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Приложение Б

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Currently, the technical progress is more common in everyday life, in medicine, in manufacturing, in the service sector etc. Due to the development of Internet technology the large sources of information became available and can be found at any time of the day.

The development of virtual schools and institutions became available with the appearance of Internet technology. These technologies allow you to post on the Internet a large number of textbooks developed with digital technology - electronic textbook.

The emergence and spread of e-books contributes to the rapid development of electronic industry, microelectronics, computer technologies and Internet technologies.

Today there is an active process of creation of electronic textbooks in hypertext form and their implementation in the educational process. However, there is no single standard for the development of e-textbooks, there are no mechanisms for their legal protection, there is no single criteria that determine the quality of electronic textbooks.

E-textbooks have several advantages. Compared to conventional textbooks, e-books include a huge amount of information of small sizes. Standard learning tools, textbooks will never lose its relevance, the book, the textbook will always be close to the person and help him. While electronic textbooks are a very good complement to classical methods and ways of learning. You can give a definition of electronic textbook:

Multimedia (electronic) textbook is the presentation of educational material in electronic form, using the following objects:

– hypertext;

– graphic image;

– the animation;

– audio and video recording.

Advantages of electronic manuals are: firstly their mobility, and secondly, the availability of communication with the development of computer networks, and thirdly, the adequacy of the level of development of modern scientific knowledge. On the other hand, the creation of electronic textbooks also contributes to the solution of such problems as constant updating of information material. They can also contain a large number of exercises and examples to be demonstrated in detail in the dynamics of different types of information.

The emergence of electronic textbooks can be perceived as a qualitatively new level of informatization of education. The creation of computer technologies in teaching is adjacent to the textbooks of the new generation that meets the needs of the individual student. Textbooks of new generation are designed to ensure the unity of educational process and modern, innovative research, i.e. the feasibility of using new information technologies in the educational process and, in particular, various kinds of so-called "electronic textbooks".

1. METHODS OF DESIGN OF E-TEXTBOOK AND FEATURES OF THE LEARNING PROCESS

Nowadays, due to the development of the society information technologies influence all spheres of human activity required and essential part of these processes is the computerization of education. The development of a new system of education aimed to join the world information-educational space in our country. This process is accompanied by the integration into the educational process of modern computer technology.

In the process of learning, we can distinguish the dependence between the method of learning and the ability to reproduce the acquired knowledge after some time. In case of audial perception of the information, the man can remember only about a quarter of it. If the material was presented visually, one third of information can be received, due to the combined effects (visual and sound) memorization can increase, and if the person is involved in active operations in the process of learning, the absorption of the material can increase to 75%. Interactive teaching methods that are used in electronic textbooks use this dependence. The main feature of the electronic textbook, and its main difference from traditional printed textbooks is the obligatory interaction between computer and student.

Electronic teaching edition or e-book is the product of the educational nature, which can only be used with the help of Informatics tools (including the computer) appropriate to the approved curriculum or program developed by the author for the proposed course.

Electronic textbook is the most common form of presentation of new material. In addition, the electronic textbook can include both simulators, laboratory work, and also tests; i.e., the time and software to provide knowledge and control. Electronic textbook is a set of paragraphs of certain types such as definitions, theorems, explanations, examples, proofs, algorithms, etc. In this project the developed system works with two basic types of paragraphs, definitions and theorems.

This way of presenting information can be widely used in academic disciplines, in which there is descriptive information: geography, history, to a certain extent literature, the performance of different experimental setups (physics and chemistry), etc.

The successful creation and use of training courses should begin with a deep analysis of learning objectives, the didactic possibilities of new technologies for the transmission of educational information, requirements to technologies of self, in terms of teaching discipline-specific, adjustment of the criteria of learning.

Among the didactic principles, the affected computer technologies of information transfer and communication in the first place include:

– the principle of activity;

– the principle of independence;

– the principle of combining collective and individual forms of educational work;

– the principle of motivation;

– the principle of connection of theory with practice;

– the principle of efficiency.

In connection with these principles, funds for educational purposes which are used in the educational process should provide the opportunity to:

– to individualize the approach to the student and to differentiate the learning process;

– to monitor a learner with problem determination and feedback;

– to provide self-monitoring and self-correction of educational-cognitive activity of the student;

– to model and simulate processes and phenomena;

– to carry out laboratory work, experiments and experiences in virtual reality;

– to inculcate the ability to make optimal decisions;

– to enhance interest in the learning process;

– to demonstrate visual educational information;

– to transmit the culture of knowledge.

It is very important to ensure that the objectives helped to define what is expected from students after studying this course. The specification of goals allows you to give an idea of what the student will be able to do at the end of each lesson and actually set goals for each lesson of the course.

Goals help to focus on the development of cognitive activity of students and to identify at which stage of knowledge it is.

Properly formulated objectives will allow students:

– to set thinking on the subject of education;

– to focus on the most important issues;

– to prepare for tests, tasks, and other means of assessment.

Activities should be designed in accordance with the articulated objectives.

The study, therefore, subjects of the course can be used by students having difficulty with traditional learning for specific subjects and topics.

The contents proposed for development of the course of self-education is pedagogically proven and systematic and consists of a complex of psychological tests, training programs and electronic textbooks, which satisfies the above principles.

E-learning publication containing the training materials for self-education, divided into independent from each other topic modules, each of which gives a comprehensive idea of a specific thematic area that contributes to the individualization of the learning process, that is, the student can choose from training options: study full course on the subject or to study only specific topics.

The contents of each module are presented in table 1.

Table 1 – Main components of the e-textbook

The course is designed for a certain period of study, depending on its difficulty. Guided by the curriculum and guidelines, the student makes a personal study plan, schedule their own training sessions. Thus, the student will determine a specific day of a training question of the module curriculum he will study, and will be able to regularly note in this personal plan the result of its learning.

The next stage is the study of the theoretical material presented in the electronic textbook.

Selecting an item in the table of contents is necessary to consider the structural scheme of the paragraph, to determine the species of each structural unit and to consider the connection between them inside the paragraph.

If to study the structural units of the required knowledge units from the preceding paragraphs, it is necessary to repeat them, after which you can proceed to the study of the content of the structural unit.

After mastering the content of each structural unit it is advisable to return to the block diagram paragraph, for the recurrence relations and systematization of the studied material.

One kind of the training systems is hypertext learning system. The possibility of varying the sequence of reading the hypertext, in contrast to linear text, at the expense of splitting the information into fragments (subjects) and establishing relationships between them, usually allowing the user to move from the subject under review to one of several related topics. It is obvious that hypertext with a large number of relationships between topics has greater flexibility in terms of satisfying various goals of users. Thus, the electronic textbook needs, while retaining all the capabilities of conventional textbooks entirely new, compared to them, qualities which include elements of hypermedia, and virtual reality, providing a high level of clarity, illustration and a high degree of interactivity to provide a new form of a structured presentation of large amounts of information and knowledge, effective searching for the required information.

Training based on computer technology, is largely based on the technical infrastructure: the computer (as a tool for hosting and presenting educational information) and computer networks (as the means to access it).

The ability of modern information technologies, growth of information culture of teachers allow to involve teachers in the development of electronic textbook. The need of the learners in the learning materials of new generation makes the professional activity of the teacher necessary. However, the widespread involvement of teachers in the creation of the electronic textbook requires the development of certain engineering principles that enable and facilitate this work, and to achieve effective results.

In designing of the electronic textbook it is possible to allocate following main activities: identification of problems, conceptualization, formalization, implementation and testing.

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