01-04-2020-Oxford_English_for_Infomation_Technology (1171844), страница 45
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A widevariety of versions exist.noun C [5, 15, 22] achange that provides the latest versionverb [5, 15, 22] to bringup to date, i. e. to change into thelatest versionnoun C [2] a changethat improves the features orperformance of a systemverb [2, 5, 6, 16, 22] toadd components to improve thefeatures or performance of a systemGLOSSARYverb [5, 16, 24] to copya file from a client computer to a serverin a networknoun C [2] abbreviationfor uninterruptible power supplynoun U [16] thesignal path for receivingcommunications from a clientcomputer to a server in a networknoun C [9, 13, 20, 22]abbreviation for uniform (or universal)resource locatornoun U [12, 20] anInternet service that allows users tocommunicate by means of newsgroupsnoun C [1, 5, 6, 18, 21, 22,23, 25] the person using a computernoun U [12] aset of standards for creating a dataaddress in a TCP/IP message.
It is usedto indicate what application themessage is supposed to contact andprovides the final routing for the datawithin the receiving system.noun C [18] asystem that identifies users. This canbe done using digital certificates.noun C [19] thenetwork account name assigned to aparticular usernoun C [6, 25]a program included with an operatingsystem that can perform usefulcommon routine tasks orhousekeeping operations, e. g.formatting disks or copying filesnoun U [16]abbreviation for Universal MobileTelecommunications Systemnoun C [23] abbreviation for volt,the international unit of voltagenoun U [22] abbreviation forVisual Basicnoun C [1]abbreviation for video cassetterecordernoun C [2]abbreviation for visual display unit.Another name for a computer monitor.verb [11] to check foraccuracynoun U [2, 9, 16, 17]signals containing picture informationnoun C [16, 23] a device forrecording video signals onto magnetictape cassettesnoun U[2] the memory used to store graphicsdata on a graphics cardnoun U [1, 24] a form ofcommunication over a network thatuses video cameras so that the peopletaking part can see and hear eachotheradj [12, 23, 24]computer-simulated enabling the userto experience something withoutneeding its physical presencenoun U[12] a simulated three-dimensionalenvironment that surrounds the userand is generated by a computernoun C [1, 8, 10, 11, 15, 17,18, 19, 20] a program written with thepurpose of causing damage or causinga computer to behave in an unusualwayverb [10, 15] tocheck for virusesnoun U [2] abbreviation forviewable image size.
The actual size ofthe image that can be seen by the useron a computer display screen.noun U[21, 22] a general-purposeprogramming language with agraphical interface. It is particularlysuitable for use by beginners learninghow to program.noun U [24] systems anddevices used to create a virtual realityenvironmentnoun U [6] anoperating system used by DEC VAXminicomputersnoun C [2] a stored musicalinstrument sound sample used toproduce realistic music output in awavetable soundcardnoun C [21] a shortsound recording of the human voicenoun U [7, 19] a system that canrespond to words spoken by a humanbeingnoun U[24] the generation of a humansounding voice using electronic circuitsnoun C [24] an electronic device thatgenerates sounds that represent thehuman voicenoun U [23] abbreviationfor virtual realitynoun C [9] thebackground graphics on a MicrosoftWindows desktopnoun U [16] acronym forwireless application protocol.
A set of221standards for allowing users to sendemails and access informationincluding video transmissions from theInternet on a mobile phone.noun U [9] an audio fileformatnoun C [2] a system used in somesoundcards for more accuratelycreating the sound of real musicalinstruments by reproducing a widefrequency range from a small numberof original samplesnoun C[5, 13, 20] the Internet address of awebpagenounC [22] a person who is employed tocreate websitesnoun U [13] atype of email that is accessed fromwebpagesnoun C [13] aserver computer that stores andprovides access to websitesnoun U [12, 14]disk storage space on a web serverused for storing webpagesnoun U [1, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14,15, 16, 18, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25]common name for the World Wide Webnoun C[14, 22] a person who administers aWeb servernoun C[6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22] ahyperlinked document in a webnetwork systemnoun U[23] a set of standards for enablingdomestic appliances to be connectedto the Web and to communicate witheach othernoun C [1, 5, 8, 12, 14,15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25] a set ofrelated pages on the World Wide Webnoun C [13] asymbol used in computer commandsand for searching databases.
Itrepresents any character orcombination of characters, e. g. usingan asterisk searching for *ed wouldfind all words ending in ed.noun C [7] arectangular screen area containing aprogram folder or file in a WIMPsystemnoun U[2, 6, 12, 17, 19, 22, 25] a graphical userinterface operating system front-end toMS-DOS developed by the MicrosoftCorporation. It has been graduallydeveloped into a full operating system.222GLOSSARYnoun U [9] a MicrosoftWindows program that allows the userto see the files and folders on all thedisks attached to the computer.
It canbe used for general housekeepingsuch as moving or deleting files.noun U [9] aMicrosoft Windows program for playingmultimedia files including audio andvideoverb [18] to deleteall the files stored on a diskadj [23] usingradio signals without the need forconnecting wires or cablesnoun U [16]abbreviation for wireless markuplanguage. A language similar to HTMLused for designing webpages suitablefor mobile phones.noun U [1, 10, 22]a widely-used wordprocessing programdeveloped by the MicrosoftCorporation. It is a component of theMicrosoft Office package.nounU [5, 6, 25] the process of typing andediting text using a wordprocessornounC [16, 18] a type of computerapplication program used for typingand editing text documentsnoun C [2, 6, 22]a powerful desktop computer used bypower users for work that requires alot of processing, e. g.
graphic designnoun U [7, 13, 20, 22] aninformation service on the Internet thatallows document pages to be accessedusing hyperlinksnoun U [19] acronym forwrite once read many. A standard foroptical storage devices that onlyallows data to be recorded on to aparticular optical disk once but allowsthe data to be read from the disk overand over again. It is commonly used forarchiving data.noun U [23] acronym forWeb-ready appliances protocol.
A setof communications system standardsthat enable web-connected appliancesto communicate.noun C [9] a compact diskdrive that allows the user to write dataonto a CD as well as read data storedon the CDnounC [2] a buffer storage system where theprocessor writes changes only to thecache and not to main memory. Cacheentries that have changed are flaggedas 'dirty' telling the cache controller towrite their contents back to mainmemory before using the space tocache new data.noun C [2] a buffer storage systemwhere the processor writes directly toboth the cache and main memory atthe same timenounU [12] abbreviation for the World WideWeb. The Internet service used forconnecting to multimedia webpages.noun U [6]a windowing system used withdifferent versions of Unixnoun U [12] theInternational Telegraphic Union packetswitching data communicationsstandard for connecting computers anda public networknoun U [2]abbreviation for extended graphicsarray.
An IBM display screen standardwith a resolution of 1024X768 pixelsand up to 65, 536 colours.noun U [7, 14, 16, 20,21, 25] abbreviation for extensiblemarkup languagenoun U [15, 20] the nameof a popular Internet search enginewebsiteOXFORDUNIVERSITY PRESSAcknowledgementsGreat Clarendon Street, Oxford 0X2 6DPThe authors and publisher are grateful to those who havegiven permission to reproduce the following extracts andadaptations of copyright material:Oxford University Press is a department of the University ofOxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence inresearch, scholarship, and education by publishingworldwide inOxford New YorkAuckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town ChennaiDares Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi KolkataKuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City MumbaiNairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo TorontoOxford and Oxford English are registered trade marks ofOxford University Press in the UK and in certain othercountries© Oxford University Press 2002Database right Oxford University Press (maker)First published 2002Second impression 2002No unauthorized photocopyingAll rights reserved.
No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, inany form or by any means, without the prior permission inwriting of Oxford University Press, or as expresslypermitted by law, or under terms agreed with theappropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiriesconcerning reproduction outside the scope of the aboveshould be sent to the ELT Rights Department, OxfordUniversity Press, at the address aboveYou must not circulate this book in any other binding orcover and you must impose this same condition on anyacquirerAny websites referred to in this publication are in the publicdomain and their addresses are provided by OxfordUniversity Press for information only.
Oxford UniversityPress disclaims any responsibility for the content.ISBN 019 457375 3Designed by Shireen Nathoo Design, LondonPrinted and bound in Spain by Mateu Cromo, S. A. Pinto(Madrid)p.8 Extracts from Computing in the Information Age (2ndEdition) by Nancy Stern & Robert A. Stern, © John Wileyand Sons Inc. Reproduced by permission; p.16 'Cachememory', PC Plus February 1994 © Future PublishingLimited. PC Plus is a trademark of Future PublishingLimited, a Future Network PLC group company used underlicence. All rights reserved.
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