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Identification includes determining the roles of stakeholders, characteristics of tasks, objectives and resources used. At this stage, it is necessary to determine the working group, the issues of additional training for teachers in the field of information technologies for programmers on the topic related to presentation of didactic materials specific to the subject area.

The design can be carried out with optimization of several parameters of the electronic textbook, it may be minimization of expenses for its creation, and improving the quality of education and expanding the availability of training materials.

The technology of preparation of the electronic textbook supposes one of the possible alternative approaches: bottom up or top down.

A bottom-up approach suggests a gradual building of the electronic textbook on the basis of a phased implementation in the educational process of e-learning materials of various kinds, which in practice is most accessible to the teacher. In this case, the process of creation of the electronic textbook can be characterized by the following sequence of steps:

– preparation and testing of demonstration materials for lectures and practical classes;

– development and testing of e-lectures, tasks for practical classes and seminars;

– development and testing tasks for intermediate and final control and self-control;

– design and testing principles of feedback;

– structuring of electronic materials and the formation of a knowledge base;

– formation of a database for monitoring and correction of the educational process;

– creation of a complete electronic textbook.

2 REVIEW OF SOFTWARE FOR DESIGNING ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOKS

Today, there are basic requirements for modern textbooks, which should be focused on increasing independent work of the student, and, therefore, should be easier to use, informative, descriptive, reinforcing the motivation for the development of the subject. They showed be available for everyone in order to receive a full education. They provide training of specialists of high class and they ensure the use of modern telecommunications and modern information technologies.

Many of these requirements are contradictory and difficult to reconcile, therefore, the development of the electronic textbook is a complex task, undertaken by a team of experts in different fields, and requires a reasonable choice of the suitable software.

Currently, there are many special programs for the generation of electronic textbooks. Advantages and disadvantages of electronic textbooks created with their help are presented in table 2.

Table 2 – Advantages and disadvantages of electronic textbooks

The version control system (VCS) is a system that registers changes in one or more files in order to later was able the server to return to certain older versions of these files. You can put version control almost in any type of file.

VCS gives the ability to return individual files to a previous state, return to the previous state of the entire project, to see what is happening over time changes to determine who last made changes to the module, when and who made some sort of error in the code.

A popular method of version control is by copying the files to another directory (usually adding the current date to the directory name). This approach is very common because it is so simple, but it is also incredibly error prone.

To solve this problem local VCSs with a simple database that stores all changes to the files you need was developed (figure 1).

Figure 1 – Scheme of local version control system

Next, the main problem was the need to collaborate with developers on other computers. To solve it, the centralized version control system (CVCS) was created. In such systems, such as CVS, Subversion and Perforce, have a Central server, which stores all files under versioned control and the number of users who receive copies of the files from it. For many years it has been the standard for version control systems (figure 2).

Figure 2 – Scheme of central version control system

This approach has many advantages, especially over local VCSs. For example, everyone knows what everyone is doing in the project. Administrators have precise control over every user, and, of course, with SVCS it is much easier to administer than with a local database.

However, this approach also has some serious drawbacks. The most obvious is the centralized server is vulnerable point of the entire system. If the server goes down for an hour, nobody can save new versions of his work. In case of the damaged disk with a Central database and no backups, you lose absolutely everything – the entire history of the project, except of a few working versions, preserved in working machines of users. Local version control system has the same problem: if the entire project history is stored in one place, you risk losing everything.

Distributed version control system can help in this situation. In systems like Git, Mercurial, Bazaar or Darcs users don’t just check out the latest version of the files: they fully copy the whole repository. Therefore, in the case when the server that was working fails, any of the user repositories can be copied back to the server to restore the database. Every time user picks up a new version of the file, it creates a complete copy of all data (figure 3).

Figure 3 – Scheme of distributed version control system

In addition, most of these systems can work with multiple remote repositories, thus, it is possible to work in different ways with different groups of people within one project simultaneously. So, in one project it is possible to set up several types of workflows that it is impossible in centralized systems.

By far the most popular system of version control is Git. The software supports fast split and merge version, includes tools for visualization and navigation for non-linear development history. Git gives each developer a local copy of the development history, and changes are copied from one repository to another.

Designing of the electronic textbook, implies the establishment of a program on one of the programming languages or the use of hypertext to create HTML pages with the theoretical and practical part of the tutorial.

Hypertext is a nonlinear way of submission of text material in which the text has in any way highlighted words linked to certain text fragments. Thus, the user merely browses through the order page of text, it may deviate from a linear description for any reference, in fact, it controls the process of issuing information. In a hypermedia system, as fragments of images might be used, and the information can contain text, graphics, movies, sound.

It is possible to use hypertext technology to satisfy such textbook requirements, as dependability, easy handling. If needed, this tutorial can be published on the Internet and it can be easily corrected. Currently, there are many different hypertext formats (HTML, DHTML, PHP, etc.)

This work describes methods of designing of electronic textbooks. Besides, we studied the principles and stages of design manuals. We also reviewed technical software tools used for designing electronic textbooks. Free editor Brackets from Adobe is used to edit HTML and JavaScript code. GIMP editor is used to edit images. During the entire process of creation of the electronic textbook as the version control system Git will be used. The functionality of these software tools fully meet the specified requirements. More complete functionality of the program will not be used in this thesis work their price or the workload of the interface.

3 DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK ON AUTODESK REVIT

The structure of the electronic textbook is presented in figure 4. This structure involves the following parts:

• the theoretical part;

• the practical part;

• the knowledge control.

Figure 4 – Structure of the electronic textbook

This project is using the HTML block layout with the use of standard tags:

• to create blocks: <divclass = " "></div>;

• to move to the next line: <br>;

• to link to another page: <a href = " "class = " "></a>;

• to insert image: <imgsrc = " " class = " " alt=" " />;

• to create the form: <form action=‘‘ ‘‘ method= ‘‘ ‘‘></form>;

• to create tables: <tableclass=‘‘ ‘‘><tr><td> …. </td></tr></table>.

The interface of the electronic textbook is presented in figure 5. The tutorial consists of three blocks: header, menu, main part.

Figure 5 – Lecture page of the e-textbook

Control questions after each lecture are at the bottom of the lesson page (figure 6).

Figure 6 – Page of control questions

On the basis of the material, we can make conclusion about the practical value of e-textbooks. They can be used not only to provide factual information supplied with illustrative material, but also to demonstrate certain processes, which are impossible to show using standard methods. In addition, the electronic textbook gives more opportunities to students for independent work, allowing you to choose the depth of the study of the topic. Also the important value of e-textbooks is that the teacher can quickly add and change the text or illustrative material, which is important for such dynamically changing information disciplines.

The use of hypertext and multimedia, multi-layered study material, enables you to fully immerse yourself in the learning process.

Thus prepared electronic textbook has the following advantages:

• it facilitates the understanding of the studied material in comparison with printed academic literature;

• it is based on such methods of presentation as inductive approach, the impact on visual and emotional memory, etc.;

• it meets the needs of the student, and takes into the account the level of preparation, intellectual capacities and ambitions of the student.

So it can be concluded that electronic textbooks are a promising direction of informatization of education, and their importance in the future will only increase.

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