ku2 (1108608), страница 10
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2 A | , Ak ,k = 1 2 : : : QR - | .n 1:"#&. &%$-/1& (10) ($( (21) Q = Q T tQii+1 ($( Q = i=1 Ui (7&i=1.)4+'A,-+*&8 4 )+&'+*-6 I.12.1) ( I.13.1) +,(1/)4+11&/)( QR -'->$&A+1(@ ;)(*-)'(0< /&47-,-L)). /$( *-)'(0- A { 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1-@ ( A = QR { ++QR -'->$&A+1(+, )& *-)'(0- RQ =.,+) 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&8, )-2 2-2 .*1&A+1(+)'+.%&$:1&8 *-)'(0< R 1- *-)'(0. Tiit +1 ($( Ui /7'-4- >-*+1@+) ++ i -8 ( i + 1;..n x9. QR "4&126/)&$=0< 1- (6 $(1+81.L 2&*=(1-0(L, 3)& 4 '+>.$:)-)+ ,-+) 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1.L*-)'(0..F)- $+**- 7&>4&$@+) >1-3()+$:1& ./2&'(): '-=&). QR --$%&'()*-. 9+'+,+%& 7'(*+1+1(+* (/6&,1-@ *-)'(0- A 7'(4&,()/@ 2 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&*.
4(,.A .1()-'1<* 7&,&=(+* &,1(* (> -$%&'()*&4, &7(/-11<6 4 x I.14 ( x I.15. -)+*2 *-)'(0+ A 7'(*+1@+)/@ QR --$%&'()*.006 "& % 5%6 $ 8*QR -"*% $"@ 5 %!*"# %6' $"@ $ &%?1) 9&/)'&+1(+ QR -'->$&A+1(@ *-)'(0< Ak = Qk RK )'+=.+) 2n2 +O(n) (n !1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, n2 + O(n) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 (O(n) (n ! 1) &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)( 7& 7&'@,2.*&A1& /'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).2) 9&,/3()-+* >-)'-)< 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ (10). -2 2-2 .*1&A+1(+ )'+.%&$:1&8 *-)'(0< R 1- *-)'(0. Tiit +1 /7'-4- (>*+1@+) ++ i -8 ( i + 1/)&$=0<, (*+LC(+ 1+ =&$++ i + 1 1+1.$+4&8 ;$+*+1), )& /&%$-/1& $+**+ I.12.5 1;)& )'+=.+)/@ 4(i + 1) .*1&A+1(8 ( 2(Pi + 1) /$&A+1(8. $+,&4-)+$:1&, 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ (10) )'+=.+)/@ ni=11 4(i + 1) = 4n(n + 1)=2 = 2n2 + O(n)(n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( n2 + O(n) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8.$+,&4-)+$:1&, &,(1 K-% -$%&'()*- ,$@ 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&8 *-)'(0< )'+=.+)24n + O(n) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 ( 2n2 + O(n) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6&7+'-0(8.;6 "& % 5%6 $ 8*QR -"*% $"@ 5 %!*"# %6' $"@ $ %F1) 9&/)'&+1(+ QR -'->$&A+1(@ *-)'(0< Ak = Qk RK )'+=.+) (5=2)n2 +O(n) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, (3=2)n2 + O(n) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( O(n) (n ! 1) &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7&)'.,&+*2&/)( 7& 7&'@,2.
*&A1& /'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).2) 9&,/3()-+* >-)'-)< 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ (21). -2 2-2 .*1&A+1(+)'+.%&$:1&8 *-)'(0< R 1- *-)'(0. Ui /7'-4- (>*+1@+) ++ i -8 ( i + 1 /)&$=0<,(*+LC(+ 1+ =&$++ i + 1 1+1.$+4&8 ;$+*+1), )& &%$-/1& $+**+ I.13.11 1- ;)&)'+=.+)/@ 5(i +1) .*1&A+1(8 (P3(i +1) /$&A+1(8. $+,&4-)+$:1&, 1- 4<3(/$+1(+7'&(>4+,+1(@ (21) )'+=.+)/@ ni=1 5(i + 1) = 5(n + 1)(n + 2)=2 = (5=2)n2 + O(n)(n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( (3=2)n2 + O(n) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8.$+,&4-)+$:1&, &,(1 K-% -$%&'()*- ,$@ 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&8 *-)'(0< )'+=.+)5n2 + O(n) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 ( 3n2 + O(n) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6&7+'-0(8.x 9.2.2...QR "*% F$@ >&' : $"@5%@F %$*"# %6' x9.
QR "4&127 3. 2 A | , Ak , k =1 2 : : : QR - | .:"#&. +8/)4()+$:1&, 7./): Ak = Qk Rk { /-*&/&7'@A+11-@, ).+.Ak = Rk Qk = Ak . &%,- Ak+1 = Rk Qk ( 4 /($. .1()-'1&/)( Qk (*++* Ak+1 =Qk Rk = Qk 1 Rk = Qk 1Rk (Qk 1 Qk ) = Qk 1(Rk Qk )Qk = Qk 1 Ak Qk = Qk 1Ak Qk , ).+.*-)'(0- Ak+1 .1()-'1& 7&,&=1- /-*&/&7'@A+11&8 *-)'(0+ Ak ( 7&)&*. /-*&/&7'@A+1-.;;;;;; 4.
2 A | , Ak , k = 1 2 : : : QR - | .:"#&. /($. $+**< 3 4/+ *-)'(0< Ak , k = 1 2 : : : | /-*&/&7'@-A+11<+. 9&/2&$:2. )'+6,(-%&1-$:1-@ *-)'(0- A @4$@+)/@ 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&8,)& 4 /($. $+**< 2 4/+ *-)'(0< Ak , k = 1 2 : : : | 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1<+. )-2,,$@ 4/@2&%& k = 1 2 : : : *-)'(0- Ak @4$@+)/@ /-*&/&7'@A+11&8 ( 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&8, (, /$+,&4-)+$:1&, )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8.F)( $+**< 7&>4&$@L) >1-3()+$:1& ./2&'(): '-=&).
QR --$%&'()*- ,$@ /-*&/&7'@A+11&8 *-)'(0<. 9+'+, +%& 7'(*+1+1(+* (/6&,1-@ *-)'(0- A 7'(4&,()/@ 2 )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&*. 4(,. A .1()-'1<* 7&,&=(+* &,1(* (> -$%&'()*&4,&7(/-11<6 4 x I.14 ( x I.15. -)+* 2 *-)'(0+ A 7'(*+1@+)/@ QR --$%&'()*.000* QR -"*% $"@ 5%@F %$*"# %6'$@ 0+$+8 QR --$%&'()*- &7(/-11&+ 4<K+ 7&/)'&+1(+ QR -'->$&A+1(@ ,$@)'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8 *-)'(0< (/*. /)'. 120) *&A+) =<): >1-3()+$:1& ./2&'+1&.1) *-)'(0+ R (25) ;$+*+1)< r13 r24 : : : rn 2n 1+ 4<3(/$@L)/@ ( 1+ 6'-1@)/@, 7&/2&$:2., +/$( A = QR | /-*&/&7'@A+11-@ )'+6,(-%&1-$:1-@, )& *-)'(0.RQ *&A1& 4<3(/$():, 1+ (/7&$:>.@ ;)( ;$+*+1)<.+8/)4()+$:1&, 7&/2&$:2. 7'( 7+'+6&,+ &) *-)'(0< A(k 1) (23) 2 *-)'(0+A(k) (24) (>*+1@L)/@ )&$:2& k -@ ( (k + 1)-@ /)'&2( *-)'(0< A(k 1) , )& 1+4<3(/$+1(+ ;$+*+1)- rkk+2 1+ &2-A+) 4$(@1(@ 1- &/)-$:1<+ ;$+*+1)< *-)'(0<n 1 tQn U , - .*1&A(k) .
-$++, /&%$-/1& (10) ($( (21) Q = Q Tkk($(Q=k+1k=1k=1tA+1(+ R 1- Tkk+1 ($( Uk /7'-4- (>*+1@+) )&$:2& k -8 ( (k + 1)-8 /)&$=0<*-)'(0< R 4(,- (25). 9&;)&*. 1(A1(8 )'+.%&$:1(2 7'&(>4+,+1(@ RQ *&A1&4<3(/$():, 1+ (/7&$:>.@ ;$+*+1)< rii+2 , i = 1 2 : : : n ; 2. 9& $+**+ 4 *-)'(0- RQ | /-*&/&7'@A+11-@, 7&;)&*. ++ 4+'61(8 )'+.%&$:1(2 7&$.3-+)/@ (>1(A1+%& )'-1/7&1('&4-1(+* ( 2&*7$+2/1<* /&7'@A+1(+*.F)& 1-=$L,+1(+ &*$ (/7&$:>.L) 7'( '+-$(>-0(( QR --$%&'()*- ,$@ /-*&/&7'@A+11&8 )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8 *-)'(0<, 7&/2&$:2.
&1& 1+ )&$:2& ./2&'@+)4<3(/$+1(@ ( ;2&1&*() 7-*@): F, 1& &=+/7+3(4-+) /&6'-1+1(+ /-*&/&7'@A+11&/)( *-)'(0< 41+ >-4(/(*&/)( &) 41&/(*&8 4<3(/$()+$:1&8 7&%'+K1&/)(.;;;;.. x9. QR "4&1282) 9'( 7'&4+,+1(( QR --$%&'()*- ,$@ /-*&/&7'@A+11&8 )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8*-)'(0< 1+) 1+&=6&,(*&/)( 6'-1(): 4/+ *-)'(0<, /&/)-4$@LC(+ *-)'(0. Q ,,&/)-)&31& 6'-1(): )&$:2& 7&/$+,1LL ().+. 7&/$+ k -%& K-%- 7&/)'&+1(@ QR t'->$&A+1(@ ,&/)-)&31& 7&*1(): )&$:2& *-)'(0.
Tkk+1 ($( Uk .(k1)+8/)4()+$:1&, 7&/$+ 7+'+6&,- &) *-)'(0< A(23) 2 *-)'(0+ A(k) (24) 4-$%&'()*+ .3-/)4.+) )&$:2& 7&,*-)'(0- (a(ijk 1) )ij=k+1:::n ( /)&$=0< 1 2 : : : k 4,-$:1+8K(6 4<3(/$+1(@6 1+ (>*+1@L)/@. 9&;)&*. *&A1& /'->. .*1&A(): A(k)1- *-)'(0. Tkt 1k ($( Uk 1 /7'-4- (;)& (>*+1@+) )&$:2& (k ; 1)-8 ( k -8 /)&$=0<*-)'(0< A(k) ). - 7&/$+,1+* K-%+ ( k = n ; 1) 1-,& .*1&A(): +C+ ( 1- *-)'(0.Tnt 1n ($( Un 1 /7'-4-.
'+>.$:)-)+ )-2&%& 7'&0+//- *-)'(0- Ak 4 QR --$%&'()*+ 1-6&A,+1(@/&=/)4+11<6 >1-3+1(8 /'->. 7+'+8,+) 4 *-)'(0. Ak+1 (=+> 7&/)'&+1(@ QR '->$&A+1(@ *-)'(0< Ak 4 @41&* 4(,+).;;;;;;6 "& % 5%6 $ 8*$ &%?QR -"*% $"@ 5%@F %$*"# %6' $"@1) 9&/)'&+1(+ QR -'->$&A+1(@ *-)'(0< Ak = Qk RK )'+=.+) 14n+O(1) (n !1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, 6n + O(1) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 (2n + O(1) (n ! 1) &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)( 7&7&'@,2.
*&A1& /'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).2) 9&,/3()-+* >-)'-)< 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ (10). -2 2-2 .*1&A+1(+ )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8 *-)'(0< R 1- *-)'(0. Tiit +1 /7'-4- (>*+1@+) ++ i -8( i + 1 /)&$=0<, (*+LC(+ 1+ =&$++ )'+6 1+1.$+4<6 ;$+*+1)&4, (> 2&)&'<6&,(1 *< 1+ 4<3(/$@+*, )& /&%$-/1& $+**+ I.12.5 1- ;)& )'+=.+)/@ 8 .*1&A+1(8$+,&4-)+$:1&, 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ (10) )'+=.+)/@Pn 1(8 4=/$&A+1(@.8(n ; 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( 4(n ; 1) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8.i=1$+,&4-)+$:1&, &,(1 K-% -$%&'()*- ,$@ )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8 *-)'(0< )'+=.+)22n+O(1) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6, 10n+O(1) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( 2n + O(1) (n ! 1) &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)(7& 7&'@,2.
*&A1& /'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).;6 "& % 5%6 $ 8*QR -"*% $"@ 5%@F %$*"# %6' $"@$ %F1) $+,&4-)+$:1&, 4/+%& ,$@ 7'&4+,+1(@ -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 4<7&$1(): 1+=&$++ 15n *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, 9n -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( 2n &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)( 7& 7&'@,2. *&A1& /'-41(): /&7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).2) 9&,/3()-+* >-)'-)< 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ (21). -2 2-2 .*1&A+1(+)'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8 *-)'(0< R 1- *-)'(0.
Ui /7'-4- (>*+1@+) ++ i -8 ( i + 1/)&$=0<, (*+LC(+ 1+ =&$++ )'+6 1+1.$+4<6 ;$+*+1)&4, (> 2&)&'<6 &,(1 *<1+ 4<3(/$@+*, )& /&%$-/1& $+**+ I.13.11 1- ;)& )'+=.+)/@ 10 .*1&A+1(8 ( 6.. x9. QR "4&129/$&A+1(8. $+,&4-)+$:1&, 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ (21) )'+=.+)/@ Pni=1 10 =10n *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( 6n -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8.$+,&4-)+$:1&, &,(1 K-% -$%&'()*- ,$@ )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&8 *-)'(0< )'+=.+)25n+O(1) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6, 15n+O(1) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( 2n + O(1) (n ! 1) &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)(7& 7&'@,2. *&A1& /'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).x 9.3. % $ "*%-//*&)'(* /7&/&=<, 7'(*+1@+*<+ ,$@ ./2&'+1(@ /6&,(*&/)( 7&/$+,&4-)+$:1&/)( *-)'(0 fAk g 2 ,(-%&1-$:1&8 *-)'(0+. -2 &)*+3-$&/: 4<K+ (/*.
/)'. 104),;)( /7&/&=< 4& *1&%&* /6&A( /& /7&/&=-*( ./2&'+1(@ /6&,(*&/)( LR --$%&'()*( -$%&'()*- &$+02&%&. -2A+ /7'-4+,$(4< >-*+3-1(@ 7.3 ( 7.4.9&/2&$:2. QR --$%&'()* *$ 1+ 7'(*+1@+)/@ ,$@ *-)'(0 7'&(>4&$:1&%& 4(,-, 4/L,. 1(A+ *< =.,+* /3()-):, 3)& (/6&,1-@ *-)'(0- .A+ 7'(4+,+1.1()-'1<* 7&,&=(+* 2 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&*. ($( )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&*. 4(,.. -2(*&='->&*, 1-3-$:1-@ *-)'(0- A1 | 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1-@ (($( )'+6,(-%&1-$:1-@).9& ,&2->-11&*. 4<K+ ;)& &>1-3-+), 3)& 4/+ *-)'(0< Ak | 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1<+()'+6,(-%&1-$:1<+).x 9.3.1.
%5'& %6',+@ (/3+'7<4-1(@ *-)'(0< ,$@ QR --$%&'()*- )- A+, 3)& ( ,$@ LR -$%&'()*- (/*. /)'. 105).x 9.3.2. $&*,+@ (/7&$:>&4-1(@ /,4(%&4 ,$@ QR --$%&'()*- )- A+, 3)& ( ,$@ LR -$%&'()*- (/*. /)'. 106). &,(5(0('&4-11<8 QR --$%&'()*, &/1&4-11<8 1- ;)&8(,++, 4<%$@,() /$+,.LC(* &='->&*..,+* /)'&(): ,$@ *-)'(0< A 2 Mn 7&/$+,&4-)+$:1&/): fAk g *-)'(0 Ak 2Mn 7& /$+,.LC(* 7'-4($-*:1) A1 = A T2) ,$@ 4/+6 k = 1 2 : : : *-)'(0- Ak+1 7&$.3-+)/@ (> *-)'(0< Ak /$+,.LC(*&='->&*:-) &7'+,+$@+* )'+=.+*<8 /,4(% sk (+%& &7)(*-$:1<8 4<=&' { &),+$:1-@>-,-3-),=) /)'&(* QR -'->$&A+1(+ *-)'(0< Ak ; sk I : Ak ; sk I = Qk Rk ,4) 4<3(/$@+* *-)'(0. Ak+1 2-2 7'&(>4+,+1(+ *-)'(0 Rk ( Qk 7$L/sk I : Ak+1 = Rk Lk + sk I ... x10. & &+ &$130+)'.,1& 7'&4+'():, 3)& *-)'(0- Ak+1 (.1()-'1&) 7&,&=1- Ak : Ak+1 =Rk Qk + sk I = (Qk 1Qk )(Rk Qk + sk I ) = Qk 1(Qk Rk )Qk + sk Qk I = Qk 1(Qk Rk +sk I )Qk = Qk 1 Ak Qk (, /$+,&4-)+$:1&, 4/+ *-)'(0< Ak , k = 1 2 : : : (*+L) )+ A+/&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@, 3)& ( *-)'(0- A .;;;;x 9.3.3.
.%@ %*:6@ &'" & QR "*%9./): )'+=.+)/@ &7'+,+$(): 4/+ /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@ *-)'(0< A 2 Mn /)&31&/):L " .1-3-$+ 7'(4&,(* *-)'(0. 2 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&*. 4(,. A1 .1()-'1<* 7&,&=(+* &,1(* (> -$%&'()*&4, &7(/-11<6 4 x I.14 ( x I.15.-)+* 2 *-)'(0+ A1 7'(*+1@+* QR --$%&'()* /& /,4(%-*(. - K-%+ k 42-3+/)4+ /,4(%- sk 4&>:*+* a(nnk) , ).+. sk = a(nnk) . 9&/2&$:2. a(nnk) ! n , )& skk) =.@4$@+)/@ 7'(=$(A+1(+* 2 n ( /2&'&/): /6&,(*&/)( 2 1.$L ;$+*+1)- a(nn1,+) &3+1: 4</&2&8. -2 )&$:2& 1- 1+2&)&'&* K-%+ k =.,+) 4<7&$1+1& ./$&4(+ja(nnk) 1j < "kAk , 4 2-3+/)4+ n =+'+* a(nnk) ( 7'(*+1@+* -$%&'()* 2 7&,*-)'(0+(aij )ij=12:::n 1 2 Mn 1 1- 1 *+1:K+8 '->*+'1&/)(. -2 7&/).7-+* ,& )+6 7&',7&2- '->*+'1&/): *-)'(0< 1+ /)-1+) '-41&8 2.