ГДЗ-Химия-9-класс-Дидактические-материалы-Радецкий-2000 (991555), страница 4
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C + O2 → CO2ω(C) = 100% – 8% = 92%m(C) = 500 ⋅ 0,92 = 460 ]460 ]oeC + O2 → CO 212 ]22,4 e460x=1222,4460 ⋅ 22,4oe12Hl\_lV(CO2) = 859 e8.o]336 eC + O2 → CO 212 ]22,4 ex336=12 22,412 ⋅ 336o]22,4180ωKbeb187,5Hl\_lωK 9. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2ω(CaCO3) = 100% – 5% = 95%m(CaCO3) = 0,95 ⋅ 600 = 570 ]570n(CaCO3) = n(CO2) == 5,7 fhev100V(CO2) = n ⋅ Vm = 5,7 ⋅ 22,4 = 127,7 eHl\_ln(CO2) = 5,7 fhevV(CO2) = 127,7 e4410.oe3 d]22,4 e100 d]Ca(OH)2 + CO 2 → CaCO3 + H2Ox3=22,4 1003 ⋅ 22,4oe1000,672ωKH2) =beb2000Hl\_lωKH2) = 0,0336%.t011. BaCO3 → BaO + CO2ω(BaCO3) = 100% – 3% = 97%m(BaCO3) = 0,97 ⋅ 80 = 77,6 ]t0BaCO3 → BaO + CO277,6n(BaCO3) = n(BaO) == 0,394 fhev197m(BaO) = n ⋅ M(BaO) = 0,394 ⋅ 153 = 60,3 ]Hl\_l n(BaO) = 0,394 fhevm(BaO) = 60,3 ]12.
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2m(CaCO3) = 0,95 ⋅ 60 = 57 ]57n(CaCO3) = n(CO2) == 0,57 fhev100V(CO2) = n ⋅ Vm = 0,57 ⋅ 22,4 = 12,8 eHl\_ln(CO2) = 0,57 fhevV(CO2) = 12,8 e13.o d]22 e100 d]44 eCaCO3 → CaO + CO 2x22=100 4422 ⋅ 100o]4450ω(CaCO3) == 0,926 beb54Hl\_lω(CaCO3) = 92,6%.14. SiO2 + C → CO2 + Siω(SiO2) = 100% – 5% = 95%m(SiO2) = 60 ⋅ 0,95 = 57 ]4557 ]o]SiO 2 + C → CO2 + Si28 ]60 ]57x=60 2857 ⋅ 28o]60Hl\_lm(Si) = 26,6 ]JZ[hlZBlh]h\Zyihl_f_IV<ZjbZgl1.CO2ijbagZdbkjZ\g_gbyZKhklZ\kljh_gb_ H K HDjbklZeebq_kdZyj_r_ldZfhe_dmeyjgZy[Nbabq_kdb_k\hckl\Zgm=Za[_ap\_lZ[_aaZiZoZ\Obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\ZKO2 +2NaOH→Na2CO3 + H2OCO2 + CaO → CaCO3CO2 + H2O → H2CO3SiO2O=Si=ODjbklZeebq_kdZyj_r_ldZZlhfgZykms_kl\m_l\ \b^_djbklZeeh\L\_j^h_\_s_kl\hl_fgh]hp\_lZtie = 1713 KSiO2 + 2NaOH →→ Na2SiO3 + H2OSiO2 + CaO →CaSiO3SiO2 + 4HF → SiF4 ++ 2H2O>eyhqbkldbKHhlijbf_k_cKH2 fh`ghbkihevah\ZlvCa(OH)2— ba\_kldh\mx\h^mb NaOH — ]b^jhdkb^gZljbyCa(OH)2 + 2CO2 → Ca(HCO3)2Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2ONaOH + CO2 → NaHCO32NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O→ CaCO3 → CO2 → Ca(HCO3)2 → CO23.
Na2CO3 1) Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + 2NaOH1)2)3)4)t02) CaCO3 → CaO + CO23) 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(HCO3)24) Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO3 + CO2 + H2Ot04. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2ω(CaCO3) = 100% – 6% = 94%m(CaCO3) = 400 ⋅ 0,94 = 376 ]46376 d]oe0tCaCO3 → CaO + CO 222,4 e100 d]376x=100 22,4376 ⋅ 22,4oe100Hl\_lV(CO2) = 84,2 e<ZjbZgl1.ijbagZdbkjZ\g_gbyZKhklZ\kljh_gb_ +²2+²2H2CO3+²2& 2+²2H2SiO36L2+² 2 +² 2 +² 2²2²6L²2²6L²2²6L²2²+² 2 +² 2 +² 2y\ey_lkyihebf_jhfKms_kl\m_l\ \b^_ihebf_jguop_i_cdheehb^gucjZkl\hj[Nbabq_kdb_k\hckl\ZKms_kl\m_llhevdh\jZkl\hj_[_kp\_lgucjZkl\hj[_aaZiZoZH2SiO3 + 2NaOH → Na2SiO3 + 2H2OH2CO3 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + 2H2O\Obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Z0tH2SiO3 → H2O + SiO2t0H2CO3 → H2O + CO22.
Ca(NO3)2 + K2CO3 → CaCO3↓ + 2KNO3Ca(NO3)2 + MgSO4 → CaSO4↓ + Mg(NO3)2HkZ^hdij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hckf_kvCaCO3 b CaSO4.3. CO2 → Na2CO3 → NaHCO3 → CO2 → CaCO31) CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O2) Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 → 2NaHCO31)2)3)4)t03) 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO24) CO2 + CaO → CaCO34.
SiO2 + 2Mg → Si + 2MgOω(SiO2) = 100% – 3% = 97%m(SiO2) = 30 ⋅ 0,97 = 29,1 ]29,1 ]o]SiO 2 + 2Mg → Si + 2MgO60 ]28 ]4729,1x=602829,1 ⋅ 28o]60Hl\_lm(Si) = 13,6 ]<ZjbZgl1.ijbagZdbkjZ\g_gby=jZnblZKhklZ\b:lhfum]e_jh^Zkljh_gb_gZoh^ylky\ khklhygbbsp2-]b[jb^baZpbbZlhfZkh_^bgyxlky^jm]k^jm]hfZ c hklZ_lkyk\h[h^gufZlhfujZkiheh`_gukehyfb[Nbabq_kdb_L\_j^h_lm]hieZ\dh_k\hckl\Z\_s_kl\hk_jh]hp\_lZ`bjgh_gZhsmivwe_dljhijh\h^_g\Obfbq_kdb_C + O2 → CO2k\hckl\ZC + 2H2 → CH4C + 2F2 → CF42C + Ca → CaC2C + CuO → Cu + CODjbklZeebq_kdbcdj_fgbcKlmdlmjZZgZeh]bqgZkljmdlmj_ZefZaZZlhfgZydjbklZeebq_kdZyj_r_ldZZlhfudj_fgby\khklhygbbsp3-]b[jb^baZpbby\ey_lkyihemijh\h^gbdhfL\_j^h_l_fghk_jh_\_s_kl\hkf_lZeebq_kdbf[e_kdhftie = 1420 KSi + O2 → SiO2Si + 2F2 → SiF4Si + 2Mg → Mg2SiSi+2NaOH+H2O→Na2SiO3 + 2H22.
Na2CO3 + BaCl2 → 2NaCl + BaCO3↓Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4↓ + 2NaClBaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2 + CO2↑ + H2OBaSO4 + 2HNO3 →/3. CO2 → CaCO3 → Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO3 → CO21) CO2 + CaO → CaCO32) CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 → Ca(HCO3)21)2)3)4)t03) Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO3 + H2O + CO24) CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO24. CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2ω(CaCO3) = 100% – 3% = 97%m(CaCO3) = 20 ⋅ 0,97 = 19,4 ]19,4 ]oe100 d]22,4 eCaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO 219,4x=10022,448o19,4 ⋅ 22,4e100Hl\_lV(CO2) = 4,35 e<ZjbZgl1.ijbagZdbkjZ\g_gbyKHKH2Nbabq_kdb_=Za[_ap\_lZ[_aaZiZoZ =Za[_ap\_lZ[_aaZiZoZk\hckl\Zk ijbf_kyfbbf__lfZehjZkl\hjbf\ \h^_ly`_e__oZjZdl_jgucaZiZo\ha^moZy^h\ble_]q_\ha^moZObfbq_kdb_CO2 + H2O - H2CO3CuO+CO→Cu+ CO2k\hckl\Z2CO + O2 → 2CO2CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2OCO2 + CaO → CaCO32.
Kh^_j`bfh_dZ`^hcijh[bjdbfh`ghhij_^_eblvijbihfhsbjZkl\hjZHCl.Na2SiO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2SiO3↓Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2↑Na2SO4 + 2HCl →/→ K2SiO → H2SiO3 → SiO2 → Si3. SiO2 1) SiO2 + 2KOH → K2SiO3 + H2O2) K2SiO3 + 2HCl → 2KCl + H2SiO3↓1)2)3)4)t03) H2SiO3 → H2O + SiO24) SiO2 + C → Si + CO24.
Si + O2 → SiO2ω(Si) = 100% – 5% = 95%m(Si) = 0,95 ⋅ 60 = 57 ]57 ]o]Si + O2 → SiO 228 ]60 ]57x=28 6057 ⋅ 60o]28Hl\_lm(SiO2) = 122,14 ]49L_fZVH[sb_k\hckl\Zf_lZeeh\JZ[hlZKihkh[uihemq_gbyf_lZeeh\<ZjbZgl-21. Cu +12 O +C0hdbkebl_ev \hkklZgh\bl_ev-2Cu +1C0→2 O +hdbkebl_ev \hkklZgh\bl_ev→2Cu0 + C+2O–2Cu0 + C+2O–22. 3MnO2 + 4Al → 2Al2O3 + 3Mnω(MnO2) = 100% – 5% = 95%m(MnO2) = 90 ⋅ 0,95 = 85,5 ]85,5 ]o]3MnO 2 + 4Al → 2Al2O3 + 3Mn3⋅55 ]3⋅87 ]85,5x=3 ⋅ 87 3 ⋅ 5585,5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 55o]3 ⋅ 87Hl\_lm(Mn) = 54,05 ]<ZjbZgl1. Cr2+3O3 + 2Al0→ Al2+3O3–2 + 2Cr0hdbkebl_ev960 ]\hkklZgh\bl_evo]2. Fe 2 O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2160 ]2⋅56 ]960x=160 2 ⋅ 56960 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 56o]160mij = η(Fe) ⋅ ml_hj = 0,9 ⋅ ]Hl\_lm(Fe) = 604,8 ]<ZjbZgl+2 -2→ Pb0 + 2C+4O2–2Z Pb +4 O-22 + 2C Ohdbkebl_ev[ Cu +2 O -2 +hdbkebl_evo]\hkklZgh\bl_evC +2 O-2\hkklZgh\bl_ev→ Cu0 + C+4O2–252 ]2.
Cr2 O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Cr152 ]2⋅52 ]50x52=152 2 ⋅ 52152 ⋅ 52o]2 ⋅ 52ω(Cr2O3) = 100% – 10% = 90%mij76ml_hjKr2O3) == 84,4 ]=ω(Cr2 O3 ) 0,9Hl\_lm(Cr2O3) = 84,4 ]<ZjbZgl1. Mo +6 O3-2 +3H02→Mo0+3H2+1O–2hdbkebl_ev160 ]\hkklZgh\bl_evo]2.
CuO + C → Cu + CO80 ]64 ]160x=806464 ⋅ 160o]80mij(Cu) = ml_hj(Cu) ⋅ η(Cu) = 0,85 ⋅ 128 = 108,8 ]Hl\_lm(Cu) = 108,8 ]JZ[hlZObfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zf_lZeeh\<ZjbZglZNa0 + S0 → Na2+1S–2Na 0 − 1e− → Na +1 21S0 + 2 e − → S − 22Na + S → Na2S[ Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2↑\ 2Al + 3Br2 → 2AlBr32. [Zn + Hg(NO3)2 → Hg↓ + Zn(NO3)2Zn + Hg2+ → Zn2+ + Hg\ Mg + Pb(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + Pb↓Mg + Pb2+ → Pb + Mg2+<ZjbZglZCu0 + O20 → Cu2+O–2Cu 0 − 2e− → Cu +2 2O 2 + 4 e − → 2 O −2 1512Cu + O2 → 2CuO→ 2FeCl3[2Fe + 3Cl2 \ Ba + 2H2O → Ba(OH)2 + H22.
ZCu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag↓Cu + 2Ag+ → Cu2+ + 2Ag↓[ Fe + Hg(NO3)2 → Fe(NO3)2 + Hg↓Fe + Hg2+ → Fe2+ + Hg↓<ZjbZglZAl0 + I20 → Al+3I3–1Al 0 − 3e − → Al +3 23I 02 + 2e − → 2I −1tR2Al + 3I2 → 2AlI3[ Cu + S → CuS\ 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H22. ZFe + CuCl2 → Cu↓ + FeCl2Fe + Cu2+ → Cu↓ + Fe2+\ 2Al + 3Pb(NO3)2 → 3Pb↓ + 2Al(NO3)32Al + 3Pb2+ → 3Pb↓ + 2Al+3<ZjbZglZMg0 + H+1Cl–1 → Mg+2Cl2–1 + H20Mg0 − 2e − → Mg +2 112 H +1 + 2e− → H 02Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2[ 2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO\ Ca + Cl2 → CaCl22.
ZMg + Hg(NO3)2 → Hg↓ + Mg(NO3)2Mg + Hg2+ → Hg↓ + MgNO3)2\ Zn + FeSO4 → Fe + ZnSO4Zn + Fe2+ → Fe + Zn2+<ZjbZglJZ[hlZWe_dljhebaDhjjhabyf_lZeeh\Z A 2Cl– – 2e– → Cl20( +)( −)K K+ + 1e– → K0we a−2KClj\ → 2K + Cl252[ A 2Br– – 2e– → Br20( +)( −)K Zn2+ + 2e– → Zn02H2O + 2e– → H2 + 2OH–we a−ZnBr2 + H2O → Zn + Br2↓ + Zn(OH)2 + H2↑2. Dhjjhaby²kZfhijhba\hevgucijhp_kkjZajmr_gbyf_lZeeZih^\ha^_ckl\b_fhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uAZf_^e_gbxdhjjhabbkihkh[kl\m_lZs_ehqghklvkj_^u[ihgb`_gb_l_fi_jZlmju\ihdjulb_aZsblgufbkehyfbJZajmrblkydjurdZld`_e_ah[he__Zdlb\gucf_lZee<ZjbZglZ A 2I– – 2e– → I20( +)( −)K 2H2O + 2e– → H2 + 2OH–we a−2NaI + 2H2O → I2↓ + H2↑ + 2NaOH[ A 2Cl– – 2e– → Cl20( +)( −)K Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu0we a−CuCl2 jj → Cu + Cl22. JZaebqZxlZObfbq_kdmxdhjjhabx²\ hkgh\_e_`blobfbq_kdh_\aZbfh^_ckl\b_[We_dljhobfbq_kdmxdhjjhabx²gZjy^mk obfbq_kdbfijhp_kkhfgZ[ex^Zxlkywe_dljbq_kdb_ijhp_kkuLd\hagbdZ_l]Zev\Zgbq_kdbcwe_f_glFe-Sn b ijhl_dZ_lijhp_kkdhjjhabb<ZjbZglZ A 2Br– – 2e– → Br20( +)( −)K 2H2O + 2e– → H2 + 2OH–we a−2KBr + 2H2O → Br2↓ + H2↑ + 2KOH[ A 2Cl– – 2e– → Cl20( +)( −)K Ca2+ + 2e– → Ca0we a−CaCl2 j\ → Ca + Cl22.
Mkbe_gbxdhjjhabbkihkh[kl\mxlZIh\ur_gb_dbkehlghklbkj_^u53[Ih\ur_gb_l_fi_jZlmju\DhglZdlk f_lZeehf:exfbgbcb pbgdjZajmrZlky[uklj__ldwlh[he__Zdlb\gu_f_lZeeu<ZjbZglZ A 2Cl– – 2e– → Cl20 1( +)( −)K Na+ + 1e– → Na2we − a2NaCl → 2Na + Cl2[ A 2Br– – 2e– → Br20( +)( −)K Fe2+ + 2e– → Fe0we a−FeBr2 j\ → Fe + Br22. 1) GZg_k_gb_aZsblguoihdjulbcbkihevah\Zgb_ZahlghcdbkehluPbgdjZajmrZ_lky[uklj__ihlhfmqlhhg[he__Zdlb\gucf_lZeeq_f`_e_ahJZ[hlZS_ehqgu_b s_ehqgha_f_evgu_f_lZeeu<ZjbZglZ[\1. Ca → CaO → CaCO3 → Ca(NO3)2Z2Ca + O2 → 2CaO[ CaO + CO2 → CaCO3\ CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2↑2. S_ehqgu_f_lZeeuijhy\eyxl\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Z2Li0 + Cl20 → 2Li+1Cl–1Li0 – 1e– → Li+1 \hkklZgh\bl_evCa0 + S0 → Ca+2S–2Ca0 – 2e– → Ca+2 \hkklZgh\bl_ev20 ]25 ]3.
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