C.Ю. Резникова - Учебно-методическое пособие Biology and Other Sciences (1110810), страница 3
Текст из файла (страница 3)
Working at the frontier of two fields rather than only one can be particularly4)______but it provides the perfect training ground for thinking out of the box anddeveloping the ability to make links between seemingly unrelated 5)_______. Besidessuccess in interdisciplinary fields also requires the development of a 6)_______scientific vocabulary. But I’m absolutely sure that if knowledge creation has 7) _______and sustain its relevance to practice then interdisciplinary education and research areinevitable.3. Listen to an interview with Sue Stampe and answer the questions.What does Sue think of having training in an interdisciplinary field?15What advantages and disadvantages of interdisciplinary studies does shediscuss?What conclusion does she come to at the end of the talk?4.
Choose the correct word from the box to fill in the gaps in the extract below.supervisorsvaluetenure-trackproperversusopportunityviabilityboundariesdisciplinary... I have tenure1 in a polytechnic state university but it took me close to ten years to getmy first 1) _______ job and I would have made different choices if I’d known thatwould be the result of working across fields. I have taught in liberal arts 2 colleges that2) _______ breadth, but they typically do not provide any 3) _______ to continue anactive research program....
Besides young scholars are quite often discouraged by their disciplinary 4) _______from engaging in interdisciplinary research projects until they have first qualified forand obtained positions in their 5) _______ field. As a result it is much harder for astudent to find 6) _______ supervision in an interdisciplinary than in a disciplinary area.... The key point to take away from this talk is to see your future not as disciplinary 7)_______ interdisciplinary, but rather as one of disciplinary and interdisciplinary.Maintain your grounding3 in your sub discipline while reaching out to applicationsacross disciplinary 8) _______.
Doing so will not only increase the 9) _______ of yourresearch career; it will make it much more interesting.-----------------------------------1пребывание в должностиsuгуманитарные науки3базовые знания25. Match the idioms from the Listening task with their meanings and give equivalentsin your native language.161) to come in a packeta) to make use of an opportunity2) to think out of the boxb) to decide that somebody belongs to aparticular group without thinking deeplyabout it and considering what other qualitiesthey might have//to categorize, label sb3) to pigeonhole sbc) to go in the same direction as somebody4) to take advantage of sthd) to think about sth, how to do sth, in a way thatis new, different5) to follow sb’s pathe) to have started6) to be under wayf) to be available or exist in a particular wayDiscussIn a small group discuss the questions below and share your ideas with the class.Do you agree with Paul in thelistening task saying: “No discipline is perfect and no realworld problem comes in a packetthat’s why educationinterdisciplinary andresearchisinevitable.”? Why/Why not?Isittrueforyourfaculty/university that it is much harderfor a student to find a propersupervision in an interdisciplinarythan in a disciplinary area?Are employment opportunities asgood in interdisciplinarity as in disciplinary fields in your country?How do you understand the message of the picture? Comment on it.17Reading1.
Read the text and highlight the advantages of interdisciplinary research.Realizing Benefits from Interdisciplinary ResearchFor much of the last century the route to success for most scientists involvedidentifying a subfield within a discipline and then becoming an expert in it. For manyscientists this approach still works.
Discipline-based research continues to provide thecore of our knowledge about the universe and has led to many fundamentalbreakthroughs in science.But today, many of the exciting problems in science are too complex to to besolved by a discipline-based approach only. They require the contributions of scientistsfrom a number of different fields, each bringing their expertise into interdisciplinaryresearch.Interdisciplinary research is a means of research by teams or individuals thatintegrates information, data, techniques, tools, concepts, and/or theories from two ormore disciplines to advance fundamental understanding or to solve problems whosesolutions are beyond the limits of a single discipline or field of research.In interdisciplinary biology, tools or questions aimed at one level of biologicalorganization are used to inform our understanding at another level of organization.
Forexample, just as phylogenetic approaches to genomic data can be used to understand theevolution of species, so can these data throw new light on functional traits of anorganism’s genome.Besides consider the rapidly developing field of "smart" or "intelligent" materialsand structures. Here, investigators with backgrounds in biology, physics, chemistry,materials science, mathematics, computers, and engineering cooperate in developinghuman-made artifacts which sense and respond to their environment by learning,adapting, and repairing themselves.One great advantage of interdisciplinary science is that it allows people in18different fields to work together towards a common objective.
Multidisciplinaryprograms are now under way at many research institutions across the world. At StanfordUniversity alone there are over 22interdisciplinaryresearchcenters,including the recently established BioXprogram. This project combines the workof investigators from biology, physics,chemistry, engineering, and medicine insuch areas as tissue engineering; singlemoleculeanalysisandmolecularstructure; cognitive and systems neurosciences; imaging from molecules to humans; andbiocomputation.
With the growth of the Web, many interdisciplinary programs havegone global, making them both cross-cultural as well as cross-disciplinary.(http://www.cap.ca/pic/archives/59.2(2003)/editorial.html)1. Mark the statements below T for ‘true’ or F for ‘false’. Correct the false ones and expand on the true ones.a) For centuries discipline-based research has been the way to success for mostscientists.b) Only discipline-based approach can lead to outstanding breakthroughs inscience.c) At present scientific research is becoming more interdisciplinary.d) An interdisciplinary research draws on knowledge from different disciplinesbut stays within the limits of one primary field.e) The field of ‘smart’ materials and structures is a good evidence ofsuccessful cooperation among researchers with backgrounds in differentsciences.19f) Despite its significance interdisciplinary research is still not globallydeveloped.g) World Wide Web helps interdisciplinary projects to affect the whole worldand cover cross-cultural issues.Focus on language1.
Find in the text a synonym for each group of words given in the list below.a) way, path, directionb) essence, focus, heartc) knowledge, skills, competenced) purpose, aim, goale) benefit, gain, prof) researchers, scientists, explorersg) education, knowledge, experienceh) progress, develop, evolve2. Match the words in A with their definitions in B.A1) approachBa) a particular way of doing sth, especially one in which youhave to learn special skills2) strategyb) a particular way of doing sth3) methodc) a method, style or manner of doing sth4) techniqued) an action, an object or a system by which a result isachieved; a way of achieving or doing sth5) waye) a way of dealing with sb/sth; a way of doing or thinkingabout sth such as a problem or a task6) meansf) a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose203.
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.strategywaysmeanstechniqueapproachesmethoda) The first step of the scientific _____________ involves making an observationabout something that interests you.b) Sampling _____________ are powerful, and have extensive applications inecology.c) There are two major ______________ of obtaining data, through measurementand observation.d) Systems Biology covers intra- and inter-cellular dynamics, using systems- andsignal-oriented __________________.e) The core of this ____________ is to use the genetic information arising frommany sources.f) Synthetic biology is a _____________ for the exploitation of whole-genomesequence information.Project workStudy helpWork in groups of four.1. Collect information about six interdisciplinaryfields in biology.
Share and summarize theinformation you have collected and presentyour findings as a one-page poster.Using your group poster conduct a survey tofind out which of these fields biology studentsWhen you present your oral reports,follow this procedure:a) one student introduces the groupand gives an introduction of thework conducted by the group;b) the next few students present oneor two of the points and someinteresting comments;c) the last student concludes thepresentation by summarizing andinterpreting the information.would like to specialize in. (Decide whichgroup you will interview - junior or senior students, undergraduate or graduate).Note down the reasons they give in favour of a particular field and the most21interesting comments.2.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
