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Watson,President,fou nder IBM2 Tell students to use words and phrases from 1.O-it1 information2 icon3 pictures4 costs5 the page6 theWeb7 a new document8 menuPronunciation-ed form of verbs and words with silent lettersGive a few exam ples when explaining about the three ways ofpronouncing -ed. (For example pushed /t/; closed /d/; moulded /id/.)Get students to write the words into the correct columns as they listen./t/finishedmixedproducedsearchedworked/d/controlledcustomizeddamageddisabledplanned/id/constructedintegratedinventedoperatedreflected2 (J"j) Get students to listen and check their answers. If they make manychanges, let them listen once more to confirm their answers.♦ Tipverbs en d in g in a / t /o r /d / so u n d tak e /id /verbs en d in g in an unvoiced c o n so n a n tsuch a s /s/ ta k e it!ver bs en d in g in a voiced c o n so n a n t or vowelt a k e id !3 Let students discuss this for a short while with their partners and then takesuggestions from the class.
Try to elicit these rules from students (see Tip).4 Get students to do this task individually. Check their answers.O tt 1 listening2 might3 modelling4 pneumatic5 should6 vehicle7would5 (<j) Get students to listen and check their answers.SpeakingComputer peripheralsCheck students understand the m eaning of peripherals by asking forexam ples (printer, scanner, mouse, speakers).1 When both students have completed the task, they can look at each other’spage to check that they have identified the peripherals correctly.♦ Tip/ n p u t - e q u i p m e n t t h a t directs informationinto th e compute r, such a s a m o u s eO u t p u t - e q u i p m e n t t h a t p r o c e s se sinform ation co m in g o u t o f th e co mputer,su ch a s a printer2 Get students to work in pairs to do this task.Orr Inputjoypadwifi mousewebcameraOutputprintermonitorspeakersInputVoIP phone (both)scannerOutputVoIP phone (both)Webquest♦ TipIn m e a s u r i n g c o m p u te r s p e e d s th e termte ra flo p m e a n s trillio n o p e ra tio n s p e rse co n d .kilo = th o u s a n dm eg a = m illio ng ig a = b illio nGet students to complete the table individually and then to compare theiranswers and discuss any differences with others in the group.In 2005, the five fastest computers were: Blue Gene, BGW, Columbia, EarthSimulator, Mare Nostrum.
But the situation changes rapidly: for example,China is building a 100 teraflop computer and lapan has plans for a 10petaflop (10 quadrillion) m achine by 2011.tera = trillio np e ta = q u a d rillio nKey wordsGo through the list of words to check students’ pronunciation andunderstanding.
Refer them to the Glossary if necessary.BackgroundTelecommunications is a very important area oftechnology in a world where the fast transm ission oflarger and larger amounts of information (or data) isessential to the smooth running of business, government,and society. Globalization m eans that much of thisinformation flow is international. The informationtransmitted can be sound, im ages, documents, dataoutput from computers, and readings from measuringdevices and instruments.Telecommunications includes telephony, radio, television,email, fax, telemetry (measuring quantities at a distance),and data transmission from one computer to another in anetwork. Data is transm itted in the form of signals, whichcan take the form of electrical pulses (carried by coppercable or wire), light pulses (carried by fibre optic cable,made of glass or plastic), or radio waves (transmittedbetween antennas on the ground, or between satellitedishes on the ground and satellites in orbit around theearth).
Fibre optic cables offer m any advantages overcopper cables. The capacity of copper wires to carrysignals is limited. With fibre optic cables, m any fibres canbe bundled together allowing much more data (whetherphone calls, TV channels, or internet data) to be carried.Radio transmissions have the advantage of covering wideareas, and not requiring the expense and trouble of layingand maintaining cables.More and more information is now sent in digital format,while analogue system s are likely to disappear soon.Analogue system s use a continuously varying signal andare more likely to suffer from noise and interference.Digital systems use a stream of ON or OFF signals, which ismore accurate and resists interference from externalsources.
Digital radio and high-definition digital televisionprovide higher quality sound and pictures than analogueformats. The sounds and im ages we hear and see in real lifeare analogue, and therefore must be converted into digitalformat before they can be transmitted digitally. Olderanalogue devices such as telephones need an extra device,an analogue telephone adaptor (ATA) to adapt or convertanalogue sound into digital signals, and analogue TV setsneed a special adaptor box to convert digital TV signals intoanalogue pictures. Recent devices, such as IP phones anddigital TV sets already have the adaptors built in.Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) allows the Internet tobe used for telephone communication.
Data iscompressed by the caller’s computer, and sent in tinyunits (called packets), each travelling by different routes,decided by a device called a router. Each packet has itsown unique identification and address, so the m essagecan be reassem bled by the receiving computer. VoIP offersmuch cheaper calls than traditional telephone system s.M obile phones (AmE cell phones) have become essentialitems for m any people. They are, in effect, sm all radiotransmitters: they convert sound into digital radio waveswhich are then transm itted via their antennas to thenearest mobile phone towers.
New m odels are introducedevery year with additional features. Text and photom essaging are usually standard. Most mobile phonesallow Internet connections, include digital cameras,permit MP3 music files to be played, and have built-innavigation systems.Switch on1 In small groups, get students to brainstorm and choose one team mem berto write down all the possible ways of sending and receiving m essages.Encourage them to think of unusual ways, such as carrier pigeons, two cansjoined by string, smoke signals, semaphore, Braille, sign language, tapping ona water pipe in a prison cell, and so on.
Get each group to report back to thewhole class.2 Get students to do this task individually.O-w A fibre optic cableB satellite dishC high definition televisionD space satelliteE BG phoneF digital radio3 In pairs, get students to choose one device each and explain to their partnerw hat it does. Note that this is a demanding task, and you will need to helpweaker students with ideas and language. Give weaker students vocabularyprompts based on the key.
(For example, 1 orbit / receive / transmit / signal).Ott A Carries large amounts of dataB Receive and transmit signals on earthC Receives digital television transmissions and displays a high qualityTV pictureD Orbits the earth. Receives and transmits signalsE Receives and transmits telephone calls as well as live video and picturesF Receives digital radio transmissionsIt’s my job1 Q Tell students to listen and note down the answers to the questions.Ott 1 Eight2 phone systems, satellite dishes, antennas,VHF radios,copper cables,fibre-optic networks,VoIP phones, a (telephone) line, a (satellite) dish.3 Norway, Kenya, Belize4 Voice over Internet Protocol2 Q Tell students to listen again, and note down the answers to thequestions. Discuss their answers, and play again where necessary.O-ir 1234In the armyChangefrom copper cables to fibre-optic cables.
Change to VoIP phonesThe equipment has got more complex and also lighter.Being able to explain to clients quite complicated technology insimpleterms5 Working outside in bad weatherLanguage spotPast Simple v Present PerfectDiscuss this question with the whole class. Elicit the answer that sentences1-3 use the Past Simple because the speaker is talking about things thathappened during his time in the army, a period of time that ended eightyears ago. Sentences 4-6 use the Present Perfect because the speaker isreferring to events which took place during a period of time up to thepresent.
Sentence 4 refers to his time in the company, which is stillcontinuing. Sentences 5 and 6 refer to his whole working life, which is alsostill continuing.1 Get students to do this individually in writing. Discuss their answers.O-w 12345has developedinventedwasstartedm ad e/h as made678910has allowedhave beenstartedbeganhas allowed11 has meant12 have (now) developed13 has made2 Get students to do this individually. Discuss their answers.O -it 1 have you been56782 trained3 were you4 servedjoinedHave you seenw e’ve replacedw e’ve introducedGadget boxDiscuss the DoCoMo network. Ask the students how long until thistechnology will be available in their countries. The fingerprint scanner is aprotection from fraud, only the registered user can use the electronic wallet.PronunciationPast Simple v Present Perfect□ Additional activity(w eaker s tu d e n ts )In pairs or s m a l l g r o u p s , s t u d e n t s a s keach o th er q u e s t i o n s b e g i n n i n g H a v e y o uever ..
.7 S t u d e n t s reply tr u th fu lly : N o, Ih a ve n 't or Yes, I h a ve . If t h e y a n s w e r Yes, Ihave, th e q u e s t i o n e r a s k s a fo llo w -u pQuickly revise the difference in form between the Present Perfect and PastSimple. Before playing the text, discuss the first item and elicit that la is thePresent Perfect and lb is the Past Simple. If they are in any doubt, discuss afew more exam ples in this way before playing the text.Then get students to listen and tick the sentence they hear.O-IT 12a3b4b5aquestion: W h e n d id y o u .. . ? to w h i c h th ean sw er is I d id it + t i m e e x p r e s s i o n . Forexample.- A H a v e y o u e v e r d iv e d f r o m aboat? B Yes, I h a ve .
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