ГДЗ-Химия-9-класс-Габриелян-2002 (9 класс - Габриелян), страница 2

OZjZdl_jbklbdZobfbq_kdh]hwe_f_glZihdbkehlghhkgh\gufk\hckl\Zfh[jZam_fuobfkh_^bg_gbc:fnhl_jgu_hdkb^ub ]b^jhdkb^u<hijhk:fnhl_jguf]b^jhdkb^Zfijbkms_k\hckl\hj_Z]bjh\ZlvkdbkehlZfbdZdhkgh\Zgb_b khs_ehqZfbdZddbkehlZIhwlhfmdh]^Zfud jZkl\hjms_ehqbijbeb\Z_fihdZieyfjZkl\hjkhebmgZkihemqZ_lkyZfnhl_jguc]b^jhdkb^dhlhjuckjZam`_j_Z]bjm_lk s_ehqvxh[jZamyjZkl\hjbfmxkhevb fug_gZ[ex^Z_f\uiZ^_gb_\ hkZ^hdZfnhl_jgh]h]b^jhdkb^Z%H<hijhk%H62%H2.%H2%H12%H2+1. 2Be + O2 = 2BeO;2. BeO + H2SO4 = BeSO4↓ G2H<_HDHG D2<_H2 G2H<_HG123 = Be(NO3)2 + H2O;5.

Be(NO3)2 + 2NaOH = 2NaNO3 + Be(OH)2;6. Be(OH)2 D2+ D2BeO2 + 2H2O;107. Be(OH)2 + H2SO4 = BeSO4↓ G2H<hijhkZ%H2+2 G+ <_2+ G2H%H2+2 + H2SO4=BeSO4 G2HBe(OH)2 + 2HNO3=Be(NO3)2 G2H[%H2+2 2G– <_22– G2H%H2+2 + 2KOH=K2BeO2 +G2HBe(OH)2 + 2NaOH=Na2BeO2 G2H<hijhk:fnhl_jghklvx gZau\Z_lky kihkh[ghklv \_s_kl\Z ijhy\eylv dZddbkehlgu_lZdb hkgh\gu_k\hckl\ZDbkehlgu_k\hckl\ZdZdijZ\behijhy\eyxlkh_^bg_gbyg_f_lZeeh\GZijbf_j+2SO4; P2O5; CO2.Ghkms_kl\mxl dbkehluh[jZah\Zggu_ f_lZeeZfbGZijbf_j.MnO4 ²i_jfZg]ZgZldZebyD2Cr2O7 ²^bojhfZldZeby1D3VO4 ²\ZgZ^ZlgZljby1D>Al(OH)4] ²]b^jhdkhZexfbgZlgZljbyLh_klvf_lZeeufh]mllZd`_ijhy\eylvdbkehlgu_k\hckl\ZHkgh\gu_k\hckl\ZoZjZdl_jguijZdlbq_kdblhevdh^eyf_lZeeh\GZijbf_jNaOH, K2O, LiNO3.§ 3I_jbh^bq_kdbcaZdhgb i_jbh^bq_kdZykbkl_fZobfbq_kdbowe_f_glh\>B F_g^_e__\Z<hijhkI_jbh^bq_kdbcaZdhgF_g^_e__\Z ²h^bgbahkgh\hiheZ]ZxsboaZdhgh\obfbbFh`ghml\_j`^Zlvqlh\kykh\j_f_ggZyobfbyihkljh_gZgZg_fHgh[tykgy_laZ\bkbfhklvk\hckl\Zlhfh\hlbokljh_gbyh[h[sZ_lwlmaZ\bkbfhklv^ey\k_owe_f_glh\jZa^_eyybogZjZaebqgu_]jmiiuZ lZd`_ij_^kdZau\Z_lbok\hckl\Z\aZ\bkbfhklbhlkljh_gbyb kljh_gb_\ aZ\bkbfhklbhlk\hckl\Kms_kl\mxl^jm]b_aZdhgug_kmsb_h[tykgyxsmxh[h[sZxsmxb ij_^kdZaZl_evgmxnmgdpbbGZijbf_jaZdhgkhojZg_gbywg_j]bbaZdhgij_ehfe_gbyk\_lZ]_g_lbq_kdbcaZdhgF_g^_ey<hijhkJmdh\h^kl\mykvi_jbh^bq_kdhckbkl_fhcgZc^_fwe_f_glk gm`gufjZkiheh`_gb_fwe_dljhgh\b Wlhlwe_f_gl ²ZahlN: 1s22s22p3.Wlhlwe_f_glh[jZam_lijhklh_\_s_kl\h — N2, Zahl<h^hjh^gh_kh_^bg_gb_ZahlZ — NH3ZffbZd<ukrbchdkb^ZahlZ — N2H5.11Dbkehlguchdkb^N2O5 ijbjZkl\hj_gbb\ \h^_i_j_oh^bl\kbevgmxZahlgmxdbkehlm+123.N2O5 + H2O = 2HNO3;N2O5 + BaO = Ba(NO3)2;N2O5 + Ba(OH)2 = Ba(NO3)2 + H2O;5+N h[eZ^Z_lkbevgufbhdbkebl_evgufbk\hckl\Zfb2N2O5 K = 2N2 K22.<hijhkJZgvr_we_f_gl[_jbeebchrb[hqghhlghkbebd ,,,]jmii_IjbqbgZwlh]h aZdexqZeZkv \ g_ijZ\bevghf hij_^_e_gbb Zlhfghc fZkku[_jbeeby \f_klh __ kqblZeb jZ\ghc >B F_g^_e__\ij_^iheh`be qlh [_jbeebc gZoh^blky \ ,, ]jmii_ hkgh\u\Zykv gZobfbq_kdbo k\hckl\Zo we_f_glZ K\hckl\Z [_jbeeby [ueb hq_gvihoh`bgZk\hckl\Z0Jb KZb kh\_jr_gghg_ihoh`bgZk\hckl\Z$OAgZy qlh Zlhfgu_ fZkku /L b < khk_^gbo we_f_glh\ d <_ jZ\gukhhl\_lkl\_ggh b >BF_g^_e__\ij_^iheh`be qlhZlhfgZyfZkkZ[_jbeebyjZ\gZ<hijhkKZ ²Zlhfm dhlhjh]hwe_dljhgujZkij_^_e_gukh]eZkghjy^mqbk_eWe_f_gl‹ 7 — N,we_f_gl‹ 8 — O.MjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcKZ + N2 KZ3N2,KZ + O2 KZ2Ijh^mdluj_Zdpbcbf_xlbhgguclbik\yab:ahl b dbkehjh^ bf_xl fhe_dmeyjgh_ kljh_gb_ djbklZeebq_kdboj_r_lhdZ mdZevpbyf_lZeebq_kdZy djbklZeebq_kdZy j_r_ldZIjh^mdlu\aZbfh^_ckl\by ²KZ3N2 b KZ2bf_xlbhggh_kljh_gb_djbklZeebq_kdhcj_r_ldb<hijhkN, P, As, Sb, Bi — mkbe_gb_f_lZeebq_kdbok\hckl\F_lZeebq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z\ ]jmiiZomkbeb\Zxlky<hijhkNa, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl — mkbe_gb_g_f_lZeebq_kdbok\hckl\G_f_lZeebq_kdb_k\hckl\Z\ i_jbh^Zomkbeb\Zxlky<hijhkCl2O7, P2O5, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Na2O — mf_gvr_gb_dbkehlguok\hckl\12Dbkehlgu_k\hckl\Z\ i_jbh^Zom\_ebqb\Zxlky+KO24, H3PO4, H2SiO4, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, NaOH — mf_gvr_gb_dbkehlguok\hckl\<hijhkB2O3, BeO, Li2O²\hajZklZgb_hkgh\guok\hckl\ld\ i_jbh^Zohkgh\gu_k\hckl\ZhkeZ[_\ZxlB(OH)3, Be(OH)2, LiOH — \hajZklZgb_hkgh\guok\hckl\B(OH)3 — keZ[ZydbkehlZBe(OH)2 — 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eGZc^_fh[t_f\ha^moZg_h[oh^bfh]h^eyijh\_^_gbyj_ZdpbbV (O 2 )9\ha^ = e eη(O 2 )Hl\_l9\ha^ e<hijhk>ZghP&D f] ]ω = 80 %GZclb: V(H2)J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_ZdpbbjZkl\hj_gbydZevpby\ \h^_]&D fhevF ]fhevP ]+2&D2+ + fhev9 efhev9 eKhklZ\bfijhihjpbxb gZc^_fh[t_f\h^hjh^Zdhlhjucl_hj_lbq_kdb^he`_g[ueihemqblvky\ oh^_j_Zdpbb] ²e] ²o e ⋅ o e17Vl_hjG2 eHl\_l: VG2 eIhmkeh\bxaZ^Zqb\uoh^]ZaZkhklZ\ey_l hll_hj_lbq_kdb\hafh`gh]hIhwlhfmijZdlbq_kdb[uehihemq_ghVijZdlG2) = Vl_hjG2)⋅ ω e⋅ eHl\_l: VijZdlG2 e<hijhkS_ehqgu_b s_ehqgha_f_evgu_f_lZeeuhq_gvZdlb\gubj_Z]bjmxlijZdlbq_kdbkh\k_fk q_fkhijbdZkZxlkyGZijbf_j gZ \ha^mo_ wlb f_lZeeu e_]dh hdbkeyxlky ?keb wlbf_lZeeu ojZgblv ih^ keh_f d_jhkbgZ d dhlhjhfm hgb bg_jlgu lhfh`gh m[_j_qv hl g_gm`guo \aZbfh^_ckl\bc Eblbc ² kZfuc e_]dbcba f_lZeeh\ Hg e_]q_ d_jhkbgZ b \ hlebqb_ hl ^jm]bo f_lZeeh\\kieu\Z_l\ g_fihwlhfm_]hojZgyl\ \Za_ebg_<hijhkKZ + 12HNO3 = 5Ca(NO3)2 + N2↑ + 6H2O.&D − H &D1 H 1<hijhkIhijZ\bemdhlhjh_]eZkblqlhf_lZeeuklhysb_\ jy^mgZijy`_gbye_\__\h^hjh^Z\ul_kgyxl_]hbajZkl\hjh\dbkehl\h^hjh^ijbj_Zdpbbk\bgpZk jZkl\hjhfk_jghcdbkehlu^he`_gihemqblvkyGh^Zggh_ijZ\behkh[ex^Z_lky_keb\ j_Zdpbbf_lZeeZk dbkehlhch[jZam_lkyjZkl\hjbfZykhevZ 3E624 —g_jZkl\hjbfZykhevIhwlhfm\ kemqZ_k\bgpZb k_jghcdbkehluijZ\behg_^_ckl\m_lbke_^h\Zl_evgh\h^hjh^g_evayihemqblvijb\aZbfh^_ckl\bbk\bgpZk jZkl\hjhfk_jghcdbkehlu<hijhk4Zn + 5H2SOdhgp = 4ZnSO4 + H2S↑ + 4H2O=Q − H =Q 6 H 6 < wlhcj_Zdpbbpbgdijhy\ey_l\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Z§ 9Ihemq_gb_f_lZeeh\<hijhk=:]jbdhe\ k\h_cdgb]_bf_e\ \b^mibjhf_lZeemj]bxIbjhf_lZeemj]bq_kdb_ijhp_kku\dexqZxlh[`b]ijbwlhfkh^_j`Zsb_ky\ jm^Zokh_^bg_gbyf_lZeeh\\ qZklghklbkmevnb^ui_j_\h^ylky\ hdkb^uZ k_jZm^Zey_lky\ \b^_622gZijbf_j182CuS + 3O2 ⇒ 2CuO + 2SO2↑;Cr2O3 + 2Al ⇒ Al2O3 + 2Cr.AZl_fhdkb^ui_j_\h^ylky\ qbklu_f_lZeeuiml_fZfhghl_jfbb<hijhkWdheh]bq_kdb[he__[_ahiZk_g[Zdl_jbZevguc f_lh^ihemq_gbyf_^b<hijhkS_ehqgu_b s_ehqgha_f_evgu_f_lZeeug_evayihemqblv]b^jhf_lZeemj]bq_kdbff_lh^hfihlhfmqlh^Zggucf_lh^hkgh\ZggZ\u^_e_gbbf_lZeeh\bajZkl\hjZih^^_ckl\b_fwe_dljbq_kdh]hlhdZ: _kebfubajZkl\hjZ\u^_ebfs_ehqghcf_lZee\ qbklhf\b^_lhhgkjZam`_[m^_l\aZbfh^_ckl\h\Zlvk\h^hch[jZamy]b^jhdkb^<hijhk3E6 → 3E2 → 3Et<hijhk)H61) 2PbS + 3O2 = 2SO2↑ + 2PbO,t2) PbO + CO = Pb + CO2↑.)H2→ )H62→ 62 → +62t4FeS2 + 11O2 = 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2↑;2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3;SO3 + H2O = H2SO4;tFe2O3 + 3C = 2Fe + 3CO↑.<hijhk>ZghP]hjihj l d]ω(Cu2S) = 20 %, W = 90 %GZclb: m(Cu)J_r_gb_GZc^_fkdhevdh&X26kh^_j`blky\ ]hjghcihjh^_m(Cu2S) = m]hjihj⋅ω(Cu2S) = 1,2⋅108]⋅0,2 = 2,4⋅107]GZc^_fkdhevdhqbklhcf_^bfh`ghihemqblvl_hj_lbq_kdbbaCu2S:$ U &Xml_hj(Cu) = m(Cu2S) ⋅ ω&X\ &X2S) = m(Cu2S) ⋅=0 U &X 6= 2,4 ⋅ 107 ⋅ ⋅ = 1,92 ⋅ 107 ] ⋅ + GZc^_fkdhevdhqbklhcf_^bihemqbebijZdlbq_kdbmijZdl (Cu) = ml_hj(Cu)⋅W = 1,92⋅107⋅0,9 = 1,728⋅107 ] lHl\_l: m(Cu) = 17,28 l19§ 10Dhjjhabyf_lZeeh\<hijhkMjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbdhjjhabbf_^b&X2 + 2&2 &X2+ &2 fZeZobl<hijhkS_ehqgu_b s_ehqgha_f_evgu_f_lZeeufh]mlj_Z]bjh\Zlvk H2,N2, H22b KH2\oh^ysbfb\ khklZ\\ha^moZ4Li+O2 = 2LiO2;6Li + N2 = 2Li3N; D H2 D2H2;Li2O+CO2=Li2CO3;2Na+O2=Na2O2;2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2↑;Ca(Mg, Ba) + O2 = CaO (MgO, BaO);CaO + CO2 = CaCO3.<hijhkG_j`Z\_xsZyklZev ²kieZ\kh^_j`Zsbc^h ojhfZ %gbd_eyIhwlhfm^ey\uieZ\dbd]g_j`Z\_xs_cklZebgm`gh\aylvP&U PkieZ\Z⋅ω&U d]⋅ d]P1L PkieZ\Z⋅ω1L d]⋅ d]P)H PkieZ\Z⋅ω&U d]±d]±d] d]Hl\_lPKU d]P1L d]P)H d]<hijhk<<FZydh\kdbc]h\hjblh[hpbgdh\Zgghf`_e_a_<hijhk>mfZx\k_fohjhrhba\_klghqlhlZdh_]Zev\Zgbq_kdbcwe_f_gl>\Zkh_^bg_gguof_`^mkh[hcwe_dljh^ZhimkdZxl\ jZkl\hjwe_dljheblZgZh^ghfwe_dljh^_\ j_amevlZl_H<Jijhbkoh^blhkZ`^_gb_f_lZeeZgZ^jm]hfgZh[hjhljZkl\hj_gb_LZd`_ihemqbehkvb kdhjZ[e_ffhjkdZy\h^Zku]jZeZjhevjZkl\hjZwe_dljheblZ:exfbgb_\ucdhjimkb f_^gu_aZde_idb ²jhevwe_dljh^h\\ j_amevlZl_f_lZeebq_kdbcAl i_j_oh^bl\ Al3+, gZf_^ghfdhjimk_ \u^_ey_lky\h^hjh^2H+ +  ⇒ + ,Al0± ⇒ Al3+.LZdbfh[jZahff_lZeebq_kdbcdhjimkgZr\ZogZqZejZkl\hjylvkyb dhjZ[evmlhgme20<hijhk§ 11S_ehqgu_f_lZeeuZ/L /L2+ /L&O→ /L2 →→1.