01-04-2020-Oxford_English_for_Infomation_Technology (1171844), страница 25
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Avoid older languages such asFORTRAN and COBOL unless you want to workas a contract programmer.However, it's not enough just to turn up for a jobinterview with a logical mind as your solequalification. An employer will want to see somesort of formal qualification and a proven trackrecord. But if you can show someone animpressive piece of software with your name on it,it will count for a lot more than a string ofacademic qualifications.For someone starting out, my best advice wouldbe to subscribe to the programming magazinessuch as Microsoft Systems Journal. Get one or twoof the low-cost 'student' editions of C++, VisualBasic and Delphi.
Get a decent book on Windowsprogramming. If you decide programming is reallyfor you, spend more money on a training course.How to become a Computer ConsultantThe first key point to realise is that you can'tknow everything. However you mustn't becomean expert in too narrow a field. The second keypoint is that you must be interested in yoursubject. The third key point is to differentiatebetween contract work and consultancy. Goodcontractors move from job to job every fewmonths. A consultant is different.
A consultantoften works on very small timescales - a few dayshere, a week there, but often for a core collectionof companies that keep coming back again andagain.There's a lot of work out there for people whoknow Visual Basic, C++, and so on. And there arelots of people who know it too, so you have to bebetter than them. Qualifications are important.Microsoft has a raft of exams you can take, asdoes Novell, and in my experience these are veryuseful pieces of paper. University degrees areuseless. They merely prove you can think, andwill hopefully get you into a job where you canlearn something useful.
Exams like MicrosoftCertified Systems Engineer are well worth doing.The same goes for NetWare Certification.However, this won't guarantee an understandingof the product, its positioning in the market, howit relates to other products and so on. That'swhere the all-important experience comes in.Here's the road map. After leaving university youget a technical role in a company and spend yourevenings and weekends learning the tools of yourtrade - and getting your current employer to payfor your exams. You don't stay in one companyfor more than two years. After a couple of hopslike that, you may be in a good position to moveinto a junior consultancy position in one of thelarger consultancy companies. By the age of 30,you've run big projects, rolled out majorsolutions and are well known.
Maybe then it'stime to make the leap and run your own life.How to become an IT ManagerIT managers manage projects, technology andpeople. Any large organisation will have at leastone IT manager responsible for ensuring thateveryone who actually needs a PC has one andthat it works properly. This means takingresponsibility for the maintenance of servers andthe installation of new software, and for staffing ahelp-desk and a support group.Medium to large companies are also likely to havean IT systems manager. They are responsible fordeveloping and implementing computer softwarethat supports the operations of the business.They're responsible for multiple developmentprojects and oversee the implementation andsupport of the systems. Companies will have twoor three major systems that are probably boughtoff the shelf and then tailored by an in-housedevelopment team.Apart from basic hardware and software expertise,an IT manager will typically have over five years'experience in the industry.
Most are between 30and 45. Since IT managers have to takeresponsibility for budgets and for staff, employerslook for both of these factors in any potentialrecruit.Nearly all IT managers have at least a first degree ifnot a second one as well. Interestingly, many ofthem don't have degrees in computing science. Inany case, the best qualification for becoming amanager is experience. If your personality is suchthat you're unlikely to be asked to takeresponsibility for a small team or a project, thenyou can forget being an IT manager.
You need tobe bright, communicative and be able to earn thetrust of your teams. Most of this can't be taught,so if you don't have these skills then divert yourcareer elsewhere.156UNIT 22 People in ComputingNow share information orally about your text with others inyour group to complete the table for each of the occupationsdescribed.For which of the careers described are these statements true?More than one career may match each statement.123You may work for only a few days or a week for a company.It's a good idea to buy books on languages such as C++.You are responsible for developing and implementing thesoftware a company needs to run its operations.4 You need to be able to break down a problem into a number ofsmaller tasks.5 It's worth paying for a training course if you get serious aboutthis career.6Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer is a useful qualification foryour career.7 Your objective is to become self-employed.8 It's important you have the right personality to lead a team.LANGUAGE WORKRequirements: need to, have to, must, be + essential, criticalNote how we describe requirements forparticular jobs:We can also treat need as a modal verb anduse the negative form needn't:17 You needn't have a degree in computingscience.2345You need to be able to empathise with theperson at the other end of the phone.IT managers have to take responsibility forbudgets.You must be interested in your subject.You must have worked for at least twoyears in systems analysis.Experience with mainframes isessen tia I/critical.Have to is an ordinary verb.
Its negative formis made in the usual way:8You don't have to be an expert ineverything.We can describe things which are notrequirements like this:Mustn't has a quite different meaning. Itmeans it is important not to do something. Itis used for warnings, rules and strong advice.For example:69You don't need to have a degree incomputing science.You mustn't make unauthorised copies ofsoftware.UNIT 22 People in Computing157Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verbs, needto, have to and must, to make sensible statements.
More than oneanswer is possible in some examples.1Technical qualificationsto be renewed at intervals toensure they do not go out of date.23YouYou4You5You67YouYoubecome an expert in too narrow a field.to have good communication skills to become anIT Manager.be an expert in hardware to become aprogrammer.have worked with IBM mainframes for at leasttwo years.be able to show leadership.have a degree but itbe in computingscience.8910YouYouThese days youStudy these requirements for different jobs in computingadvertised on the Internet. Then describe the requirements using themethods studied in this unit.1 Systems Manager/Programmertechnical specialistmin.
2 yrs work in systemsprogrammingplus exp. of Netview/automationdesign & support4 Webmasterstrong Unix experienceable to use HTML, DHTML andJavaScriptknowledge of Shell ScriptsI 2 Support Analyst: IBMMainframe MVSIBM MVS support technician1 yr exp. of VTAM, NCP, SSP,NPM, IBM 3745-900 hardwareauthorised to work in the EU3 Programmer3 yrs exp. SAP Basic TechnicalEnvironmentteam player with stronganalytical and problem-solvingskillsability to communicate issuesand solutions and manage timeeffectively5 Cisco TechnicianCCNA qualifiedexcellent skills in thesurrounding technologiesmin.
2 yrs work in supportknowledge of NT and Netwareexperience of ERP systemsimplementationvery strong managerial skills158UNIT 22 People in ComputingPROBLEM-SOLVINGWork in pairs. Study these job requirements. Then try to matchthe requirements to the list of jobs which follows.at least 5 years (2 at seniorlevel) in: Unix, SYBASE orORACLE, NT or Windows 2000,Terminal Server, TCP/IP,Internet.strong project management (2years)willingness to travel abroadable to manage, lead anddevelop a teamknowledge of C, C++, Delphiexperience of object-orienteddesign within a commercialenvironmentability to deliver softwareprojects against agreedschedules and within agreedestimatesproven track record in thedelivery of e-solutions inbanking environmentknowledge of Unix, NT andOraclewillingness to travelinternationallyminimum 4 years lifecycledevelopment experiencedemonstrable skills using VB,SQL, RDBMSable to develop core s/wexcellent communication skillsminimum of 18 monthscommercial experience of Webdevelopmentknowledge of HTML, Java, ASPfull portfolio of URLs asexamplesexperience of NT, Exchange,SQL Server, MonitoringSoftware, Verta, TCP/IPsolid grasp of networking2 to 5 years experience in anetwork environmentabcdefSPEAKINGVisual Basic DeveloperIT Engineer (Network & Database)Web DeveloperNetwork SupportE-commerce ConsultantTeam LeaderWork in pairs, A and B.
Choose one of the computing careersfrom the list provided. Your partner must find out what your job is byasking only Yes/No questions. Your partner cannot ask 'Are you aprogrammer, etc?'Student AStudent BYour careers are on page 189.Your careers are on page 195.UNIT 22 People in Computing 159Study the c.v. of Paul who was interviewed in Unit 5.
Then writeWRITINGyour own c.v. in the same way. For the purpose of this task, you caninvent experience and assume you have passed all your examinations!Paul W CairPersonal details30/5/797 Linden Crescent, Stonebridge EH21 3TZp.w.cair@btinternet.comEducationStandard grades in Maths, English, Spanish,Computer Studies, Geography, Science, James High SchoolHNC in Computing Maxwell CollegeHMD in Computing Support Maxwell CollegeOther qualificationsJan 2000 CTECWork experienceIT support consultant NovasystemsNovasystems is an IT company that provides a complete range of computingservices for its corporate clients.My experience includes:• advising clients on IT issues and strategies• 1st line customer telephone support• database design• configuration and installation of hardware and software to clients'specifications• network administration and implementation• PC assemblyI have knowledge of these areas:• Windows 2000 Server/Professional• Office 97, 2000• Sage Line 50 & 100• Windows 95/98• TCP/IP Networking• Windows NT4 Server/Workstation• Exchange Server 5.5• Veritas Backup Exec for NTHobbies and interestsvolleyballRefereesDr L.
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