[учебник] English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (1175660), страница 54
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(Not “the car of Frank/the car of Frank’s” ).2. The simplest rule to remember is: A d d ’s to anv personal noun unless it is in the form of a plural endingin - s . in which case just add an apostrophe f ’ 1. This means:□ a d d ’s to singular nouns and names not ending in -s:a boy’s tie; Tom’s hat.□ a d d ’s to singular nouns ending in -s:an actress’s career; a w aitress’s job.□ a d d 's to irregular plural nouns:children’s games; the men’s club; sheep’s wool.□ add an apostrophe ( ’) after the -s of regular plurals:the girls’ uniforms.□ a d d ’s to names ending in -s :Charles’s address; Doris’s panty; St.
Jam es’s Park.Famous names ending in -s just add ( ’): Y eats’ poetry (pronounced [s] or [iz]).□ a d d ’s to the last element of the word group:My friend P eter’s watch; my father-in-law ’s house.191THENOUNApostrophe S CS/S'), Com pound Noun or O fl1. When we want to show possession with things, we can use of: the leg o f the table.However, we often prefer to use a compound noun instead of of: the table leg.2. We must use o f when we cannot form a compound noun: the book o f the film (Not “the film ’s book’’);the top o f the box (Not “the box’s top” ).
You can only learn this from experience. If you are in doubt, use of.The Use of 'S and"an Hour's Journey"S'with NoWe u s e ’s and s ’ with some non-living things:□ fixed phrases: the earth’s surface, journey’s end, the sh ip ’s company;□ time phrases (singular): an hou r’s journey, a day’s work, a m onth’s salary,□ time phrases (plural): two hours’ journey, two days’ work, two m onths’ salary.It is also used with nouns expressing space and weight, with the names of countries, cities and ships andwith the nouns world, country, city, ship:□ Moscow’s theatres□ world’s best museums□ our country’s best opera house□ the ship’s crewWe can u s e ’s when the first noun is an organisation:□ the government’s decision□ the company’s successThe Genitive is used in some set expressions:□ for Hea ven ’s sake / for G od’s sake□ at o ne ’s w it’s end□ a hair’s breadth□ a t a stone’s throwOmission of the Noun after 'SWe generally omit the noun a fte r ’s when referring to work-places, shoos and houses: the d octor’s ratherthan the d octo r’s surgery, my m other’s rather than my m other’s house.EXERCISES3.the days of the week4.the birthday of my daughter Helen5.the pages of the book(A, B) U s e ’s or s ’ only where possible withthe following nouns.6.work of seven years( Model: ) the clothes of the boys - the boys’ clothes7.the surface of the Earth1.a journey of two days8.the orders of the Commander-in-Chief2.the walls of the room192THECATEGORYZ(A, B) What could we use in place of the wordsin brackets?(Ivlodel?) Your father has gone to (the shop ownedby the butcher) the butcher’s.1.I’ll meet you at (the shop owned by the chemist)2.I’m going to spend the night at (the house ownedby my aunt)3.We always buy things at (the department storeowned by Emma Hart)О(В) Rewrite these sentences, using’s, s ’, orjust an apostrophe ( ’).OFCASE*4 (B) In this exercise you have to join two nounsw ith ’s, an apostrophe ( ’), or a compound noun.Sometimes you have to use ...
o f... .(M o d e l:) the mother/Ann - Ann’s motherthe club/students - the students’ clubthe door/the room - the door o f the room1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.the name/my frie n d ..................the eyes/the d o g .......................the top/the p a g e .......................the newspaper/today................a holiday/month.........................the name/this stre et..................the car/M ike’s p a re n ts.............the new manager/the company9. the leg/table .........................10.
the ground floor/the building(Model?) The books for children.- These are children’s books.11.the children/Don and Mary1.This bag belongs to my friend.12.the economic policy/the government2.He described the career of the actress.3.This is the signature of Mr.
Brown.4.The mistakes which students make.5.This is a club for women.6.It’s a school for girls.(M odel?) The surface of the Earth looks wonderfulfrom space.The Earth’s surface looks wonderful fromspace.7.This umbrella belongs to James.1.I had dinner in the house of my friend.8.I liked the dinner we had yesterday at the cafebelonging to Mike.2.The theatres in Moscow are the best in the world.3.Exports from Britain to the United States havefallen recently.4.The lecture tomorrow has been cancelled.5.The crew of the ship was small.6.The rains last month caused lots of floods.7.The museums in the town are very famous.(B) Read each sentence and write a newsentence, using’s with the words in italics.193THENOUN\J(B) Use the information to complete thesentences./(B) The apostrophe ( ’) key of the computer isout of order.
Put the apostrophe where it isnecessary. Do not forget that the apostrophe is alsoused in contracted forms: he is = he’s , she is =she’s, he has done = he’s done, do not = don’t.(M odel?) I started cleaning my house at 9 o ’clockand finished at 12 o ’clock.So it’s about three hours’ work.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.A:B:I need two days to do the work.It is ...............................................................work.She had a rest from two to three.So she h a d ...........................................................rest.If I leave my house at 8.50 and walk to work, Iget to work at 9 o ’clock.So it’s o n ly ...........................................................walk from my house to work.He went on vacation on the 5th and was back atwork on the 20th.So he h a d .............................................................vacation.His journey lasted for two months.So it w a s ...............................................................journey.Our excursion in this museum started at 11o ’clock and finished at 2 o ’clock.So we h a d ............................................................excursion.In September he will receive his salary for twomonths.In September he will receive...............................................................salary.A:В:A:B:A:B:A:B:194Did you see the invitation to Lindas birthday?Yes, I did.
Was it her or her husbands idea toinvite us?I dont know. We are not really friends. We arejust Roberts colleagues.I know. But Lindas m other keeps tellin geverybody that shes going to have a really bigparty. Maybe thats the reason why she invitedher husbands colleagues and their partners,too.OK. Lets go there and see how everything isgoing.We need a present then. What about a womansweekend at a fitness club?Thats too expensive for a colleagues wife. Whatabout breakfast at Tiffany’s?You mean the new Tiffany’s in High Street?Yes.
They offer things like that. My secretarysfamily went there last Sunday and they werevery pleased about the food, the prices and thewaiters politeness.Good idea.TESTS5. TestsI1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Сын моей сестры хорошо учится.Мне нравится квартира Марии.Она много пишет сёстрам Анны.Комната Бесс большая и светлая.Учитель вернул тетради студентов.Я не помню имени сестры моего друга.Друзья моего брата хорошо говорят по-немецки.Вам нравится новая книга этого писателя?II1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Где ключ от машины?Мальчишки взяли велосипед почтальона.Он сломал ручку двери.Дверь гаража была закрыта.Мы выучили слова десятого урока вчера.Ручка чемодана была неудобной.Поверхность дороги была скользкой.Я не знаю результат вчерашнего матча.IIII1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Они взяли десятидневный отпуск.Экипаж корабля был небольшой.Книги этого писателя очень популярны.Обложка книги была порвана.Я поговорил с менеджером компании.Это - лучший оперный театр в стране.Телефон в офисе не работает.Вчера вечером я был в гостях у бабушки.THE ARTICLE^ T h e article is a structural part of speech used with nouns.
The use of articles depends on th e ^type of noun, context or situation, it is sometimes influenced by the syntactic relations in whichthe noun occurs.There are two types of articles in modern English: the indefinite (a /a n ) and the definitearticle (th e). The absence of articles also has its grammatical significance: it shows that thev nouns are used in a general sense..1. Use o f A rticles w ith C o m m o n N ounsThe Indefinite Article (а/ап )The Definite Article (the)We use a/an with singular countable nouns(a in front of consonant sounds: a man, a year,an in front of vowel sounds: an umbrella,an eye, an hour).*1We can use the with any noun.оThe definite article is used:1. When the speaker and the listener know whatparticular object is meant:□How did you like the play?□ Where is the key?The indefinite article is used:1.
when people do not yet know which particularthing you are talking about.□ I’ve been reading an interesting article in“The Economist” .2. when th e s p e a k e r p re s e n ts th e o b je c t(expressed by the noun) as belonging to a certainclass. In this case it has the meaning of «какойнибудь», «какой-то», «один», «некий». The pluralof a/an is the zero article when we refer to things ingeneral. The plural of a/an is som e/any when werefer to quantity.□ It happened in a small town in Siberia.Such buildings can be found in small towns.□ He bought a book yesterday.He bought some books yesterday.^NB! There is a difference between knowing w hat^object is spoken about and knowing the object itself.□ A. I can’t speak to the girl.
I have neverseen her. Won’t you speak to her?B. But I don’t know the girl, either.'v________________________________________ ^2. When the speaker uses an attribute pointing outa particular object - a particularizing attribute:□ This is the house that Jack built.□ Show me the telegram you receivedyesterday.□ The pictures in this book are very interesting.□ The walls of my room are painted blue.3. when we are not referring to a particular thingor person but just to any thing or person of a particulartype.
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