On Generalized Signal Waveforms for Satellite Navigation (797942)
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Doctoral ThesisOn Generalized SignalWaveforms for Satellite NavigationbyJosé Ángel Ávila RodríguezMunich, June 2008Vorsitzender (Chairman)1. Berichterstatter (1st Reviewer )2. Berichterstatter (2nd Reviewer)3. Berichterstatter (3rd Reviewer)Univ.-Prof. Dr.sc.math.habil. J. GwinnerUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. W. HeinUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. EissfellerProf. Dr.-Ing. A.R. PrattVollständiger Abdruck der bei der Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik derUniversität der Bundeswehr München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einesDoktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) eingereichten Dissertation.
(2008)UNIVERSITY FAF MUNICHOn Generalized SignalWaveforms for Satellite NavigationbyJosé Ángel Ávila RodríguezA THESISSUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OFAEROSPACE ENGINEERINGIN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THEDEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ENGINEERINGMUNICH, GERMANYJUNE, 2008José Ángel Ávila Rodríguez 2008AbstractAbstractThis thesis provides a comprehensive overview of all current and planned satellite navigationsystems, either global or regional, putting special emphasis on their signal structure. Particularattention is paid to the European Global Navigation Satellite System Galileo, underdevelopment at the moment.
The results of this work can be considered as a significantcontribution to the design and development of the Galileo’s Open Service (OS) in the E1frequency band.The present work provides as main contribution a generally valid theoretical framework withwhich all current and future navigation signals can be described. Generalized signalwaveforms and their corresponding time and spectral characteristics are derived andinvestigated.
Complete families of signals are presented and analyzed regarding their spectraland performance characteristics, underlining their potential for future generations of satellitenavigation systems. This thesis proves that the generalized signal waveforms proposed in thiswork cover any current and other optimized signals that could be proposed in the future. Inthis sense, it is shown that all current navigation signals can be mathematically described asMultilevel Coded spreading Symbols or, in particular, as Binary Coded Symbols.Using the analytical expressions of the generalized signal model, the correspondinggeneralized signal waveforms are further studied regarding their Spectral SeparationCoefficients (SSCs).
This parameter is of great interest in satellite navigation to understandthe compatibility between different signals. Generalized formulas for smooth spectra are alsoderived to calculate the SSCs between any two arbitrary signals. Particular cases of interestare computed following the obtained analytical expressions and by means of simulations withreal Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes.
Results from this comparison show a perfectmatching between the predicted analytical results and the numerical computations. Realisticscenarios are carried out to assess the impact of non-ideal PRN codes and navigation dataonto the spectral properties that have been derived analytically.Finally, current and new multiplexing schemes are studied in detail together with thefeasibility to introduce optimized signal waveforms. Special attention is paid to understandthe required changes that are necessary to multiplex non-binary signals.
Pros and Cons of thedifferent solutions are discussed and investigated with regard to the application of futuresignal waveforms. Among these last ones, the Composite Binary Offset Carrier (CBOC)implementation of the Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier (MBOC) modulation for theGalileo’s Open Service signal in the E1 frequency band deserves an important chapter. Inaddition, some chapters are dedicated to analyze receiver structures optimized to work withMBOC for both GPS and Galileo.AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsA doctoral thesis is very much like climbing a mountain.
You start the trip a sunny day in thehope that the weather will remain favourable for the rest of the adventure. You walk fast atthe beginning and the first steps are always full of confidence. The summit is most of the timein sight. But then come the moments of frustration, bitterness and not always things come outas planned. Many times it looks like you are wandering in circles and instead of movingahead, the goal seems to be every day further. Other times you concentrate so much onreaching the goal that you trip over the little stones in the way.It is however in those moments and especially when you are about to cross the goal line thatyou feel thankful to those people who have backed you all along the hard route, all those whohave given you all the their trust and support.
Indeed, without the help and encouragementfrom several persons, this thesis would have never been written. Let me therefore try toexpress my gratitude to all of them.I would like to express my deepest and most sincere gratitude to my supervisor, ProfessorGuenter W. Hein. His profound knowledge and logical way of thinking have been the mostvaluable and important guide to me in this work. His brilliant understanding, encouraging andpersonal guidance have provided the fundamental basis of this thesis.
In spite of his busyagenda, there was always time to discuss on technical problems. I am really thankful for allthe time he has spent helping me and all what I have learnt from him in the past years.I would also like to thank Professor Bernd Eissfeller, with whom I have also had the pleasureand luck to work with. I am in great debt also to him for all the opportunities he has offered tome as well as all the trust he has put in my work over the past years.
I am very thankful forthe many technical discussions from which I have so much profited.To my third supervisor, Professor Anthony R. Pratt, I would like to equally express mydeepest gratitude for the careful reading of this thesis and for all the time that he has investedin helping me improve it. During the past years I have had many times the opportunity todiscuss with him on many different theoretical problems. His broad and accurate technicalpicture on GNSS have been guidance to me in so many occasions.Warm thanks also to my colleagues and friends Stefan Wallner, Daniel Sanroma and ThomasPany for all the time and patience that they have dedicated in reading several times the thesis.Their contributions were of enormous value to me and I owe many interesting comments ofthe thesis to them.
In particular I would like to express my deep gratitude to Stefan withwhom I have shared the office room since I started my work at the Institute. He has beenAcknowledgementsintellectual inspiration to me in many times and had the patience to read this thesis a coupletimes, contributing clearly to improving the quality of this thesis.I would never have attempted or finished the doctoral thesis without the support of my wife,Anastasia. Her love and support without any complaint or regret has enabled me to completemy doctoral studies.
She is the origin and backbone of my happiness. I am especially gratefulto her for her love and patience during all the past years of hard work. She has been myspiritual inspiration and the star that has guided me when I weakened. I owe my everyachievement in this thesis to her.I feel a deep sense of gratitude for my mother, Sara, and my father, Ángel, who have taughtme the things that really matter in life. I am deeply thankful for the time they dedicated to mewhen I was a child satisfying my thirst for knowledge always I wanted to understandsomething.
All what I am now is thanks to them and I am forever indebted.Finally, my special gratitude is to my brother, Javier, who has taught me the importance ofperseverance in achieving one´s personal goal. I am thankful for all his support, love andunderstanding.Table of ContentsTable of Contents1.Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 11.1Objectives of this Thesis .......................................................................................
11.2Contributions of this Thesis .................................................................................. 41.3Thesis Outline ....................................................................................................... 52.Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ................................................................ 72.1GNSS – Thinking global ....................................................................................... 72.2Scenes from the Present ........................................................................................ 72.3The Global Positioning System (GPS)................................................................ 112.3.1GPS System Overview .........................................................................
112.3.2GPS Signal Plan ................................................................................... 122.3.2.1 GPS L1 Band ......................................................................... 122.3.2.2 GPS L2 Band ......................................................................... 142.3.2.3 GPS L5 Band .........................................................................
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