ГДЗ-Химия-9-класс-Дидактические-материалы-Радецкий-2000 (991555)
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25JZ[hlZ :ahlgZy dbkehlZb __kheb ........................... 27JZ[hlZ Nhknhj b_]h kh_^bg_gby............................... 282JZ[hlZ JZkq_lu ihhij_^_e_gbxfZkkh\hc bebh[t_fghc ^heb\uoh^Zijh^mdlZ j_Zdpbbhl l_hj_lbq_kdb\hafh`gh]h b h[jZlgu_aZ^Zqb . 30JZ[hlZ Blh]h\Zy ihl_f_ ,,, . 33L_fZ ,9Ih^]jmiiZ m]e_jh^Z .................. 37JZ[hlZ M]e_jh^Hdkb^um]e_jh^Z .......................
37JZ[hlZ M]hevgZy dbkehlZb __kheb ........................... 39JZ[hlZ Dj_fgbc b_]hkh_^bg_gby ..................... 40JZ[hlZ <uqbke_gb_ fZkkubebh[t_fZ ijh^mdlZj_Zdpbb ihba\_klghc fZkk_beb ihh[t_fmbkoh^gh]h \_s_kl\Zkh^_j`Zs_]hijbf_kb ........................ 42JZ[hlZ Blh]h\Zy ihl_f_ ,9 .. 46L_fZ 9H[sb_ k\hckl\Zf_lZeeh\ ............... 50JZ[hlZ Kihkh[u ihemq_gbyf_lZeeh\ ....................... 50JZ[hlZ Obfbq_kdb_ k\hckl\Zf_lZeeh\ .......................
51JZ[hlZ We_dljhebaDhjjhabyf_lZeeh\ ....................... 52JZ[hlZ S_ehqgu_ bs_ehqgha_f_evgu_ f_lZeeu .............. 54JZ[hlZ :exfbgbc b_]hkh_^bg_gby ..................... 56JZ[hlZ Blh]h\Zy ihl_f_ 9 ... 58L_fZ 9,@_e_ahF_lZeemj]by .................. 623JZ[hlZ @_e_ah b_]h kh_^bg_gby...............................
62JZ[hlZ Kihkh[u ijhfure_ggh]hihemq_gby f_lZeeh\ ............. 64AZ^Zqbk ijhba\h^kl\_ggufb f_`ij_^f_lgufkh^_j`Zgb_f ................................... 67G_f_lZeeu ...................... 67F_lZeeu ........................ 694c deZkkL_fZ IWe_dljheblbq_kdZy^bkkhpbZpbyJZ[hlZ We_dljheblbq_kdZy^bkkhpbZpby\_s_kl\b j_Zdpbb bhggh]hh[f_gZ<ZjbZgl ZFeCl3 → Fe3++3Cl[ K2SO4 → 2K++SO −\Ba(NO3)2 → Ba2++2NO −]H3PO4 → 3H++PO −^NaOH → Na++OHZH2SO4+BaCl2 → BaSO4 ↓ +2HClBa2++SO − → BaSO4 ↓[3KOH+H3PO4 → K3PO4+3H2OOH-+H+ → H2O\Na2CO3+Pb(NO3)2 → 2NaNO3+PbCO3 ↓Pb2++CO − → PbCO3 ↓<ZjbZgl ZCa(OH)2 → Ca2++2OH[CuCl2 → Cu2++2Cl\H2SO4 → 2H++SO −] Fe2(SO4)3 → 2Fe3++3SO −^KNO3 → K++NO −Z HCl+AgNO3 → AgCl ↓ +HNO3Cl-+Ag+ → AgCl ↓[BaCl2+CuSO4 → BaSO4 ↓ +CuCl2Ba2++SO − → BaSO4 ↓\Ca(OH)2+2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2+2H2OOH-+H+ → H2O<ZjbZgl 1.
ZAlCl3 → Al3++3Cl-5[ K3PO4 → 3K++PO −\HNO3 → H++NO −]Na2SO4 → 2Na++SO −^MgCl2 → Mg++2ClZNa2CO3+CaCl2 → 2NaCl+CaCO3 ↓CO − +Ca2+ → CaCO3 ↓[Ba(OH)2+2HCl → BaCl2+2H2OOH-+H+ → H2O\H2SO4+Ba(NO3)2 → BaSO4 ↓ +2HNO3SO − +Ba2+ → BaSO4 ↓<ZjbZgl41. ZCu(NO3)2 → Cu2++2NO −[HCl → H++Cl\Al2(SO4)3 → 2Al3++3SO −] Ba(OH)2 → Ba2++2OH-^ZnSO4 → Zn2++SO −Z LiOH+HNO3 → LiNO3+H2OOH-+H+ → H2O[Cu(NO3)2+2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 ↓ +2NaNO3Cu2++2OH- → Cu(OH)2 ↓\3K2CO3+2H3PO4 → 2K3PO4+3CO2 ↑ +3H2OCO − +2H+ → CO2+H2OJZ[hlZ J_Zdpbb bhggh]hh[f_gZb ]b^jhebakhe_c<ZjbZglZ3AgNO3+K3PO4 → Ag3PO4 ↓ +3KNO33Ag++PO − → Ag3PO4 ↓[CuSO4+2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 ↓ +Na2SO4Cu2++2OH- → Cu(OH)2 ↓]BaCl2+K2SO4 → BaSO4 ↓ +2KClBa2++SO − → BaSO4 ↓2.
Na2CO3+H2O →← NaOH+NaHCO36−CO − +H2O →← OH +HCO NaHCO3+H2O →← NaOH+H2CO3HCO − +H2O →← OH +H2CO3Cu(NO3)2+H2O →← Cu(OH)NO3+HNO3++Cu2++H2O →← CuOH +HCu(OH)NO3+H2O →← Cu(OH)2+HNO3+&XHG++H2O →← Cu(OH)2+H<ZjbZglZNa2CO3+2HNO3 → 2NaNO3+H2O+CO2CO − +2H+ → CO2+H2O\2HCl+Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2+2H2OH++OH- → H2O] 3NaOH+H3PO4 → Na3PO4+3H2OOH-+H+ → H2O2. Na2S+H2O →← NaOH+NaHSS2-+H2O →← OH +HSNaHS+H2O →← NaOH+H2SHS-+H2O →← OH +H2SFeCl3+H2O →← Fe(OH)Cl2+HCl2++Fe3++H2O →← FeOH +HFe(OH)Cl2+H2O →← Fe(OH)2Cl+HCl++FeOH2++H2O →← Fe(OH) +HFe(OH)2Cl+H2O →← Fe(OH)3+HCl+Fe(OH) + +H2O →← Fe(OH)3+H<ZjbZglZFeCl3+3NaOH → 3NaCl+Fe(OH)3 ↓Fe3++3OH- → Fe(OH)3 ↓\Ba(NO3)2+Na2CO3 → BaCO3 ↓ +2NaNO3Ba2++CO − → BaCO3 ↓] Al2(SO4)2+2K3PO4 → 2AlPO4 ↓ +3K2SO47Al3++PO − → AlPO4 ↓2. Zn(NO3)2+H2O →← Zn(OH)NO3+HNO3++Zn2++H2O →← ZnOH +HZn(OH)NO3+H2O →← Zn(OH)2+HNO3+ZnOH++H2O →← Zn(OH)2+HK2CO3+H2O →← KOH+KHCO3−CO − +H2O →← OH +HCO KHCO3+H2O →← KOH+H2CO3HCO − +H2O →← OH +H2CO3<ZjbZgl ZK2CO3+2HCl → 2KCl+CO2+H2OCO − +2H+ → H2O+CO2[Ca(OH)2+2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2+2H2OOH-+H+ → H2O\2NaOH+H2SO4 → Na2SO4+2H2OOH-+H+ → H2O2.
AlCl3+H2O →← Al(OH)Cl2+HCl2++Al3++H2O →← AlOH +HAl(OH)Cl2+H2O →← Al(OH)2Cl+HCl++AlOH2++H2O →← Al(OH) +HAl(OH)2Cl+H2O →← Al(OH)3+HCl+Al(OH) + +H2O →← Al(OH)3+HJZ[hlZ Obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zdbkehlkhe_cb hkgh\Zgbc\ k\_l_l_hjbbwe_dljheblbq_kdhc^bkkhpbZpbb<ZjbZgl1. Ba(OH)2+Na2SO4 → BaSO4 ↓ +2NaOHBa2++SO − → BaSO4 ↓Ba(OH)2+CuCl2 → Cu(OH)2 ↓ +BaCl22OH-+Cu2+ → Cu(OH)2 ↓Ba(OH)2+2HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2+2H2O8OH-+H+ → H2OBa(OH)2+CO2 → BaCO3 ↓ +H2O2.Z )H&O)H62[)H12ZFeSO4+BaCl2 → FeCl2+BaSO4 ↓SO − +Ba2+ → BaSO4 ↓[FeSO4+Ba(NO3)2 → Fe(NO3)2+BaSO4 ↓Ba2++SO − → BaSO4 ↓<ZjbZgl1. H2SO4+2NaOH → Na2SO4+2H2OH++OH- → H2OH2SO4+Zn → ZnSO4+H2 ↑2H++Zn → Zn2++H2H2SO4+BaCl2 → BaSO4 ↓ +HClSO 24 − +Ba2+ → BaSO4 ↓H2SO4+CuO → CuSO4+H2O2H++CuO → Cu2++H2ONa2SO4+Ba(OH)2 → BaSO4 ↓ +2NaOHSO − +Ba2+ → BaSO4 ↓NaOH+HCl → NaCl+H2OOH-+H+ → H2O<ZjbZgl1.
CuCl2+2AgNO3 → 2AgCl ↓ +Cu(NO3)2Cl-+Ag+ → AgCl ↓CuCl2+Fe → FeCl2+CuCu2++Fe → Fe2++CuCuCl2+2KOH → Cu(OH)2 ↓ +2KClCu2++2OH- → Cu(OH)2 ↓Z H2SO4+Ba(NO3)2 → BaSO4 ↓ +2HNO3[KCl+AgNO3 → AgCl ↓ +KNO3Cl-+Ag+ → AgCl ↓<ZjbZgl1. 2HCl+Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2+2H2O9H++OH- → H2O6HCl+2Al → 2AlCl3+3H2 ↑6H++2Al → 2Al3++3H22HCl+Na2CO3 → 2NaCl+H2O+CO22H++CO − → H2O+CO22HCl+MgO → MgCl2+H2O2H++MgO → Mg2++H2O2. MgO+H2SO4 → MgSO4+H2OMgO+2H+ → Mg2++H2OMg(OH)2+H2SO4 → MgSO4+2H2OMg(OH)2+2H+ → Mg2++2H2OJZ[hlZ JZkq_luihmjZ\g_gbyfj_Zdpbc_kebh^ghbaj_Z]bjmxsbo\_s_kl\^Zgh\ ba[uld_260 ]]1. Ba(NO3 ) 2 + K 2SO 4 → BaSO4 ↓ +2KNO3n(Ba(NO3)2)=n(K2SO4)=m(Ba(NO3 )2 ) 260=0,996 fhev=M(Ba(NO3 )2 ) 261m(K 2SO 4 ) 220=1fhev=M(K 2SO4 ) 174LdK2SO4 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l\_^_fihBa(NO3)2260 ]o]Ba(NO3 ) 2 +K2SO4 → BaSO 4 ↓ +2KNO3233 ]261 ]o= ⋅ ≈ 232,11 ]o=Hl\_lm(BaSO4)=]42,6 ]16 ]2. Al(NO3 )3 + 3NaOH → Al(OH)3 ↓ +3NaNO3n(Al(NO3)3)=n(NaOH)=m(Al(NO3 )3 ) 42,6=0fhev=M(Al(NO3 )3 ) 213m(NaOH) 16=0,4 fhev=M(NaOH) 40LdNaOH gZoh^blky\ g_^hklZld_k mq_lhfdhwnnbpb_glZ, ihg_fm\_^_fjZkq_l1016 ]o]Al(NO3)3+ 3NaOH → Al(OH)3 ↓ +3NaNO33⋅40 ]78 ]16o ⋅ ==10,4 ]Hl\_lm(Al(OH)3)=10,4 ]o= ⋅ 3 ⋅ 40 783.
Na2CO3+2HNO3 → 2NaNO3+H2O+CO2m(HNO3)= ω (HNO3) ⋅ mjjZ=0,2 ⋅ 400=80 ]n(HNO3)=m(HNO3 ) 80==1,27 fhevM(HNO3 ) 63n(Na2CO3)=m(Na 2CO3 ) 53==0,5 fhevM(Na 2CO3 ) 106LdHNO3 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l \_^_fihNa2CO3oe53Na 2 CO3 +2HNO3 → 2NaNO3+H2O+ CO 25316 ⋅ 78o=o=e106 22, 43 ⋅ 40Hl\_lV(CO2)=11,2 e10622,4 e94,5 ]20 ]4. MgO + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2+H2On(MgO)=m(MgO) 20=0,5 fhev=M(MgO) 40n(HNO3)=m(HNO3 ) 94,5=1,5 fhev=M(HNO3 )63LdHNO3 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l \_^_fihMgO20 ]o]40 ]148 ]MgO +2HNO3 → Mg(NO3 )2 +H2O5320 ⋅148o=74 ]o==106 22, 440Hl\_lm(Mg(NO3)2)=]40 ]]5. CuSO 4 + Fe → FeSO4+Cun(CuSO4)=n(Fe)=m(CuSO 4 ) 40=0,25 fhev=M(CuSO4 ) 160m(Fe) 12=0,21fhev=M(Fe) 56LdCuSO4 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhihke_hdhgqZgbyj_ZdpbbhghklZg_lky\ jZkl\hj_11Hl\_lhklZg_lky6. BaCl2+Na2SO4 → 2NaCl+BaSO4 ↓m(BaCl2)= ω (BaCl2) ⋅ mjjZ=0,05 ⋅ 15=0,75 ]n(BaCl2)=m(BaCl2 ) 0,75=0,0036 fhev=M(BaCl2 ) 208m(Na2SO4)= ω (Na2SO4) ⋅ mjjZ=0,08 ⋅ 10=0,8 ]n(Na2SO4)=m(Na 2SO 4 ) 0,8=0,0056 fhev=M(Na 2SO4 ) 142LdNa2SO4 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_jZkq_l\_^_fihBaCl2.0,75 ]o]208 ]233 ]BaCl 2 +Na2SO4 → 2NaCl+ BaSO 4 ↓0, 750, 75 ⋅ 233o=0,84 ]o==208 233208Hl\_lm(BaSO4)=0,84 ]7.
Fe2(SO4)3+6NaOH → 2Fe(OH)3+3Na2SO4m(Fe2(SO4)3)= ω (Fe2(SO4)3) ⋅ mjjZ=0,05 ⋅ 400=20 ]n(Fe2(SO4)3)=m(Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 )20=0,05 fhev=M(Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 ) 400m(NaOH)= ω (NaOH) ⋅ mjjZ=0,03 ⋅ 200=6 ]n(NaOH)=m(NaOH) 6=0,15 fhev=M(NaOH) 40LdFe2(SO4)3 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l\_^_fihNaOH.6]o]Fe2(SO4)3+ 6NaOH → 2Fe(OH)3 ↓ +3Na2SO46⋅40 ]2⋅107 ]6o ⋅ ⋅=5,35 ]o== ⋅ 6 ⋅ 40 2 ⋅107Hl\_lm(Fe(OH)3)=5,35 ]16 ]]8. CuSO 4 + Fe → FeSO4+Cun(CuSO4)=n(Fe)=m(CuSO 4 ) 16=0,1 fhev=M(CuSO4 ) 160m(Fe) 12=0,21fhev=M(Fe) 56LdFe gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l\_^_fihCuSO41216 ]o]CuSO 4 +Fe → FeSO4+ Cu64 ]160 ]16o ⋅ =6,4 ]o==160 64Hl\_lm(Cu)=6,4 ]9.
2NaOH+CuSO4 → Cu(OH)2+Na2SO4m(NaOH)=0,2 ⋅ 200=40 ]n(NaOH)=m(NaOH) 40=1 fhev=M(NaOH) 40n(CuSO4)=fhevLdCuSO4 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l\_^_fihNaOH.40 ]o]2NaOH +CuSO4 → Na2SO4+ Cu(OH) 22⋅40 ]98 ]16o ⋅ =49 ]o== ⋅ 160 64Hl\_lm(Cu(OH)2)=49 ]10. 2HCl+Na2CO3 → 2NaCl+H2O+CO2m(HCl)= ω (HCl) ⋅ mjjZ=0,3 ⋅ 150=45 ]n(HCl)=m(HCl)45=1,23 fhev=M(HCl) 36,5n(Na2CO3)=fhevLdHCl gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_jZkq_l\_^_fihNa2CO30,5 fhev0,5 fhev2HCl+ Na 2 CO3 → 2NaCl+H2O+ CO 2n(Na2CO3)=n(CO2)=fhevV(CO2)=n(CO2) ⋅ Vm=0,5 ⋅ eHl\_lV(CO2)=e11. H2SO4+Ba(NO3) → BaSO4+2HNO3m(H2SO4)= ω (H2SO4) ⋅ mjjZ=0,1 ⋅ 40=4 ]n(H2SO4)=m(HSO 4 ) 4=0,041 fhev=M(HSO4 ) 98n(Ba(NO3)2)=m(Ba(NO3 )2 ) 2,61=0,01 fhev=M(Ba(NO3 )2 ) 261LdH2SO4 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l\_^_fihBa(NO3)2.13o]2,61H2SO4+ Ba(NO3 ) 2 → BaSO 4 +2HNO3233 ]2, 61o ⋅ =2,33 ]o==261 233Hl\_lm(BaSO4)=2,33 ]26110 ]]12.
MgO + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2+H2On(MgO)=m(MgO) 10=0,25 fhev=M(MgO) 40n(HNO3)=m(HNO3 ) 40=0,635 fhev=M(HNO3 ) 63LdHNO3 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l \_^_fihMgO10 ]o]40 ]148 ]MgO +2HNO3 → Mg(NO3 )2 +H2O53o ⋅=37 ]o==106 22, 4Hl\_lm(Mg(NO3)2)=3]13. H2SO4+BaCl2 → BaSO4+2HClm(H2SO4)= ω (H2SO4) ⋅ mjjZ=0,07 ⋅ 200=14 ]n(H2SO4)=m(HSO 4 ) 14=0,143 fhev=M(HSO4 ) 98n(BaCl2)=2 fhevLdBaCl2 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l\_^_fihH2SO4.14 ]o]98 ]233 ]BaCl2+ H 2SO 4 → BaSO 4 +2HCl2, 61o ⋅ =33,29 ]o==261 233Hl\_lm(BaSO4)=33,29 ]16,2 ]30 ]14. ZnO + 2HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2+H2On(ZnO)=m(ZnO) 16,2=0,2 fhev=M(ZnO)81n(HNO3)=m(HNO3 ) 30=0,48 fhev=M(HNO3 ) 63LdHNO3 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_jZkq_l \_^_fihZnO1416,2 ]o]ZnO +2HNO3 → Zn(NO3 )2 +H2O81 ]189 ]53o ⋅ =37,8 ]o==106 22, 4Hl\_lm(Zn(NO3)2)=37,8 ]JZ[hlZ Blh]h\Zyihl_f_I<ZjbZglZKCl → K++Cl[ H2SO4 → 2H++SO −\Ca(OH)2 → Ca2++2OH]Cu(NO3)2 → Cu2++2NO −^Al2(SO4)3 → 2Al3++2SO −ZNaCl+AgNO3 → AgCl ↓ +NaNO3Cl-+Ag+ → AgCl ↓[2HNO3+Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2+2H2OH++OH- → H2O\+&O.2CO3 → 2KCl+H2O+CO22H++CO − → H2O+CO23.
2HCl+Zn → ZnCl2+H2 ↑2H++Zn → Zn2++H2 ↑2HCl+CaO → CaCl2+H2O2H++CaO → Ca2++H2O2HCl+Cu(OH)2 → CuCl2+2H2O2H++ Cu(OH)2 → Cu2++2H2O32 ]]4. CuSO 4 + Fe → FeSO4+Cun(CuSO4)=n(Fe)=m(CuSO 4 ) 32=0,2 fhev=M(CuSO4 ) 160m(Fe) 21=0,375 fhev=M(Fe) 56LdFe gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_lhjZkq_l\_^_fihCuSO432 ]o]CuSO 4 +Fe → FeSO4+ Cu160 ]64 ]1532o ⋅ =12,8 ]o==160 64Hl\_lm(Cu)=12,8 ]<ZjbZglZNaOH → Na++OH[HNO3 → H++NO −\MgCl2 → Mg2++2Cl]K2CO3 → 2K++CO −^ Fe(NO3)3 → Fe3++3NO −Z2KOH+Cu(NO3)2 → Cu(OH)2 ↓ +2KNO32OH-+Cu2+ → Cu(OH)2[2HCl+Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2+2H2OH++OH- → H2O\Na2SO4+Ba(NO3)2 → BaSO4+2NaNO3SO − +Ba2+ → BaSO43. Ca(OH)2+CuSO4 → CaSO4+Cu(OH)2 ↓2OH-+Cu2+ → Cu(OH)2 ↓3Ca(OH)2+2K3PO4 → Ca3(PO4)2 ↓ +6KOH3Ca2++2PO − → Ca3(PO4)2 ↓Ca(OH)2+CO2 → CaCO3+H2O5]]4. MgO + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2+H2On(MgO)=m(MgO) 5==0,125 fhevM(MgO) 40n(HNO3)=m(HNO3 ) 40==0,635 fhevM(HNO3 ) 63LdHNO3 gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_jZkq_l\_^_fihMgO5]o]40 ]148 ]MgO +2HNO3 → Mg(NO3 )2 +H2O5o ⋅=18,5 ]o==40 148Hl\_lm(Mg(NO3)2)=18,5 ]<ZjbZglZH3PO4 → 3H++PO −[Ba(OH)2 → Ba2++2OH-16\FeSO4 → Fe2++SO −]AlCl3 → Al3++3Cl^Cu(NO3)2 → Cu2++2NO −ZFeCl3+3NaOH → Fe(OH)3 ↓ +3NaClFe3++3OH- → Fe(OH)3 ↓[ H2SO4+2LiOH → Li2SO4+2H2OH++OH- → H2O\2HNO3+Na2CO3 → 2NaNO3+H2O+CO22H++CO − → H2O+CO23.
3H2SO4+2Al → Al2(SO4)3+3H2 ↑6H++2Al → 2Al3++3H2H2SO4+2KOH → K2SO4+2H2OH++OH- → H2OH2SO4+Ba(NO3)2 → BaSO4 ↓ +2HNO3SO − +Ba2+ → BaSO4 ↓20 ]]4. NaOH + HCl → NaCl+H2On(NaOH)=n(HCl)=m(NaOH) 20=0,5 fhev=M(NaOH) 40m(HCl)33=0,9 fhev=M(HCl) 36,5LdHCl gZoh^blky\ ba[uld_jZkq_l\_^_fihNaOH20 ]o]NaOH +HCl → NaCl +H2O40 ]58,5 ]5o ⋅ =29,25 ]o==40 148Hl\_lm(NaCl)=29,5 ]<ZjbZglZCaCl2 → Ca2++2Cl[KOH → K++OH\HCl → H++Cl]Fe2(SO4)3 → 2Fe3++3SO −^Na3PO4 → 3Na++PO −ZCuSO4+BaCl2 → CuCl2+BaSO4 ↓SO − +Ba2+ → BaSO4 ↓17[2HBr+Ca(OH)2 → CaBr2+2H2OH++OH- → H2O\3ZnSO4+2K3PO4 → Zn3(PO4)2 ↓ +3K2SO43Zn2++2PO − → Zn3(PO4)2 ↓3. CuSO4+2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 ↓ +Na2SO4Cu2++2OH- → Cu(OH)2 ↓3CuSO4+2Al → Al2(SO4)3+3Cu3Cu2++2Al → 2Al3++3Cu3CuSO4+2Na3PO4 → Cu3(PO4)2 ↓ +3Na2SO43Cu2++2PO − → Cu3(PO4)2 ↓] ]4.
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Тип файла PDF
PDF-формат наиболее широко используется для просмотра любого типа файлов на любом устройстве. В него можно сохранить документ, таблицы, презентацию, текст, чертежи, вычисления, графики и всё остальное, что можно показать на экране любого устройства. Именно его лучше всего использовать для печати.
Например, если Вам нужно распечатать чертёж из автокада, Вы сохраните чертёж на флешку, но будет ли автокад в пункте печати? А если будет, то нужная версия с нужными библиотеками? Именно для этого и нужен формат PDF - в нём точно будет показано верно вне зависимости от того, в какой программе создали PDF-файл и есть ли нужная программа для его просмотра.
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