ГДЗ-Химия-9-класс-Габриелян-2002 (991184), страница 6

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2C + Ca = CaC2;&H &− hdbkebl_ev &D − H &D \hkklZgh\bl_ev2. CaC2 + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + C2H2↑;3. 2C2H2 + 5O2 = 4CO2↑ + 2H2O;&− − H & + \hkklZgh\bl_evH H H − hdbkebl_ev 4. CO2 + C = 2CO.§ 29Dbkehjh^gu_kh_^bg_gbym]e_jh^Z<hijhktFe2O3 + 3CO = 2Fe + 3CO2↑)H+ + H = )H&+− H = &+<hijhkG_khe_h[jZamxsb_ bebbg^bnn_j_glgu_ hdkb^u g_ j_Z]bjmxsb_k \h^hc ²wlhgZijbf_jK2126L2djZcg_g_mklhcqb\uc<hijhkKH H2KH2.Ih\ur_gb_^Z\e_gbyijb\h^bld kf_s_gbxiheh`_gbyjZ\gh\_kby\ijZ\h<hijhkKH2 G2HG2KH3,53KH2 + 2Mg = 2MgO + C;1C 4 + + 4e = C 04 .02+2Mg − 2e = MgKH2 KKH<hijhkIjbjZkl\hj_gbbm]e_dbkeh]h]ZaZ\ \h^_h[jZam_lkykeZ[Zym]hevgZydbkehlZihwlhfmeZdfmkbf__ldjZkgmxhdjZkdmCO2 + H2OH2CO3IjbklhygbbjZkl\hjZm]hevgZydbkehlZjZaeZ]Z_lkyb jZkl\hjkgh\ZklZgh\blkyg_cljZevguf <hijhkCuCO3 ²kj_^gyyfhev ²dZj[hgZlf_^b,,&XG&23)2 ²dbkeZykhev ²]b^jhdZj[hgZlf_^b,II),(CuOH)2CO3 ²hkgh\gZykhev ²]b^jhdkhdZj[hgZlf_^b,,fZeZoblBai_j_qbke_gguokhe_clhevdh&X+&23)2 y\ey_lkywe_dljheblhf&XG&23)2 Cu2+ + 2CO32– + 2H+.<hijhkZKD&23 → CaO → &Z2+2 → CaCO3 → Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO312345t1.

CaCO3 = CaO + CO2↑;2. CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2;3. Ca(OH)2 + COg_^ = CaCO3 + H2O;4. CaCO3 + COba[ + H2O = Ca(HCO3)2;t5. Ca(HCO3)2 = CaCO3 + H2O + CO2↑.[K → CO2 → CO → CO2 → C1234t& − H = & +1.2C + O2 = CO2;+ H = 2−& + + H = &+2. CO2 + C = 2CO;& − H = && − +&H3. 2CO + O2 = 2CO2;2 H 2t4. CO2 + 2Mg = 2MgO + C.54& H&0J − H 0J<hijhk>ZghPjjZ1D2CO3 ]ω1(Na2CO3) = 2 %;m(Na2CO3⋅G2H ]GZclb: ω2(Na2CO3)J_r_gb_GZc^_ffZkkm1D2CO3 \ djbklZeeh]b^jZl_m(Na2CO3)=m(Na2CO3⋅G2H⋅ω(Na2CO3)==m(Na2CO3⋅G2H⋅0U1D &2 = 14,3⋅+ 0U1D &2 + 0U+ 2GZc^_ffZkkm1D2CO3 \ jZkl\hj_m(Na2CO3 PjjZ1D2CO3)⋅ω1(Na2CO3) = 1060⋅ ]3. ω2(Na2CO3)=]P1D &2 h[s= ] + ] ]Pj − jZ + P1D &2 ⋅ + 2 ] + ]Hl\_l: ω2(Na2CO3 ] beb %.<hijhk§ 30Dj_fgbcb _]hkh_^bg_gby>bhdkb^dj_fgbyb m]e_dbkeuc]Zay\eyxlkydbkehlgufbhdkb^ZfbH^gZdh\ hlebqb_hlKH2 hdkb^dj_fgby,9bf__lg_fhe_dmeyjgmxZ ZlhfgmxdjbklZeebq_kdmxj_r_ldmIhwlhfm6L22y\ey_lkyl\_j^ufb lm]hieZ\dbf\_s_kl\hfZ KH2 y\ey_lky]ZahfM]e_dbkeuc]Za\aZbfh^_ckl\m_lk \h^hck h[jZah\Zgb_fm]hevghcdbkehlu+2O + CO2 ∅ H2CO3\aZbfh^_ckl\m_lk s_ehqZfbKH2 ++ 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H22j_Z]bjm_lk hkgh\gufbhdkb^ZfbKH2 ++ KZH KZKH3\klmiZ_l\ j_Zdpbxk f_lZeebq_kdbffZ]gb_fKH2 + + 2Mg = 2MgO + C.Hdkb^dj_fgby,9g_jZkl\hjy_lky\ \h^_\aZbfh^_ckl\m_lijb\ukhdbol_fi_jZlmjZokhs_ehqZfbk h[jZah\Zgb_fkbebdZlh\tSiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H22\aZbfh^_ckl\m_lijbkieZ\e_gbbkhkgh\gufbhdkb^Zfb SiO2 + CaO = CaSiO3, j_Z]bjm_lk fZ]gb_fSiO2 + 2Mg ⇒ 2MgO + Si.t<hijhkM]e_jh^ ² wlh hkh[uc obfbq_kdbc we_f_gl Hg hkgh\Zfgh]hh[jZaby hj]Zgbq_kdbo kh_^bg_gbc ba dhlhjuo ihkljh_gu \k_`b\u_hj]ZgbafugZgZr_cieZg_l_< ijbjh^_dj_fgbc ²\lhjhcihjZkijhkljZg_gghklbihke_dbkehjh^Zobfbq_kdbcwe_f_glA_fgZydhjZ[he__q_fgZq_l\_jlvkhklhblba_]hkh_^bg_gbc Ihwlhfmm]e_jh^gZau\Zxlhkgh\guf55we_f_glhf`b\hcijbjh^uZ dj_fgbc²hkgh\gufwe_f_glhfg_`b\hcijbjh^u<hijhk>Zgh: m(Si + ij ]V(H2) = 22,4 eω(NaOH) = 60 %.GZclb: ω(Si), m(SiO2), m(jjZNaOH)J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_ZdpbcSi + 2NaOH + H2O = Na2SiO3 + 2H2↑.BamjZ\g_gby\b^ghqlhbafhevdj_fgbyihemqZ_lkyfhev\h^hjh^ZAgZqbl11 V(H 2 )122,4 eν(Si) = νG2) = ⋅fhev= ⋅22Vν2 22,4 e / fhevLh]^Zm(Si) = ν(Si)⋅M(Si) = 0,5⋅28 = 14]14]m(Si)ω(Si) =⋅0,875 = 87,5 %.=m(Si + ij)16]2.

m(SiO2) = m(Si ij±m(Si) = 16]±] ]BamjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbb\b^ghqlh^eyjZkl\hj_gbyfhevdj_fgbygm`gh\aylvfhevs_ehqbKe_^h\Zl_evghν(NaOH) = 2ν(Si) == 2⋅0fhev fhevm(NaOH) = ν(NaOH)⋅M(NaOH) = fhev⋅]fhev ]m( NaOH)40]PjjZ1D2+ ]=0,6ω( NaOH)Hl\_l: ω(Si) = 87,5 %; m(SiO2) = 2 ]PjjZ1D2+ ]<hijhk12345Z6LO2 →→Si →Ca2Si SiH4 →SiO2 →Sit6L + + H = 6L ,1. SiO2 + 2Mg = 2MgO + Si;0J − H = 0J+t6L + H = 6L −2. Si + 2Ca = Ca2Si;&D − H = &D+3. Ca2Si + 4H2O = 2Ca(OH)2 + SiH4↑;4. SiH4 + 2O2 = SiO2 + 2H2O;6L − − H = 6L +2+ H = 2−W,5. SiO2 + Mg = 2MgO + Si.56[6L 6L2 →1D6L2 +6L2 →6L2 6L→→→t6L − H = 6L + ,1. Si + O2 = SiO2;2+ H = 2−t2. SiO2 + 2NaOHl\ = Na2SiO3 + H2O↑;3. Na2SiO3 + H2SO4 = H2SiO3↓ + Na2SO4;t4.

H2SiO3 = H2O + SiO2.t5. SiO2 + 2Mg = Si + 2MgO.<hijhkDhg_qgh`_wlhkh_^bg_gb_ ²hdkb^dj_fgby(IV).<hijhkHlebqbl_evghchkh[_gghklvxkl_deZy\ey_lky_]hk\hckl\hjZafy]qZlvkyb \jZkieZ\e_gghf\b^_ijbgbfZlvex[mxnhjfmdhlhjZykhojZgy_lkyijbaZklu\Zgbbkl_deZGZwlhfhkgh\Zghijhba\h^kl\hihkm^ub ^jm]boba^_ebcbakl_deZ>hihegbl_evgu_dZq_kl\Zkl_demijb^ZxljZaebqgu_^h[Z\dbLZd\\_^_gb_fhdkb^Zk\bgpZihemqZxlojmklZevgh_kl_dehhdkb^ojhfZhdjZrb\Z_lkl_deh\ a_e_gucp\_lhdkb^dh[ZevlZ ²\ kbgbcb l^H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby kl_deZ hq_gv h[rbjgZ Wlh hdhggh_[mluehqgh_ eZfih\h_ a_jdZevgh_ kl_deh kl_deh hilbq_kdh_ ² hlkl_dhehqdh\^hkl_dhenhlhdZf_jebgau[_kqbke_gguo ijb[hjh\ ²hlfbdjhkdhih\ ^hl_e_kdhih\57=eZ\Z 3Hj]Zgbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Z<hijhk§ 31Ij_^f_lhj]Zgbq_kdhcobfbbS=C=Sk_jhm]e_jh^&Oljboehjf_lZgG&O&&O+G GKGGKGGG GKGKGKG3 ²KG3 ijhiZgGKGGKGGKG3 ²KG2 ²KG2 ²KG3 [mlZg<hijhkK2G6kl_i_gvhdbke_gbym]e_jh^Z±kl_i_gvhdbke_gby\h^hjh^Z\Ze_glghklvm]e_jh^Z\Ze_glghklv\h^hjh^ZGG GK KGGGN2kl_i_gvhdbke_gbyZahlZ\Ze_glghklvN ≡ N.H2O2: kl_i_gvhdbke_gbydbkehjh^Z±kl_i_gvhdbke_gby\h^hjh^Z\Ze_glghklvdbkehjh^Z\Ze_glghklv\h^hjh^ZG ²H ²H ²G<hijhkL_hjby:F;mle_jh\Zml\_j`^Z_l lhqlhdZ`^h_\_s_kl\hbf__lhij_^_e_ggh_obfbq_kdh_kljh_gb_hldhlhjh]haZ\bkylk\hckl\Z\_s_kl\K\hckl\Z\_s_kl\aZ\bkylhlijbjh^uobfbq_kdbowe_f_glh\hlbodhebq_kl\Zb hllh]hdZdhgbkh_^bgyxlkyf_`^mkh[hcIjb\_^_f ijbf_j ^\mo bahf_jh\ k jZaebqgufb obfbq_kdbfbk\hckl\Zfb58+1+1NH4 — N = K = O& 2fhq_\bgZpbZgZlZffhgby<hijhkKl_i_gvhdbke_gbyoZjZdl_jbam_ldhebq_kl\hijbgyluobebhl^Zgguowe_f_glhfwe_dljhgh\Kl_i_gvhdbke_gbyfh`_l[ulviheh`bl_evghchljbpZl_evghcgme_\hc<Ze_glghklvihdZau\Z_ldhebq_kl\hk\ya_cdhlhju_h[jZam_lwe_f_gl\ fhe_dme_<Ze_glghklvfh`_l[ulvlhevdhiheh`bl_evghc<hijhkIj_^hklZ\ey_f\Zf\hafh`ghklvih^mfZlvgZ^wlbf\hijhkhfkZfbf<hijhk>Zgh: V(CH4) = f3, ηH2)\ha^ = 21 %.GZclb: V\ha^J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbk`b]Zgbyf_lZgZWKG4 H2 KH2 G2HBa mjZ\g_gby \b^gh qlh ^ey k`b]Zgby fhev f_lZgZ g_h[oh^bfh2 fhevdbkehjh^ZAgZqblνH2) = 2νKG4) = 2⋅V(CH 4 ).VνV (CH 4 )Vν (O 2 )VνV (O 2 )νLh]^ZV\ha^ ===η(O 2 )\ha^η(O 2 )\ha^η(O 2 )\ha^2 ⋅ V(CH 4 )2 ⋅ 250f 3f3.==η(O 2 )\ha^0,21Hl\_l: V\ha^ f3.2⋅§ 32Ij_^_evgu_m]e_\h^hjh^u<hijhkIjbqbgu fgh]hh[jZaby m]e_\h^hjh^h\ ykgu ba iheh`_gbc l_hjbb:F ;mle_jh\Z:lhfu\ fhe_dmeZohj]Zgbq_kdbo\_s_kl\k\yaZgu^jm]k ^jm]hfkh]eZkghbo\Ze_glghklb59 K\hckl\Z\_s_kl\aZ\bkylg_lhevdhhlkhklZ\Z bo fhe_dme gh bhlbokljh_gby<hijhk=hfheh]bq_kdbcjy^fh`ghaZibkZlvdZdCn H2n+2.M]e_\h^hjh^uk n ≤ y\eyxlky]ZaZfbM]e_\h^hjh^uk < n ≤ y\eyxlky`b^dhklyfbM]e_\h^hjh^uk n ≥ y\eyxlkyl\_j^ufb\_s_kl\ZfbIhf_j_m\_ebq_gbyn m\_ebqb\Z_lkyl_fi_jZlmjZdbi_gbybieZ\e_gbym]e_\h^hjh^h\<hijhkGZ]hjh^kdhfb k_evkdhohayckl\_gghfljZgkihjl_ijbf_gyxlky[_gabgd_jhkbgkheyjdZ^ba_evgh_lhieb\hhgby\eyxlkye_]dh\hkieZf_gyxsbfbky]hjxqbfb\_s_kl\Zfihwlhfmke_^m_lkh[ex^Zlvijhlb\hih`Zjgu_ijZ\beZl_ogbdb[_ahiZkghklb<hijhkZ=hfheh]bKG ²KG ²&+ ²KG&+KG ²KG ²KG&+bah[mlZg[Bahf_juKG3 ²KG2 ²KG2 ²KG2 ²KG3i_glZgKG3 ²KG2 ²KG3ijhiZg&+&+&&+&+l_ljZf_lbef_lZg<hijhkK3G8 K3G6 G2↑; K3H6 — ijhi_gK4G10 K4G8 G2↑; K4G8 —[ml_g<hijhk>Zgh: Vkf_kb eηKH2) = 10 %.GZclb: V(O2)J_r_gb_GZc^_fh[t_fijhiZgZ[_aijbf_kbV(C3H8)=V(kf_kb±V(kf_kb⋅ηKH2 e ±e⋅ eAZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_ZdpbbK3G8 H2 KH2 G2HBamjZ\g_gby\b^ghqlh^eyk`b]ZgbyfhevijhiZgZgm`ghfhevdbkehjh^Z60Ke_^h\Zl_evghνH2) = 5νK3G8) = 5⋅ 9&+ .9νLh]^ZV(O2) = Vν⋅νH2) = V#⋅5 V(C3H8 ) = 5⋅ eHl\_l: V(O2) = 100eVν§ 33G_ij_^_evgu_m]e_\h^hjh^uWlbe_gb _]h]hfheh]b<hijhk>ey wlZgZ oZjZdl_j_g lbi j_Zdpbc aZf_s_gby Z ^ey wlbe_gZ —ijbkh_^bg_gby<hijhkJ_Zdpbyijbkh_^bg_gby\h^hjh^ZgZau\Z_lky]b^jbjh\Zgb_fKG2 KG2 G2 → KG3–KG3;KG3±KG CH2 + H2 → CH3–CH2–CH3<hijhk2CH3–CH3 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O; CH2=CH2 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O;hevr_ dbkehjh^Z ihlj_[m_lky ^ey k`b]Zgby wlZgZ ld wlZg bf__lgZ^\Z\h^hjh^Z[hevr_q_fwlbe_gWlbe_g ]hjbl k\_lysbf ieZf_g_f ld \ gf [hevr_ fZkkh\Zy ^heym]e_jh^Zq_f\ wlZg_<hijhkQKG KG ²KG → a &+ &+aQ&+ihebijhibe_gIjh^mdlihebf_jbaZpbbijhibe_gZgZau\Z_lkyihebijhibe_g<hijhk&+Z=hfheh]bCH2[Bahf_ju²i_gl_gC&&+CH3CH3f_lbeijhi_g&+&GCH2=CH–CH3ijhi_gKG KG²KG2 ²KG2 ²KG361KG ²K KG²KG²f_lbe[ml_g<hijhk&+KG2 KG2 → G2 KG≡KGZp_lbe_g:p_lbe_g ijhy\ey_l kbevgh g_ij_^_evguc b ^Z`_ keZ[hdbkehlgucoZjZdl_j§ 34G_ij_^_evgu_m]e_\h^hjh^u:p_lbe_g<hijhkH[sZynhjfmeZm]e_\h^hjh^h\jy^ZZp_lbe_gZCnH2n–2.<hijhk:p_lbe_gfh`ghbgZq_gZa\Zlvwlbghf<hijhkZ=hfheh]b&+≡ &²&+²&+ ²&+&+KG≡ KH, ²wlbg KG≡ K — &+ ²KG3&+²f_lbe[ml_g-1.[Bahf_ju&+&+≡ &²&²&+— 3,3-^bf_lbe[mlbg — ]_dkbg<hijhk&+KG3–K≡K–KG2–KG2–KG3KG≡KG H2 KH2 G2H62:p_lbe_g ]hjbl dhilysbf ieZf_g_f ihlhfm \ g_f hq_gv [hevrZyfZkkh\Zy^heym]e_jh^Z<hijhk>Zgh: m(CaC2) = 720 d]ωij %.GZclb: VK2G2)J_r_gb_GZc^_ffZkkmdZj[b^ZdZevpby[_aijbf_k_cmKaK2) = 720⋅(1–0,2) = 720⋅ d]AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbd]&D& fhev0 ]fhevP ]+ +2 =oe& + ↑ fhev9 efhev9 e+ &D2+KhklZ\bfijhihjpbx] ²e] ²oo ⋅ ⋅ = 201,6⋅103 e f3.Hl\_l: VK2G2 f3.<hijhk>Zgh: V(C2H2) = 134,4 e; W = 75 %.GZclb: mK6G6)J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbe&+ fhev9 efhev9 eWo]& + fhev0 ]fhevP ]e ²o ]e ²]o 78 ⋅ 134,4 ]67,2m(C6H6)l_hj ]GZc^_ffZkkm[_gaheZihemqb\r_]hky\ oh^_j_Zdpbbm(C6H6)ijZdl = m(C6H6)l_hj⋅W ]⋅ ]Hl\_l: m(C6H6) ]§ 35:jhfZlbq_kdb_m]e_\h^hjh^u;_gahe<hijhk=hfheh]K6G5–KG3 ²f_lbe[_gaheK6G5–K2G5 ²wlbe[_gahe63Bahf_jHC≡C–C≡C–CH2–CH2–CH3 ²]_ilZ^bbg<hijhkHj]Zgbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Zrbjhdhijbf_gyxlky\ k_evkdhfohayckl\_^eyaZsblujZkl_gbchl\j_^bl_e_c[he_ag_cb khjgydh\Wlhy^hobfbdZlubebi_klbpb^uIhk\h_fmgZagZq_gbxi_klbpb^u^_eylkygZg_kdhevdh\b^h\Fum`_gZa\Zebbgk_dlbpb^]_dkZoehjZg>eybae_q_gbyjZkl_gbcb ihq\uhl]jb[dh\uoaZ[he_\Zgbcijbf_gyxlnmg]bpb^u^eymgbqlh`_gbykhjgydh\ —]_j[bpb^u^eymgbqlh`_gby\j_^guofbdjhhj]Zgbafh\ —[Zdl_jbpb^uZ ]juamgh\ ²ahhpb^u<k_i_klbpb^u ²y^h\blu_\_s_kl\Zihwlhfmg_h[oh^bfh ke_^blvqlh[uhgbg_ihiZeb\ hj]Zgbaf<hijhk;_gahedZdb Zp_lbe_ggZ khklhblbam]e_jh^Zihwlhfmhgdhilblijbk]hjZgbb>eylh]h qlh[u [_gahe ]hj_e [_a dhihlb fh`gh \f_klh dbkehjh^Zbkihevah\Zlv hahgdZd[he__kbevguchdbkebl_ev<hijhk< hkgh\_ijbf_g_gby[_gaheZ\ khklZ\_fhlhjgh]hlhieb\Ze_`blj_Zdpby]b^jbjh\Zgbyl_gZkus_gbym]e_jh^Z\h^hjh^hfG2 ⇒<hijhk1.

CaC2 + 2H2O ⇒ C2H2 + Ca(OH)2.t, p, cat2. 3C2H2 ⇒NO 23.+ HONO2 ⇒+ H2O .§ 36Kibjlu<hijhkKG3HG H2 ⇒ KH2↑ G2H ²]hjbl[_kp\_lgufieZf_g_ft64K2G5HG H2 ⇒ KH2↑ G2H ²]hjblk\_lysbfky]hem[h\ZlufieZf_g_ft3) 2CH2OHCH2H2 ⇒ KH2 G2HtOH4) 2 CH2 CH CH2 H2 ⇒ KH2 G2HtOHOH<hijhkOHWKGHG &XH ⇒ +&2+&X +2↑<hijhkF_lbeh\ucb wlbeh\uckibjluijbf_gyxlky\ dZq_kl\_jZkl\hjbl_e_c<hijhkKG2 KG2 G2H ⇒ KG3KG2HG + Q.Obfbq_kdh_jZ\gh\_kb_wlhcj_Zdpbbfh`ghkf_klblv\ijZ\hih\ukb\^Z\e_gb_b h[_ki_qb\hl\h^l_ieZ<hijhk>Zgh: νK6G12H6 fhevGZclb: m(C2H5OH), V(CO2)J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_ZdpbbK6G12H6 → K2G5HG KH2↑.BamjZ\g_gby\b^ghqlhbafhev]exdhaufhevm]e_dbkeh]h]ZaZIhwlhfmbafhev]exdhauihemqbehkvfhevKH2.Lh]^ZVKH2) = νKH2)⋅Vν fhev⋅efhev eHl\_l: m\h^db ]VKH2 e§ 37:ev^_]b^u<hijhkKGHG >2@→ &+ &2++2&+≡ KG GH→ &+ &+ → &+ &2+2+65<hijhkKGHG >2@→ +&<hijhk.

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