke_^h\Zl_evghqbkehg_cljhgh\\ y^j_jZ\gh LZddZdZlhfwe_dljhg_cljZe_glhqbkehwe_dljhgh\kh^_j`Zsboky\ Zlhf_dZebylh`_jZ\ghWe_f_gldZebcgZoh^blky\ q_l\_jlhfi_jbh^_i_jbh^bq_kdhckbkl_fuagZqbl\k_we_dljhgujZkiheZ]ZxlkygZq_luj_owg_j]_lbq_kdbomjh\gyoLZdbfh[jZahfkljh_gb_ZlhfZdZebyaZibku\Z_lkylZd+19DBkoh^ybakljh_gbyZlhfZfh`ghij_^kdZaZlvkl_i_gvhdbke_gbydZeby\ _]hkh_^bg_gbyoLZddZd\ obfbq_kdboj_ZdpbyoZlhfdZebyhl^Z_lh^bg\g_rgbcwe_dljhgijhy\eyy\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Zke_^h\Zl_evghhgijbh[j_lZ_lkl_i_gvhdbke_gby<hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z m dZeby \ujZ`_gu kbevg__ q_f mgZljbyghkeZ[__q_fm jm[b^byqlhk\yaZghk jhklhfjZ^bmkh\hl 1DdRb.DZebc ²ijhklh_\_s_kl\h^eyg_]hoZjZdl_jgZf_lZeebq_kdZydjbklZeebq_kdZyj_r_ldZb f_lZeebq_kdZyobfbq_kdZyk\yavZhlkx^Z ²b \k_lbibqgu_^eyf_lZeeh\k\hckl\Z F_lZeebq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z m dZeby \ujZ`_gu kbevg__ q_f mgZljbyghkeZ[__q_fm jm[b^byldZlhfdZebye_]q_hl^Z_lwe_dljhgq_fZlhfgZljbyghljm^g__q_fZlhfjm[b^byF_lZeebq_kdb_k\hckl\Zm dZeby\ujZ`_gukbevg__q_fmdZevpbyldh^bgwe_dljhgZlhfZdZebye_]q_hlhj\Zlvq_f^\Zwe_dljhgZZlhfZdZevpbyHdkb^dZebyD2H y\ey_lkyhkgh\gufhdkb^hfb ijhy\ey_l\k_lbibqgu_k\hckl\Zhkgh\guohdkb^h\<aZbfh^_ckl\b_k dbkehlZfbb dbkehlgufbhdkb^ZfbD2H G&O .&O+2O;K2O + SO3 = K2SO4.6 < dZq_kl\_ ]b^jhdkb^Z dZebx khhl\_lkl\m_l hkgh\Zgb_ s_ehqvDHG dhlhjh_ ijhy\ey_l \k_ oZjZdl_jgu_ k\hckl\Z hkgh\Zgbc\aZbfh^_ckl\b_k dbkehlZfbb dbkehlgufbhdkb^ZfbDHG+123 = KNO3+H2O;2KOH+N2O5 = 2KNO3+H2O.E_lmq_]h\h^hjh^gh]hkh_^bg_gbydZebcg_h[jZam_lZ h[jZam_l]b^jb^dZebyDG<hijhkZ0J2 ²hkgh\ghchdkb^623 ²dbkehlguchdkb^1) MgO + SO3 = MgSO4;2) MgO + 2HNO3 = Mg(NO3)2 + H2O;3) MgO + 2H+ = Mg2+ + H2O; 2RbOH + SO3 = Rb2SO4 + H2O;SO3 + 2OH– = SO42– + H2O.[0J2+2 ²hkgh\ghc]b^jhdkb^+2SO4 ²dbkehlguc]b^jhdkb^0J2G2 + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + 2H2O; OH– + H+ = H2O;0J2G2 + SO3 = MgSO4 + H2O; SO3 + 2OH– = H2O + 62 ++3) H2SO4 + Na2O = Na2SO4 + H2O; Na2O + 2H = 2Na + H2O.<hijhk FZ]gbc ²ijhklh_\_s_kl\h ^eyg_]hoZjZdl_jgZf_lZeebq_kdZydjbklZeebq_kdZyj_r_ldZhgh[eZ^Z_lf_lZeebq_kdbf[e_kdhfwe_dljhijh\h^ghklvxZ0JH2 = 2MgO[0J&O2 = MgCl20J H 0J 0J H 0J&O H &O2 H 2 \0J6 0J60J − H = 0J + 6 + H = 6 −^0J+&O 0J&O2 + H2↑0J H 0J+ H+]0J12 = Mg3N20J − H = 0J + 1 + H = 1−<hijhk :eehljhiby ²y\e_gb_kms_kl\h\Zgbyobfbq_kdh]hwe_f_glZ\\b^_g_kdhevdboijhkluo\_s_kl\jZaebqguoihkljh_gbxbk\hckl\ZflZdgZau\Z_fuoZeehljhiguonhjfZ< fhe_dmeZokhklZ\Z68 j_Zebam_lkydh\Ze_glghg_iheyjguclbik\yabl_g_ijhbkoh^blkf_s_gbywe_dljhgghciZjuh[jZamxs_ck\yav7[< fhe_dmeZokhklZ\ZG26j_Zebam_lkydh\Ze_glghiheyjguclbik\yabldijhbkoh^blkf_s_gb_we_dljhgghciZjud [he__we_dljhhljbpZl_evghfmZlhfm ²k_j_6G→S←GNbabq_kdb_k\hckl\Zjhf[bq_kdhck_ju 68):<_s_kl\hebfhggh`_elh]hp\_lZmklhcqb\h_^h W °KjZkl\hjy_lky\ k_jhm]e_jh^_&62Zgbebg_[_gahe_n_ghe_MjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcZ1D6 1D2S1D H 1D\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkebl_ev6 H 6[&D6 &D6KD − =HKD +\hkklZgh\bl_ev hdbkebl_ev6 + =H6\$O6 $O2S3−$O H $O\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkebl_ev6 H 6]622 = SO2↑6 H 6 \hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkebl_ev2^6+2 = H2S↑+ H + \hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkebl_ev6 H 6 _6)2 = SF66 H 6 \hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkebl_ev) H )2 H<hijhk G_f_lZeebq_kdb_k\hckl\Zdj_fgby\ujZ`_gukeZ[__q_fmnhknhjZghkbevg__q_fm Zexfbgby.<hijhk ZM ZahlZdbkehlgu_k\hckl\Z\ujZ`_gukbevg__q_fm nhknhjZld\ ]jmiiZok\_jom\gbaijhbkoh^blmkbe_gb_hkgh\guobhkeZ[e_gb_dbkehlguok\hckl\[M k_judbkehlgu_k\hckl\Z\ujZ`_gukbevg__q_fm nhknhjZld\ i_jbh^Zoke_\ZgZijZ\hijhbkoh^blmkbe_gb_dbkehlguobhkeZ[e_gb_hkgh\guok\hckl\8<hijhk >Zgh: ηH2 P0J ]ωMgijbf_kb %.GZclb9\ha^moZJ_r_gb_GZc^_ffZkkmfZ]gby[_aijbf_kbmqbkluc (Mg) = m(Mg) – m(Mg)⋅ωMg (ijbf_kbmqbkluc (Mg) ]±]⋅ ]AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbk`b]ZgbyfZ]gby]]0J fhevF ]fhevP ]oe2 fhev9 efhev9 e0J2IhmjZ\g_gbxj_ZdpbbkhklZ\bfijhihjpbx] ²e] ²o eo ⋅ eKe_^h\Zl_evgh e qbklh]hdbkehjh^Zlj_[m_lkygZk`b]Zgb_] fZ]gbyGZc^_fh[t_f\ha^moZdhlhjucihlj_[m_lkygZk`b]Zgb_fZ]gbyV (O 2 )9\ha^moZ = eη(O 2 )Hl\_l9\ha^moZ e<hijhk >ZghP6 d] ]ω = 80 %.GZclb: V(SO2)J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbk`b]Zgbyk_ju\ dbkehjh^_]6 fhevF ]fhevP ]oeH fhev9 efhev9 e62 KhklZ\bfijhihjpbx] ²e] ²o e ⋅ o eVijZdl (SO2) = Vl_hj(SO2)⋅ ω e⋅ eHl\_l: V(SO2 e<hijhkG_lg_evayIj_`^_\k_]hbaaZjZaebqby\ kl_i_gyohdbke_gby<hdkb^_k_jZbf__lkl_i_gvhdbke_gby< k_jgbklhcdbkehl_ — 4+.9<ukr_fmhdkb^m623 khhl\_lkl\m_lk_jgZydbkehlZ+2SO4.K_jgbklhcdbkehl_+2SO3 khhl\_lkl\m_lhdkb^622.>Zggu_khhl\_lkl\byfh`ghihdZaZlv]b^jhebahfhdkb^h\++62 GH⇒ + 62 +62 GH ‡ + 62 +<hijhkZ0JKH2 0JH K0J − H = 0J + &+ + H = &[6.KOH3 = 2KCl + 3SO26 − H = 6 +&O+ + H = &O−§ 2.