The Linguistic Culture-3 (british society) (1157930)
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British Society, Customs and TraditionsIt is easy to assume that the population and society in Britain is stable, but it is notcorrect. At the moment it is 58 million but it is unevenly distributed across theland, and there has been a persistent drift to the south.The British population is already one of the oldest in Europe, and it is currentlygetting older. A disproportionate number of the old choose to retire to the southcoast and East Anglia, is creating regional imbalances.Britain is also changing ethnically.
Since the 1950s, over two million AfroCaribbean and Asian people have come to live and work in Britain. They havebecome 5.7 % of Britain population, but concentrated particularly in London andLeicester (where their density is three times the national average), and inBirmingham, Slough and Bradford (where it is twice the national average).Despite such changes, broad stereotypical views concerning British society persist.Take, for example, the classic stereotypes concerning English Homes and Houses.Do you remember R. Kipling’ famous expression: My home is my castle?Is an English man's home really his castle? Though both the role and thelook of the home are changing, an Englishman's home is as much his castle is itwas 100 years ago.
The Conservative party has been long encouraging homeownership and now 82% of British families prefer to live in their own houses andonly 15% live in flats. Here are some typical houses owned by Britons: “Detached”houses, ones that stand on their own, are the most desirable. “Semi-detached”houses, consisting of two equal halves and there are also “terraced” ones, joined ina row of more than two.Some typical British homes are the smallest in Europe. The report undertaken bythe Centre for Economics & Business Research for Bradford & Bingley revealsBritish living space per home is 12 percent smaller than the average Spanish home,14 percent smaller than in Germany and 16 percent smaller than in France.All of know the love of Britons for gardening. There are small gardens in front andbehind their houses.What is inside such houses? What is on the ground floor and the first floor?“England has a wealth of grand palaces, castles and countrymansions.
Many are located in beautiful countryside, some instowns and cities. Castles dating back to the 1300 , countrysmansions from the 1600 and four hundred year old palaces. Mostof these properties are no longer privately owned. There are asnumber of family owned mansions dating back to the 1400 whichopen for private groups.,Eighty per cent of the British people live in towns or cities.
Most of themwould prefer to live in the countryside if it were possible. People are movingout of large cities, some are going to the countryside and small towns.In themiddle of the 20th century the pressure to move out of London intensified.There were two main reasons for this. The most important was the steep risein house prices in London area and the second reason for moving was to havea better quality of life. British whites' are the minority in London for the firsttime as census of 2011 shows number of UK immigrants has jumped by3million in 10 years. Just 44.9% of Londoners are White British,according to census data. And in general 7.5million residents ofEngland and Wales were foreign-born in 2011Another typical feature of English life is a great number of “commuters”, asthose people who live now in the province retain their jobs in London and bigcities and go to and from work every day sometimes for two hours.The conservative housing policies contributed to the rising number ofhomeless people especially in big cities.
You can see a lot of people sleepingrough in central London each night. They are called “dossers”. Many of themare young school-leavers who come to London to find jobs but failed becauseit is extremely difficult to get a job without a home address.Traditional families in England: two children, a dog and a cat.Marriage rate dips to record low as fewer than half are hitched.English TraditionsYou cannot really imagine Britain without all her traditions.Some British customs and traditions are known all over the world.What should one know on coming to England? First – a typicalEnglish breakfast different from the continental one, a lunch(from 12 o’clock to 1 o’clock), five-o’clock tea, dinner or supper(6-7 o”clock). There are some traditional dishes such as roastbeef and Yorkshire pudding, Cornish pasti Wesker and of coursepies.British people spent less time cooking nowthen they use to doin the pst.
Even traditional English breakfast is a bit of a mythtoday. Many people prefer to have a bowl of cornflakes or a cupof coffee for breakfast. A lot of people unite two meals: breakfastand lunch together (s0-called “ brunch”).When British people goout for a meal, they very often go to their local Indian or Chinese,Italian or Turkish restaurant or buy a “takeaway” food.
Verymany still go to the pubs.The word "pub" is short for "public house". Pubs are sopopular in the UK that there are over 60,000 pubs there (53,000in England and Wales, 5,200 in Scotland and 1,600 in NorthernIreland). Pubs are an important part of British life. People talk,eat, drink, meet their friends and relax there.English Customs are reflected in popular British HolidaysShouldeverbeforgotten.Guy Fawkes Day - November 5PthP. “Remember, remember the 5th of NovemberGunpowder, treason and plot. I see no reason in that gunpowder treason”.
Thispopular British rhyme is often spoken on Bonfire Night, in memory of theGunpowder Plot.Guy Fawkes Day' is also known as 'Bonfire Night' or 'FireworksNight'.November 5, 1605, when catholic Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators (60 inall) attempted to kill King James I and the Members of Parliament. This conspiracyarose as a reaction to the persecution of Catholics under the rule of King James, aProtestant. They hid 36 barrels of gunpowder in the cellars of the Houses ofParliament and were going to blow up the Houses of Parliament.
But one of theplotters betrayed the conspiracy in a letter to his brother-in-law Lord who told thegovernment about the plotter’s plans. Fawkes was caught with a box of matches inhis pocket. Some conspirators fled but many were killed or arrested. Ninemembers, including Fawkes, were hung and quartered in January 1606.Parliament made the 5th November a day of public thanksgiving and ever sincethen the day has been celebrated with fireworks and bonfires. Today children stillmake stuffed figures with masks of Guy Fawkes. They call these figures guys anddisplay them in the streets.
Some use the traditional formula of "A penny for theguy" when asking for money.November 5 is also called the Ringing Day because it is appointed for churchbells to be rung for the whole day.One of the largest events in the UK is the Bridgewater Carnival. The processionis held each year on the Thursday nearest to November 5.
It is an illuminatedprocession that takes about two hours to pass with over 130 entries made byvarious local carnival clubsChristmas Eve and Christmas Day.In England less emphasis is placed on Christmas Eve than in other countries,much more is made of Christmas Day. Carol singing, midnight church services andgoing out to the pub are some of the activities that many families enjoy (sometimesall three activities can be combined into one fun night out!).In 1647, the English parliament passed a law that made Christmas illegal,all festivities were banned by the Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell, who consideredfeasting on what was supposed to be a holy day to be immoral.
The ban was liftedonly when Cromwell lost power in 1660.During Queen Victoria's reign, Christmas became a time for gift giving, and aspecial season for children.St Patrick's Day - March 17th.. St Patrick (c.389-c.461) is the patron saint ofIreland. He was an ancient Briton living during the time when Britain was a colonyof the Roman Empire. When he was sixteen he was captured by pirates from acrossthe Irish Sea and taken to Ireland.
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