C.Ю. Резникова - Учебно-методическое пособие Biology and Other Sciences (1110810), страница 4
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Analyse your findings and make a bar chart like the one on the right reflectingyour survey results and prepare an oral report to present to the class. Make use ofthe information in the Study help box and Functional language box.Functional language: Presenting somebody’s opinionIt surprised us to learn that most students/professors, etc…The majority of students/people think that …A few students/of my friends have got mixed feelings about…A number of students/people are in favour of ...What we find really astonishing (about) … is …,etc.WritingWrite a group report on the results of your survey.
Make use of the Survey Report Formbelow.'A survey: …..Introduction & Objective…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….Survey takers…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….Questions & Findings…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….Visual representation of the statistical data (atable/bar chart/graph)Name …………………………..Date ……………………………22Study help: A survey reportTo write a survey report, follow these steps:1. Outline the purpose of performing your survey - detail why this survey was developed,who developed this survey and what outcome you expected.2.
Define how the survey was performed - fully describe how you chose your survey takers,questions asked and any other relevant information.3. Gather your statistical information and organize this into a table, bar chart or graph thatcan be visually understood by the reader.4. Write a conclusion that sums up your findings.Summarizing1. Read the text below to find the Russian equivalents to the following English wordcombinations.1) complex and diverse2) to study/understand sth in terms of biology3) high-quality breakthroughs4) to be emerging5) at the frontier of traditional disciplines6) to produce information7) to be closely connected with sth8) interdisciplinary research9) interaction of sciences10)methods and techniques of research11)the mainstream route12)a united science of the futureНа стыке наукОкружающий нас мир сложен и многогранен. Познать его невозможно с позиций только биологии, только физики, только химии и т.д. Качественные прорывы в решении проблем науки возможны при использовании знаний и методов многих традиционных дисциплин. Таким образом возникают всё новые и 23новые науки на «стыке» традиционных дисциплин.Биология — комплекс наук о живой природе. Она охватывает строение, жизнедеятельность, происхождение живых существ, их взаимоотношения между собой и с окружающей средой.В зависимости от предмета изучения биологию делят на отдельные науки. Так, микробиология дает знания о бактериях; ботаника изучает жизнедеятельность и строение растений; зоология исследует животных, а генетика имеет дело с закономерностями изменчивости и наследственности. Прогресс биологии как науки тесно связан с успехами других естественных и точных наук, таких как физика, химия, математика, информатика и др. Биология активно использует их достижения. На стыке наук возник целый ряд новых, таких как биофизика, биохимия, бионика и другие. Так, химический состав организмов и пути взаимопревращения веществ являются предметом изучения биохимии, а взаимоотношения организмов между собой и с окружающей средой — экологии.В настоящее время наиболее перспективными считаются исследования на стыке наук. Возникают новые направления и науки: биоинженерия, бионика, биоинформатика, биоэкономика, системная биология, и т.д. Это яркий пример интеграций наук.Один из важных путей взаимодействия наук - взаимообмен методами и приемами исследования, т.е. применение методов одних наук в других.Многие специалисты считают, что наиболее быстрого роста и важных открытий сейчас следует ожидать как раз на участках "стыка", взаимопроникновения наук и взаимного обогащения их методами и приемами исследования. Этот процесс объединения усилий различных наук для решения важных практических задач 24получает все большее развитие. Это магистральный путь формирования «единой науки будущего».Add new vocabulary to your vocabulary notebook.2.
Read the text again and summarize it in English. Make use of the phrases forsummarizing in the box.Phrases for summarizingThe article discusses / considers…The article informs / presents information about…It is reported /said /stated that…It is pointed out / claimed that…Actually;In fact;In particular;For example;Also;Moreover; etc.In the Realm of Science1. The words below can be useful when you speak about interdisciplinary sciencesand research.
Find their proper equivalents in your native language.Disciplinean area of knowledge or field of study, is a branch of knowledge that istaught and researched at the college or university level.Disciplinaryrefers to knowledge associated with one academic discipline orprofession.Multidisciplinaryrefers to knowledge associated with the mixture of academicdisciplines in that each discipline retains its methodologies andassumptions without change or development from other disciplinesInterdisciplinaryrefers to new knowledge or one single discipline resulted fromcombining of two or more academic fields.
An interdisciplinary fieldcrosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schoolsof thought, as new needs and professions have emerged.Transdisciplinaryrefers to a research strategy that crosses many disciplinary boundaries25to create a holistic approach. It applies to research efforts focused onproblems that cross the boundaries of two or more disciplines, such asresearch on effective information systems for biomedical research (seebioinformatics), and can refer to concepts or methods that wereoriginally developed by one discipline, but are now used by severalothers, such as ethnography, a field research method originallydeveloped in anthropology but now widely used by other disciplines.Crossdisciplinaryrefers to knowledge that explains aspects of one discipline in terms ofanother.
Common examples of crossdisciplinary approaches arestudies of the physics of music or the politics of literature.Progress MonitoringIn this unit you have worked on the following vocabulary on the topic:“Interdisciplinary Biology”. Tick (V) the points you are confident about and cross (X)the ones you need to revise.1. an interdisciplinary/cross-disciplinary field2. the scope of a discipline3. to bring one’s expertise into sth4. the route to success5.
to take advantage of sth6. to entail/encompass areas of study7. to share borders8. essential/key/significant/major9. to coin the term10. to provide research and training for sth11. a growing body of evidence12.interaction\interplay of sciences2613. at the frontier of traditional disciplines14. to gain perspective into sth15. to prove relevance to practice16. to identify a subfield within a discipline17. approach / method / technique18. to bring new insights to sb19.
to work together towards a common objective20. to be under wayProgress Test1. Cross out the odd word.a) advances, factors, breakthroughs, insightsb) theory, technique, method, approachc) ecology, biophotonics, system biology, botanyd) cutting-edge, revolutionary, progressive, evolutionarye) to integrate, to work together, to require, to cooperatef) tenure, viability, job, employmentg) argument, discourage, controversy, debateh) key, essential, powerful, considerable2. Cross out the word that does not collocate with the word interdisciplinary.interdisciplinarya) researchc) programmeb) studiese) fieldd) intelligenceAdd more words to this list.27f) education3.
Give English equivalents to the following Russian word combinations.a) искуственные сетиb) передовые исследования в области нанобиологииc) не думать шаблонамиd) характеризоваться взаимодействием физики, химии, биологии и техникиe) выполнять междисциплинарное исследованиеf) работать совместно для общей целиg) на стыке традиционных дисциплинh) выходить за рамки одной дисциплиныi) осуществляемый в данное времяj) ввести новый термин4. Write the word and the Russian equivalent next to each transcription.a) [̗ɪntǝr'ᴂkʃn]interactionвзаимодействие,взаимопроникновениеb) ['frʌntɪә(r)]c) [ˏɪntә'dɪsәplɪnәri]d) [rɪ'sɜ:tʃ]e) [ˏɑ:tɪ'fɪʃl]f) ['evɪdәns]g) [ɪn'telɪʤens]h) [ i'nevitәbәl ]i) ['tenjuә ]j) ['su:pәvaizә ]285. Rewrite the sentences using –ing or –ed clauses.a) One of the problems a new journal explores is how synthetic biology can leadto an understanding of the principles that underlie natural genetic circuits.b) “Bio” is a collection of cutting-edge research papers in the field ofcomputational and systems biology that are contributed by leading researchersfrom across the globe.c) We use these methods to address questions that range from genomics andmolecular evolution to ecology, evolution, and behavior.d) The lab is a confederation of independent scientists, who pursue their ownideas and interests, offering plenty of interaction and opportunity forcollaboration.e) School covers a broad spectrum of areas that varies from molecular biology toevolutionary biology, and has a strong focus on interdisciplinary research.f) The topics which are discussed in the book are in bioinformatics,computationalbiology,environmentalsciences,andtheirrelatedinterdisciplinary fields.g) Systems biology at the University of Glasgow brings together specialists whowork across fields as diverse as applied mathematics, molecular biology,theoretical computer science and medicine.h) Bioinformatics has developed powerful tools to handle the huge and rapidlydeveloping amount of data which is stored in databases.i) In structural biology efforts have been made to predict the 3D structure ofproteins and DNA that are based on homology and de novo.29TasksGet realProject workWritingSummarizingProgress testTotalCredit PointsMaximum score101010104080Your scores%ScriptSpeaker #1-Paul MillerInterviewer: I know that Stanford University has recently created some Interdisciplinary GraduateFellowship programmes to provide funding for doctoral students interested in interdisciplinary fields.Paul: Yes, that’s correct.
And I think this is a powerful statement from a powerful institute about the trends andopportunities in interdisciplinary studies.Interviewer: Paul, you are one of those graduate students, aren’t you? Why did you choose to do interdisciplinary research?Paul: Well, I am pursuing my doctoral dissertation to develop an interdisciplinary graduate program inengineering and management because I firmly believe that no discipline is perfect and no real world problemcomes in a packet.Interviewer: But is it possible to become a really good expert in two or more fields?Paul: Well, definitely working at the frontier of two fields rather than only one can be particularly challengingbut it provides the perfect training ground for thinking out of the box and developing the ability to make linksbetween seemingly unrelated phenomena.
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