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Дункан:

Вот как обманчив внешний вид людей!

Ведь человеку этому я верил

Неограниченно. (I.IV.стр. 490)

Дункан:

Афсуски, биз одамларнинг ичидагини

Юзидаги жилвалардан ўқий оламиз.

Бўлмаса, мен шу вассалнинг садоқатига

Чин юракдан ишонардим. (С.А.) (I. II 22 б)

Duncan is, there fore, powerless when he has to face evil and he puts himself gently and meekly into the hands of hostess, without taking normal precautions of having an armed quard posted near where he is sleeping. The two attendants he has by him have, like him, enjoyed a good party, and are sleepy, and useless. The king goes to rest, well fed and happy in his hostess’s assertions of loyalty and friendship towards him. He is murdered in his sleep by Macbeth. Duncan has proved to be fatally easy ground for his followers to plant their ambitions in. It is Lady Macbeth who has in the end some sort of finer feelings about him: Here Lady Macbeth‘s thoughts:

Леди Макбет:

Дункан мабода

Ухлаганда падаримга ўхшамасайди,

Унда ўзим \амма ишни этардим ало.

Эрим!

(Ж.К.) (II. 2.192.б)

Lady Macbeth:

Had he not resembled

My father as he slept, I hadn’t done.

(II.II. 12–13 p)

Леди Макбет:

Когда б так не был схож Дункан во сне

С моим отцом, я сладила сама бы.

(II.II. стр. 501)

Макбет хоним:

Эвоҳ, Дункан уйқусида марҳум отамга

Бунча ўхшаб кетмаса-ми! Уни мен ўзим

Тинчитардим. (II.II. 39 бет)

Banquo, like Duncan, is pictured as good, brave and gracious. Both these men are, because of their positions and their honourable natures, great dangwers to Macbeth in his ambitions, for their goodness contrasts too plainly with his wickedness. Like Duncan too, Banquo trusts too readily in appearances; they are both too easily deceived into thinking all is well in Macbeth’s castle because its situation is attractive:

Banquo:

This quest of summer,

The temple – naunthing martlet, does approve

By his loved mansionary that the hearen’s breath

Smells wooingly, here; no jultly, frieze,

Buttreis, nor coign of vantage, but this bird

Hath made his pendent bed and procreant cradle.

(I.IV. 3–8 p.)

Банко.

Тому порухой

гнездо стрижа. Нам этот летний гость

Ручается, что небо благосклонно

К убежищу. Нет выступа, столба,

Угла под кровлей, где бы не лепились

Подвешенные люльки этих птиц. (I.6.стр. 495)

Банко.

Жарқалдирғочлар

Гапингизга кафил, шоҳим. Бу ёзлик меҳмон

Турар жойнинг соўлигидан дарак беради:

Кўр кузатдим, кўзлагани баҳрали манзил,

Бирор устун, туртиб чиққан бтрор бурж йўқки,

Беланчакдай солланмасин очиқ ҳавода.

(С.А.) (I. 6. 28–29 б)³

Banquo is close to the king and also to Macbeth; he arrives with Duncan at Macbeth’s castle, and when the party for king is over, he meets (shows that his) Macbeth after midnight and shows that his thoughts are full of the prophecy of the witches, whom he and Macbeth came upon at the beginning of the play. They have time to talk at length, yet Banquo has already sensed something evil springing up in the Macbeth’s mind, for he says, half to himself, half to Fleance:

Банко:

Святые силы!

Меня избавьте от проклятых дум,

Нас искушающих в ночное время.

(II. 7. с. 499)

Банко:

Кечалари умримизни эговлагувчи

Ваҳимали хаёллардан мени қутқаринг!

(С.А.) (II. 1. 35б)

Банко:

Аммо ётиб ухлаганим йўқ, эвоҳ азизлар,

Тунги нопок хаёллардан, асрангиз мени.

(Ж.К.) (II. 1. 188–189 б)

Here we see Banquo who is very much anxious because Duncan has been murdered. We notice in a very dark atmosphere not only physical but also moral death of Macbeth, is a noble warrior. But he scared, stinged, hurt with vanity = conceit. Once having entered the read of crime he has not strength of stopping, coming down from this road. He sees forward to his own ineritable death. Tragic events take place in the background of dark nights, in the darkness of which the three images of witches flash = gleam. Like Three Weirds of an antique mythology they gain undivided power over Macbeth’s fate.

The word «bloody» is a very often come across in this work, it runs all through the tragedy. The same can be said about the word tyranne. We often meet this word too. The theme of the tragedy is about a bloody usurper, who first achieves his goal = aim but evils, recons with for his crimes. Here also the tragedy end with the glory of positive forces, the destroyed harmony is erected in the state. «Macbeth» is near to «Richard III» where we see much blood.

Macduff discovers that Duncan did not die, he has been murdered, and Banquo expresses his greef simply and from the beath. He soon voices his suspicions of Macbeth.

Banquo:

Thou hasf it now, king, Cowdor, Clames, all,

As the weird women promised; and I fear,

Thou playedst most foully for’t; yet it was said,

If should not stand in the posterity;

But that myself should be the rot and father

Of many Kings. If there come truth from them

(As upon thee Macbeth, their speeches shine),

Why, by the verities on three made good,

Mat they not be my oracles as well,

And set me up in hope? But, hush or more.

(III.I. p 91)

Банко:

Ҳам қиролсан, Ҳам Гламис, Кавдор бегисан,

Гарчанд бир охз гумоним бор ҳалоллигингга,

Тўғри чиқди, рост айтибди кароматгўйлар.

Буюрмагай авлодингга лекин тожу тахт,

Қиролларнинг падари ва илдизи бўлиш

Сенга эмас, балки менга насиб айламиш.

Лекин алдашмаса ўша бибилар агар.

(Алдашмаса керак, чунки қисматинг – гаров)

(III.I.212).

Банко:

Теперь ты всё, что предсказали сестры:

Гламисский и Кавдорский тан, король,

И я боюсь, ты сплутовал немного.

Однако или же возвещено,

Что твой престал не прейдет к потомкам,

А я – начало ветвы королей.

Но если все сбилось с тобой, не ыижу

Причины не надеяться и мне.

Я верю в то, что мне они сулили.

Но полно, тише!

(III.I. стр. 512)⁴

In Uzbek Sasdulla Ahmad read these lines as follows:

Банко:

Ҳаммасига эришдинг сен! Аммо қойилман,

Ул алвасти ҳамширалар айтгани келди.

Гламис, Кавдор ҳокими, сўнг қирол ҳам бўлдинг!

Қўрқаманки, бирозгина найрангинг ҳам бор.

Кароматга кўра, лекин, тахт ворислиги

Менинг наслу насабимнинг насибасидир.

Менга ваъда қилган, сенинг пуштингга эмас!

Ҳа, ҳа1 Менинг шохларимда шоҳ болалайди.

Башоратнинг боши ҳақли, – ноумид шайтон, –

Жон тикаман, жодугарлар лафзи халолдир.

Мен уларга ишонаман. Шошма, ким келди?

(III.1. 59–60 б)

But he does nothing; perhaps he is satisfied for the moment to watch events, and in any case he too is concerned in the witches prophecies. But for this he is given no time. Macbeth quickly convinces two murderers that Banquo is the person who in secret makes them suffer cruelty and injustice, and, when Banquo is returning with his son in the evening after a day away from the castle, he is murdered. Macbeth pretends that he is expected at the banquet arranged for that evening, and his ghost, covered in blood, comes and sits in Macbeth’s own chair. Macbeth is over – come with the horror of the apparition, and the party breaks up.

He is, nevertheless, to see Banquo once again. The witches show Macbeth eight – kings, with many more reflected in a mirror, and the ghost of Banquo following them. this signifies to Macbeth that although Banquo has been murdered by his orders, Fleance, Banquo’s son, has escaped, and is destined to be farther of a line of kings; although Macbeth has won the throne, it is foretold that his children will never follow him in a royal line.

Macduff is nobleman who discovered the murder of Duncan. Commanded to call early on his king, he enters the king’s chamber and quickly returns with horror in his eyes and voice. Macbeth pretends not to understand him. It is Macduff who first expresses surprise at Macbeth admitting that he had himself murdered the grooms who were attending the king. «Wherefore did you so?» he asks, and, since he does not seem to be convinced by Macbeth’s answer, Lady Macbeth pretends to faint so that attention is drawn away from her husband. Macduff asks help for her. But his suspicions are aroused; he leaves for his own part of the country and then makes his way to England.

His wife and children are left behind in Scotland, and Lady Macduff is unable to understand his flight. Rosse tries to persuade her that her husband has left for the good of the country, and implies that he is in England to raise forces to oppose the tyrant Macbeth Rosse says he is:

Rosse:

But for you husband,

He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows

The fits o ‘th’ season I dare not speaks much further. (IV.II. 15 p)

Росс:

Ваш супруг.

Умен и добр. Он лучше многих знает,

Что делать в наше время. Ничего

Я не прибавлю. (IV. 2.стр. 536)

Росс:

Биздан кўра, у билади нима қилишни.

Ёвқур ақли асқатади шундай пайтларда.

Бошқа бир гап айтолмайман. Замона оғир. (IV. 2. 100 б)

But this is no comfort to his wife, who is killed with her children by order of Macbeth.

In England Macduff has met Duncan’s son Malkolm, and a at first Malkolm wishes to test Macduff’s loyalty; he is afraid that Macbeth may have sent Macduff to trick him into telling his secret plans for an attack. Macduff, an honest and straight – forward person, is at first guit confused at Malkolm’s words. Since Malkolm makes himself out to be even more evil than Macbeth. But when all is explained, Rosse enters and announces a more bitter tragedy, the murder of Macduff’s family. He cannot believe that so purposeless a crime is possible:

Macduff:

He has no children. All my pretty ones?

Did you say all? – O hell – kite! – All?

What, all my pretty chickens, and their dam,

At one fell swoop? (IV.III. 249–19)

Макдуф:

Но Макбет бездетен!

Всех бедненьких моих? До одного?

О Изверг, изверг! Всех моих хороших?

Всех ты сказал? И женушку мою?

Всех разом. (IV.III.стр. 546)

Макдуф:

Аммо Макбет, оласиз – да! – Битта қўймай – а?

Бечорагиналаримнинг барчасиними? –

О, одамхўр! – Ҳаммасими? Вой, ширинларим!

Ёппасига? Хотининг ҳам сўйилди, дегин?!

(С.А.) (IV. 3. 117 б)

Макдуф:

Гўдакларим барини – я? Битта қўймасдан!

О, дўзахий калхат! Барча жўжаларимни

Бир ҳамлада ҳалок этмиш онаси билан! (Ж.К.)

At first he had been unable to express his sorrow in words: now he tells his determination to take revenge on Macbeth, and to do it quickly.

The first Apparation called up by the witches had warned Macbeth of Macduff, confirming suspicions which Macbeth claims to have had already. Now the play leads to their final meeting. Macduff shows that the witches’ words concerning Macbeth’s safety are useless, since they «palter» «in a double sense». «None of woman born» seemed to mean «nobody at all»; but in another sense it means «no child to whom a woman has given natural birth».

Macduff tells Macbeth that his mother did not «bear» him (in his second sense), and they fight until Macbeth is killed. Macduff leaves and returns after a moment with Macbeth’s head carried in triumph.

Macduff represents the main opposition to Macbeth. He is the chief instrument by which Malkolm is able to obtain the throne of his father Duncan, and he everywhere acts with good sense, bravery and nobleness of nature. Only his wife doubts the wisdom of his flight to England, calling it «madness», and a mixture of fear and treachery. She accused him too of lacking «the natural touch», the guality of humanity, but, when told of the murder of his family, he says simply, If Macbeth’s ambitions had good ends, not evil ones, his wife Lady Macbeth would have been the perfect partner for him, for she completes his personality, and provides just those qualities which he lacks. If the play is complete in the form in which we now know it, there exists an understanding between Macbeth and his wife which depends on feelings rather than words. For when we first see Lady Macbeth, she is reading a letter from her husband telling her of the witches prophecy and particularly that he is, according to that prophecy, destined to become king. She, too is intensely ambitious, and cannot bear even to mention the kingship directly.

But she is afraid that he is evil enough to obtain it by the most direct means. She reveals her own nature most fully in the address she then makes to the spirits of evil:

Lady Macbeth:

Come, you spirits

That tend on mortal thoughts unsex me here,

And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top – full

Of direst cruelty! … (I.V. 38–41)

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