The Linguistic Culture-9-10 (Political Parties and Elections_ Media_ Soap Operas)(Education and Science in the USA) (1157935), страница 9
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Businesses and banks closed their doors; people lost their jobs, homes and savings,and many dependent on (4) ---- to (5) ----. In 1933, at worst point in the depression, more than 15million Americans - one quarter of the nation workforce-were unemployed.The depression was caused by number of serious (6) ---- in the economy. Although the 1920sappeared on the surface to be a (7) ----- time, income was unevenly distributed. The wealthymade large profits, but more and more Americans spent more than they (8) ----, and farmersfaced low prices and heave debt. The lingering effects of the World War I caused economicproblems in many countries, as Europe struggled to pay war debts and reparations.
The problems(9) ----- to the crisis that began the Great Depression: the (10) ---- U.S. stock market crash of1929, which ruined thousands of investors and destroyed (11) ---- in the economy. Continuingthroughout the 1930s, the depression ended in the United States only when (12) ---- spending forWorld War II began.1. A economizeC economically 5.A survivalC surviveB economyD economicB survivedD surviving2.
A dependC dependence6.A weaknessesC weakenB dependentD dependablyB weakD weakly3. An unemployment C employ7.A prosperityC prosperouslyB unemployedD employeeB prosperousD prosper4. A charitableC charity8.A earningsC earningB charitablyD charitiesB earnD earned9. A contributionC contributed10A catastrophicC catastrophicallyB contributeD contributingB catastropheD catastrophist11. A confidenceC confidential12A massC massivelyB confideD confidentiallyB massivenessD massive3.Translate into English:1.Большинство английских детей учатся в средних школах, называемыхобщеобразовательными школами. 2. В 16 лет ученики сдают государственный экзамен наполучение аттестата о среднем образовании.
3. Некоторые ученики в 16 лет продолжают обучениев т.н.шестом классе школы. 4. Шестой класс готовит учеников к более высокомууровню экзаменов, который называется «уровень» A. 5.«Уровень А» нужендля поступления в университет. 6. Другие шестнадцатилетние уходят поступают в колледжидальнейшего обучения, чтобы получить профессиональные дипломы.7.Британские университетыделятся на три категории: самые старые престижные Кембридж и Оксфорд,«краснокирпичныеуниверситеты», построенные в конце 19-начале 20 веков и современные, новые университеты, т.н.«университеты из бетона и пластика».
8. Английские студенты учатся в университетах, в основном,три года и при успешной сдаче экзаменов получают степень «бакалавра». 9. Для получениястепени «магистра» нужно учиться еще 1-2 года.10.Только 25% английской молодежиполучает высшее образование6.3. Вариант № 21. Complete the text with the right words or word combinations:to meltfusionto flooda salad bowlenthusiasmidentitiesto be a great successsimilarheritagebackgroundsentirelyto clingMelting pot or salad Bowl?In 1908 Israel Zangwill wrote a play, The Melting Pot.
The hero, a refugee from persecution inCzarist Russia, escapes to the United States. In the final scene he speaks with----- about themixture of people in his new homeland: “America is God’s Crucible, the great Melting Potwhere all the races of Europe are melting and reforming! Here you stand in your fifty groupswith your fifty languages and histories, and your fifty blood hatreds and rivalries, but you won’tbe like that for long… German and Frenchman, Irishman and Englishman, Jews and Russiansinto the Crucible with you all! God is making the American…. He will be the---- of all races, thecoming superman.”Zangwill`s play ----.
This was perhaps because many in the audiences who came to see it foundits message reassuring. At a time when poor and uneducated immigrants from Europe were ---------into the United States in millions, it was comforting for Americans to be told that theircountry could turn the newcomers into Americans like themselves.In fact this never really happened, at least not completely. The United States turned out to bemore ---- than a melting pot. Groups from ---- national and ethic backgrounds often stayedtogether, keeping alive their old ---- and many of their old customs.
They lived in “Chinatowns”or “Little Italy’s”, areas populated almost ---- by Americans of similar ethic origins. Suchdistricts can still be found in many large American cities. Americans from different immigrant---do mix together in time. It has been estimated, for example, that for about 80 percent of thegreat-grand children of early-twentieth-century immigrates marry outside their own ethnicgroups. Yet such third - generation Americans often----with pride of their ethnic ----. So do manyAmericans whose immigrant origins are even further in the past.2. Fill in the gaps with nouns derived from the following verbs:to entertain to relateto invade to acquaintto perfectto referto marryto varyto produceto succeedto departto dieto editto addIn the history of America, no subject has been more popular than the Civil War.
Whether innovels, television shows, or movies, some of the most beloved and durable works of popularculture have used the war as appoint of----. But no work about the Civil War has attained theplace by Gone with the Wind. It first won praise as a novel by Margaret Mitchell. Born inAtlanta, Georgia, Mitchell grew up among----who had first-hand memories of the war thatburned their city to the ground. After a brief, disastrous ----, she began supporting herself bywriting for an Atlanta newspaper.Ailing from a ---- of ills that plagued her until her---- in 1950, Mitchell retired from journalismin the mid-1920s and began writing her novel.
She refused repeated requests to show hermanuscript to a curious----when he visited Atlanta on a scouting trip in 1935.But when a---expressed surprise that Mitchell was capable of writing fiction, she angrily presented it to theagent as he was about to leave the city. He read the novel on the train, and knowing he haddiscovered the classic, he offered Mitchell a book contract. Published in June 1936, Gone withthe Wind became an instant publishing phenomenon.
It sold 50,000 copies in one day, a millionwithin six months, and an average of 3700 copies a day for the rest of the year. In 1937 the novelwon the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. By 1997 it has sold approximately 30 million copies,periodically returning to the best-seller list.Even before the book was released there was a feverish fight for the movie rights.
David O.Selznick, a Hollywood mogul who had recently created his own studio, paid Mitchell $ 50,000,an astonishing amount for that time. But despite Selznick wishes, Mitchell refused to write ascript or to have anything at all to do with the film ----.Making of the film version, which took more than three years, was an epic in itself. Technicaldifficulties abounded, and editing of enormous amounts of film footage slowed the process.Shooting began before the script was even complete. Gone with the Wind premiered in Atlantaon December 15, 1939. The film became an even bigger---- than the book and won nine Oscars,including Best Picture. By the 1970s an estimated 90 percent of the American public had seenthe film in a theatre or on television.In 1985 Turner purchased MGM/UA Entertainment Company, which was the ---- of the MetroGold-Win-Mayer (MGM) and United Artists (UA) film studio.
Within months Turner sold mostof the company, but he retained MGM`s massive library of films, which included such classicsas Gone With The Wind and The Wizard Of Oz.3. Translate from Russian into EnglishРусские американцы. Без России не было бы телевизоров ивертолетов. На всем протяжении американской истории, причем в еесамые ответственные моменты, русские всегда были готовы прийти ипомочь. Первый «русский американец», друг президента Мэдисона ФедорКаржавин (1745-1812) внес свою лепту в борьбу за независимость. Жизньи дела его - сюжеты для авантюрного романов. Полковник Российскойармии Иван Тупчанинов после Крымской войны вышел в отставку иэмигрировал в Америку.
Там во время гражданской войны добровольцемзаписался в армию северян, командовал бригадой и был произведенЛинкольном в генералы. Его жена стала первой в Америке женщиной полевым хирургом.Александр Северский (1894-1974) был конструктором военных самолетов.Среди его идей были автопилот и система дозоправки в воздухе. СтепанТимошенко(1878-1972)-ученый-металлург, крупнейший в мире специалистпо сопротивлению материалов.… Тысячи фамилий в русском миреАмерики являются гордостью наших стран:.Нобелевский лауреат,экономист Леонтьев, изобретатель телевидения Зворикин, авиаконструкторИгорь Сикорский, выдающийся американский офтальмолог ЕленаФедукович, Нина Федорова – генетик, академик Национальной академиинаук, физик Георгий Гамов. А еще – писатели, артисты балета, музыканты,певцы, художники!7.Требования к зачетуКонечные требования при подготовке специалистов ВМК устанавливаются с ориентациейна международные стандарты (не ниже уровня В2 по общеевропейской шкале уровнейвладения иностранными языка СЕFR и с учетом национальных приоритетов вобразовании.
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