ku2 (1108608), страница 3
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*-)'(0A ( B = Tij ATijt /&47-,-L): blm = alm 7'( l 6= i j , m 6= i j . $+,&4-)+$:1&,Y(B ) ; Y(A) =nXm=1m=ij6=nXm=1m=ij(b2im ; a2im ) +nXm=1m=ij6((b2im + b2jm) ; (a2im + a2jm)) +6(b2jm ; a2jm) +nXl=1l=ij6nXl=1l=ij((b2li + b2lj ) ;(b2li ; a2li) +nX(b2lj ; a2lj )l=1l=ij+(b2ij a2ij ) + (b2ji(a2li + a2lj )) + 2(b2ij;6; a2ji); a2ij )6(>,+/: *< (/7&$:>&4-$( /(**+)'(31&/): *-)'(0 A ( B : aij = aji , bij = bji ,$@4/+6 i j = 1 : : : n ).
+> &%'-1(3+1(@ &=C1&/)( *< *&A+* /3()-):, 3)& i < j . /($. /)'&+1(@ *-)'(0< Tij (/*. (I.12.1)) ( 7'-4($ .*1&A+1(@ *-)'(0 7&$.3-+*,$@ 4/+6 m l = 1 : : : n , m l 6= i j :! !!bim = cos ' ; sin 'aim(5)bjmsin ' cos 'ajm.. x5. & '1+ %(88!tcos';sin'(bli blj ) = (ali alj ) sin ' cos '(6)-)'(0< 7'+&='->&4-1(@ 4 (5) ( (6) &')&%&1-$:1< ( 7&)&*. /&6'-1@L) ,$(1<(,4.*+'1<6) 4+2)&'&4.
9&;)&*.b2im + b2jm = a2im + a2jm m = 1 : : : n m 6= i j Tb2li + b2lj = a2li + a2ljl = 1 : : : n l 6= i j:$+,&4-)+$:1&,Y(B ) ; Y(A) = 2(b2ij ; a2ij ):(7)F)& 4<'-A+1(+ =.,+) *(1(*-$:1&, 2&%,- bij = 0.7'+,+$(* .%&$ 4'-C+1(@ (> .'-41+1(@ ' = 0. > 4<'-A+1(@ (7) 4<)+2-+),3)& ,&/)-)&31& '-//*&)'+): 2 2 /(**+)'(31<+ *-)'(0< A ( B :!!!bbaacos';sin'iiijiiijB = b b A = a a Tij = sin ' cos ' B = Tij ATijt :ij jjij jj<3(/$(*!cos'a;sin'acos'a;sin'aiiijijjjTij A = sin 'a + cos 'a sin 'a + cos 'aiiijijjj(bij = sin '(cos 'aii ; sin 'aij ) + cos '(cos 'aij ; sin 'ajj )= sin ' cos 'aii ; sin2 'aij + cos2 'aij ; sin ' cos 'ajj= 21 sin 2'(aii ; ajj ) + cos 2'aij> ./$&4(@ bij = 0 7&$.3-+* .'-41+1(+1 sin 2'(a ; a ) + cos 2'a = 0iijjij2&)2.,8>< tg 2' = ; a 2;aija +/$( aii 6= ajj iijj>:' = +/$( aii = ajj :4.,+* 4<=('-): ' 2 U; 4 4 ].
&%,- cos 2' 0 ( sign(sin ') = sign(tg 2'). $+,&4-)+$:1&,1cos 2' =(1 + tg2 2')1=2(!!1=2 11cos ' = 2 1 + (1 + tg2 2')1=2!!1=2 11sin ' = sign(tg 2') 2 1 ; (1 + tg2 2')1=2.. x5. & '1+ %89=&>1-3(* x = ;2aij , y = aii ; ajj . &%,tg 2' = x cos 2' = y( cos ' = 1 1 + 2 jyj2 1=22(x + y )!!1=2jy j1!1=2 = (x2 + y2)1=2 21 + xy2 sin ' = sign(xy) 12 1 ; (x2 +jyyj2)1=2!!1=2:,1-2& 7'( jyj ! 1 3(/$- 1 ( (x2 +jyyj2)1=2 *&%.) &2->-):/@ =$(>2( ( 7'( 4<3(/$+1(( (6 '->1&/)( 4&>1(2-+) =&$:K-@ 4<3(/$()+$:1-@ 7&%'+K1&/):. 9&;)&*.sin ' 4<3(/$@L) 7& 5&'*.$+xjyj22 1=2sin ' = sin 2' = tg 2' cos 2' = y (x + y )2 cos '2 cos '2 cos 'x sign(y))jxj== sign(xy221=222 cos ' (x + y )2 cos ' (x + y2)1=22&13-)+$:1&, '-/3+)1<+ 5&'*.$< (*+L) 4(,:cos ' = p1 sin ' = p17'( y = 022!!1=2 (8)jyjsign(xy)jxj1cos ' =1 + 2 2 1=2 sin ' = 2 cos ' (x2 + y2)1=2 7'( y 6= 02(x + y )(%,+ x = ;2aij , y = aii ; ajj ).-2(* &='->&*, ,$@ 4<7&$1+1(@ ./$&4(@ (3) ,&/)-)&31& 4<='-): 7'&(>4&$:1<8 41+,(-%&1-$:1<8 ;$+*+1) a(ijk 1) 6= 0 ( /,+$-): 7'+&='->&4-1(+ Tij (') /.%$&* ' , &7'+,+$+11<* 7& 7'(4+,+11<* 4<K+ 5&'*.$-*.;x 5.3.
%* &'>% >!"@* B"=+/7+3(* 4<7&$1+1(+ ./$&4(@ (4) >- /3+) 4<=&'- 1&*+'- (i j ) &=1.$@+*&%&;$+*+1)- a(ijk 1) . F)& *&A1& /,+$-): 1+/2&$:2(*( /7&/&=-*(, 2&)&'<+ 1-><4-L) &. *+11& /)'-)+%(@ 4<=&'- &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)- 4 >1-3()+$:1&8 /)+7+1( &7'+,+$@+) )'.,&+*2&/): -$%&'()**+)&,- 4'-C+1(8 2&=(.;.. x5. & '1+ %90x 5.3.1. $ &%? &'>% "#* B" 2-3+/)4+ a(ijk 1) 4<=('-+* *-2/(*-$:1<8 7& *&,.$L 41+,(-%&1-$:1<8 ;$+*+1) *-)'(0< Ak 1 :ja(ijk 1)j = lmmax=1 ja(lmk 1)j(9);;;;l=m6 1. ( (9) & (4) .:"#&.
9'( $L=&8 /)'-)+%(( 4<=&'- ;$+*+1)- a(ijk,.+), 3)&Y(Ak ) = Y(Ak 1) ; ja(ijk;9./): a(ijk;1)1);j1) 2:;(> (7) /$+(10)4<='-1 2-2 (9). &%,-Y(Ak 1 ) =;nXlm=1l=mjja(mlk 1) 2;6$+,&4-)+$:1&,nXlm=1l=mja(ijk 1)j2 = n(n ; 1)ja(ijk 1)j2:;;6ja(ijk 1)j2 n(n1; 1) Y(Ak 1):;;9&;)&*. (> (10)22!Y(Ak ) Y(Ak 1) ; n(n ; 1) Y(Ak 1 ) = 1 ; n(n ; 1) Y(Ak 1 )!!!k222 1 ; n(n ; 1) 1 ; n(n ; 1) Y(Ak 2) : : : 1 ; n(n ; 1) Y(A0):;;;;9&/2&$:2. q = 1 ; n(n2; 1) 2 (0 1), )& qk ! 0 7'( k ! 1 , (Y(Ak ) qk Y(A0 ) ! 0 7'( k ! 1:"$& 1. ( k ! 1 & Ak A . &2->-)+$:/)4& /$+,.+) (> )+&'+*< 1... x5.
& '1+ %916 "& % 5%6 $ 8* "*%'.,&+*2&/): -$%&'()*- /2$-,<4-+)/@ (> )'.,&+*2&/)( 7&/)'&+1(@ *-)'(0<Tij ('), )'.,&+*2&/)( .*1&A+1(@ *-)'(0< A 1- Tij (') /$+4- ( Tijt (') /7'-4(1+ >-4(/@) &) /)'-)+%(( 4<=&'- &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)-), - )-2A+ )'.,&+*2&/)(4<=&'- &3+'+,1&%& &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)-.1) - 4<=&' a(ijk 1) 7& 5&'*.$+ (9) 4 /($. /(**+)'(31&/)( *-)'(0< A )'+=.+)/@ n(n ; 1) &7+'-0(8 /'-41+1(@, 2&)&'<+ 7& 7&'@,2.
/$&A1&/)( '-41< -,2,()(41<* &7+'-0(@*.2) - 7&/)'&+1(+ *-)'(0< Tij (') ().+. &7'+,+$+1(+ cos ' ( sin ' ) 7& 5&'*.$-* (8) )'+=.+)/@ 1+ >-4(/@C++ &) n 3(/$& &7+'-0(8 ().+. O(1)).3) - .*1&A+1(+ *-)'(0< A 1- Tij (') /$+4- /&%$-/1& $+**+ I.12.5 )'+=.+)/@4n .*1&A+1(8 ( 2n /$&A+1(8.4) - .*1&A+1(+ *-)'(0< Tij (')A 1- Tijt (') /7'-4- /&%$-/1& $+**+ I.12.5)'+=.+)/@ 4n .*1&A+1(8 ( 2n /$&A+1(8.$+,&4-)+$:1&, 4/+%& 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ *-)'(0< Tij (')ATijt (') )'+=.+)/@ 8n +O(1) -,,()(41<6 ( 4n + O(1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8T 1- &,(1 K-% -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 8n + O(1) -,,()(41<6, 4n + O(1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 (n(n ; 1) &7+'-0(8 /'-41+1(@ (2&)&'<+ 7& 7&'@,2.
*&A1& /'-41(): / -,,()(421<*( &7+'-0(@*().;x 5.3.2. $ &%? 6" &'>% >!"@*B"1+,(-%&1-$:1<+ ;$+*+1)< *-)'(0< 1.*+'.L)/@ 4 /$+,.LC+* 7&'@,2+:a12 a13 : : : a1n a23 a24 : : : a2n a34 : : : a3n : : : an1n ;( 4 2-3+/)4+&=1.$@+*&%&;$+*+1)- 1- K-%+ k 4<=('-+)/@ ;$+*+1) / 1&*+'&*!k(mod n(n2; 1) (> ;)&%& /7(/2-. '.%(*( /$&4-*(, 4 2-3+/)4+ 1&*+'- (i j )&=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)- 7&/$+,&4-)+$:1& 4<=('-L)(1 2) (1 3) : : : (1 n) (2 3) (2 4) : : : (2 n) (3 4) : : : (3 n) : : : (n ; 1 n):-)+* ;)&) 0(2$ 7&4)&'@+)/@, ( )-2 ,& )+6 7&', 7&2- 1- 1+2&)&'&* K-%+ k0 1+=+,+) 4<7&$1+1& ./$&4(+ Y(Ak0 ) < " .7<) 7&2-><4-+), 3)& &=<31& 1.A1& 1+ =&$++ 5, 6 )-2(6 0(2$&4 ,$@ ,&/)(A+1(@ *-2/(*-$:1& 4&>*&A1&8 1- ,-11&8 F )&31&/)( ().+. *-K(11&8 )&31&/)().6 "& % 5%6 $ 8* "*% ;)&8 /)'-)+%(( 1+ )'+=.+)/@ ,&7&$1()+$:1<6 4<3(/$+1(8 ,$@ &7'+,+$+1(@&3+'+,1&%& &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)-.
$+,&4-)+$:1&, )'.,&+*2&/): K-%- -$%&'()*'-41- )'.,&+*2&/)( 4<3(/$+1(@ *-)'(0< Tij (')ATijt ('), ).+. )'+=.+)/@ 8n + O(1).. x5. & '1+ %92-,,()(41<6 ( 4n + O(1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8. ,1-2&, (>->- 1+1-7'-4$+11&%& 4<=&'- &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)- ;)&) -$%&'()* )'+=.+) >1-3()+$:1&%&3(/$- ()+'-0(8 ,$@ ,&/)(A+1(@ )'+=.+*&8 )&31&/)(.x 5.3.3. $ &%? &'>% 5"#* B" 2-3+/)4+ &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)- a(ijk 1) 4<=('-+* *-2/(*-$:1<8 7& *&,.$L 41+,(-%&1-$:1<8 ;$+*+1) 4 /)'&2+ *-)'(0< Ak 1 , (*+LC+8 *-2/(*-$:1.L/.**. *&,.$+8 41+,(-%&1-$:1<6 ;$+*+1)&4.
'.%(*( /$&4-*(, i &7'+,+$@+)/@(> ./$&4(@nnXX(k 1) 2ja(ijk 1)j2 = l=1maxjalj j :::n;;;;j =1j =ij =1j =l6- j | (> ./$&4(@6(k 1)ja(ijk 1)j = mmaxjaj:=1:::n im;(11);m=i6$@ .*+1:K+1(@ 4<3(/$()+$:1<6 '-/6&,&4 7&/).7-L) /$+,.LC(* &='->&*.'&*+ *-)'(0< Ak 6'-1()/@ 4+2)&' b(k) , 2&*7&1+1)< 2&)&'&%& 1- k -* K-%+'-41<nXb(l k) = ja(ljk)j2(12)j =1j =l69&/2&$:2. 7'( 7+'+6&,+ &) *-)'(0< Ak 1 2 Ak = Tij Ak 1Tijt /.**< 24-,'-)&441+,(-%&1-$:1<6 ;$+*+1)&4 /)'&2( l , l 6= i j 1+ (>*+1@L)/@ (/*. 4<3(/$+1(@7'( 7&$.3+1(( 5&'*.$< (7)), )& 7'( 7+'+6&,+ &) Ak 1 2 Ak = Tij Ak 1Tijt 1-,&>-1&4& 7+'+/3()<4-): 7& 5&'*.$+ (12) )&$:2& 3(/$- b(ik) ( b(jk) : ,$@ &/)-$:1<62&*7&1+1) 4+2)&'- b(k) /7'-4+,$(4& '-4+1/)4&;;;b(l k) = b(l k 1) l = 1 : : : n l 6= i j:;;(13) (/7&$:>&4-1(+* 4+2)&'- b(k 1) 4<=&' &3+'+,1&%& &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)&/.C+/)4$@+)/@ /$+,.LC(* &='->&*: i &7'+,+$@+)/@ (> ./$&4(@;a(ijk 1);(k 1)jb(ik 1)j = l=1maxjbj:::n l;(14);- j | (> ./$&4(@ (11).6 "& % 5%6 $ 8* "*%1) - 4<=&' &3+'+,1&%& &=1.$@+*&%& ;$+*+1)- a(ijk 1) )'+=.+)/@ n /'-41+1(84 5&'*.$+ (14) ( n ; 1 /'-41+1(+ 4 5&'*.$+ (11).2) - 4<3(/$+1(+ *-)'(0< Tij (')ATijt (') )'+=.+)/@ 8n + O(1) -,,()(41<6 (4n + O(1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8 (/*.
4<3(/$+1(@ 4<K+).;.. x6. & $933) - 4<3(/$+1(+ 4+2)&'- b(k) 7& 5&'*.$+ (12) (7'( i ( j ) ( 5&'*.$+ (13)(,$@ &/)-$:1<6 2&*7&1+1)) )'+=.+)/@ 2(n ; 1) .*1&A+1(+ ( 2(n ; 2) /$&A+1(+.-2(* &='->&*, 1- K-% -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 10n+O(1) -,,()(41<6, 6n+O(1)*.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 ( 2n+O(1) &7+'-0(8 /'-41+1(@ (2&)&'<+ 7& 7&'@,2. *&A1&/'-41(): / -,,()(41<*( &7+'-0(@*().x6. +)&, =(/+20(( 7&>4&$@+) 1-6&,(): ,$@ 7'&(>4&$:1&8 ,+8/)4()+$:1&8 /(**+)'(31&8 *-)'(0<:1) k -+ 7& 4+$(3(1+ /&=/)4+11&+ >1-3+1(+,2) 4/+ /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@ 1- >-,-11&* (1)+'4-$+,3) 4/+ /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@.+)&, &/1&4<4-+)/@ 1- /$+,.LC+8 )+&'+*+:% 1. (+> ,&2->-)+$:/)4-.) ( A 2 Mn(R) , A = A , A = (aij )| ,0BB a..11Ak = @ .ak11: : : a1k C. .
. ... CA 2 Mk: : : akk k = det Ak | A . * A S (A) | 1 1 2 : : : n .9&$&A(* n () = S (A ; I ). &%,- 7& )+&'+*+ 1 n (0) = S (A) | 3(/$&&)'(0-)+$:1<6 /&=/)4+11<6 >1-3+1(8 *-)'(0< A , n () | 3(/$& /&=/)4+11<6>1-3+1(8 *-)'(0< A , *+1:K(6 (7&/2&$:2. /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@ *-)'(0<A ; I '-41< /&=/)4+11<* >1-3+1(@ *-)'(0< A *(1./ ). $+,&4-)+$:1&,n (2 ) ; n (1 ) '-41& 3(/$. /&=/)4+11<6 >1-3+1(8 *-)'(0< A , 7'(1-,$+A-C(6(1)+'4-$. (1 2) (>,+/: 1 , 2 1+ *&%.) =<): 4<='-1< '-41<*( /&=/)4+11<*>1-3+1(@* *-)'(0< A , )-2 2-2 )&%,- *-)'(0< A ; 1I , A ; 2I 4<'&A,+1< ()+&'+*- 1 1+ 7'(*+1(*-).;;;;;.. x6.
& $94x 6.1. "*% &'"@ k -* 5 &" >&* :@$ >69./): )'+=.+)/@ 1-8)( k -+ 7& 4+$(3(1+ /&=/)4+11&+ >1-3+1(+ *-)'(0< A /)&31&/):L " > 0.1) -,-,(*/@ b0 > a0 )-2(*(, 3)& n (a0) < k , n (b0 ) k (1-7'(*+', 4&>:*+*a0 = ;kAk , b0 = kAk , )&%,- 4 /($. $+**< I.1.4 n (a0) = 0, n (b0) = n ). /($.