ku2 (1108608), страница 9
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. .BkakBCC1B.BCC. . rk 2k 1 rk 2kBBCC(k 2)BkakrrBk1kk1k+1CC1B(k 1)BCC :ka1 k r(kkk) +1 r(kkk) +2BBCCBak+1k+1 ak+1k+2BCCB..(k )..BCC..ak+2k+1BB. . . a(k)(k) CBC@n 1n 1 an 1n Ak)a(nna(nnk)1(24))*+)(*, 3)& 4 (6) *-)'(0- ;$+*+1)-'1&%& 4'-C+1(@ Tkk+1 .*1&A-+)/@ )&$:2&1- 7&,*-)'(0. (a(ijk 1) )ij=k:::n *-)'(0< A(k 1) '->*+'- n ; k + 1 (&/)-$:1-@3-/): A(k 1) 4 7'+&='->&4-1(( (6) 1+ .3-/)4.+)). $+,&4-)+$:1&, *-)'(0- A(k)7&$.3-+)/@ (> A(k 1) (>*+1+1(+* ,4.6 /)'&2 ( k -&8 ( (k +1)-&8) ,$(1< n ; k +1,(*+LC(*( 1+ =&$++ )'+6 1+1.$+4<6 ;$+*+1)&4.9&/$+ n;1 K-%&4 ;)&%& 7'&0+//- ().+.
7+'+6&,- &) *-)'(0 (23) 2 (24)), *-)'(07'(*+) 4(, (8), %,+01kar1 k r1213BBCCka(1)1k . . . . . .BBCC.B. . rn 2n 1 rn 2n CR=B(25)CCBBka(1n 2)k rn(n 11)n CA@ann;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.. x9. QR "4&122(1-7&*1(*, &7'+,+$+1(@ 4+2)&'&4 a(1k 1) k = 1 : : : n ; 1 ,-L)/@ 4 (4), %,+ /3()-+*, 3)& a(0)1 = a1 ).1 = Tt-2 2-2 *-)'(0< 4'-C+1(@ &')&%&1-$:1<+, )& Tii+1ii+1 ( (> (8) 7&$.3-+* (/2&*&+ QR -'->$&A+1(+ (10).2% %6 Q R & 5@. -)'(0- A 6'-1()/@ 4 4(,+ )'+6 4+2)&'&4, >-,-LC(6 1+1.$+4<+ ,(-%&1-$( *-)'(0<. -)'(0- R 6'-1()/@ 1- *+/)+*-)'(0< A ( 7&$.3-+)/@ (> 1++ 7&/$+,&4-)+$:1<* 7'(*+1+1(+* ;$+*+1)-'1<64'-C+1(8 (2-2 &7(/-1& 4<K+). $@ 6'-1+1(@ *-)'(0< Q 4<,+$@L)/@ ,4- 4+2)&'- ,$(1< n ; 1.
7+'4&* 4+2)&'+ 6'-1@)/@ >1-3+1(@ cos 'ii+1 , i = 1 2 : : : n ; 1,4& 4)&'&* 4+2)&'+ | >1-3+1(@ sin 'ii+1 , i = 1 2 : : : n ; 1.;;6 "& % 5%60+1(* )'.,&+*2&/): k -%& K-%- -$%&'()*-, - >-)+* 7'&/.**('.+* 7&$.3+11<+ &0+12( 7& 4/+* k = 1 : : : n ; 1.1. - 4<3(/$+1(+ *-)'(0< Tkk+1 , .3-/)4.LC+8 4 (6), /&%$-/1& $+**+ I.12.2)'+=.+)/@ 4 *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<+, &,1- -,,()(41-@ ( &,1- &7+'-0(@ (>4$+3+1(@2&'1@.2. - 4<3(/$+1(+ 2&*7&1+1) k : : : n k -%& /)&$=0- *-)'(0< A(k) , '-41<62&*7&1+1)-* 4+2)&'- ka(1k 1) k e(1n k+1) )'+=.+)/@ (,$@ 4<3(/$+1(@ ,$(1< 4+2)&'- (4)) ,4+ &7+'-0(( .*1&A+1(@, &,1- &7+'-0(@ /$&A+1(@ ( &,1- &7+'-0(@(>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@.
)&$=+0 k 4<3(/$@+)/@ (*+11& ;)(* /7&/&=&* (- 1+ 7& &=C(* 5&'*.$-* (6)) ,$@ /&2'-C+1(@ 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8 (.*+1:K+1(@ 4<3(/$()+$:1&8 7&%'+K1&/)(.3. 9&/2&$:2. 4 5&'*.$+ (6) *-)'(0- ;$+*+1)-'1&%& 4'-C+1(@ .*1&A-+)/@ 17&,*-)'(0. (a(ijk 1) )i=k:::n j=k+1:::n *-)'(0< A(k 1) '->*+'- (n ; k + 1) (n ; k)( k -8 /)&$=+0 *-)'(0< A(k) .A+ 4<3(/$+1 4 7.12)+ 2), (*+LC(*( 1+ =&$++ ,4.61+1.$+4<6 ;$+*+1)&4, )& /&%$-/1& $+**+ I.12.5 1- ;)& )'+=.+)/@ 1+ =&$++ 4 2 = 8.*1&A+1(8 ( 2 2 = 4 /$&A+1(8.)-2, 1- k -&* K-%+ -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 4<7&$1(): 1+ =&$++ 4 + 2 + 8 = 14*.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, 1+1+4 = 6 -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( ,4+ &7+'-0(((>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@.$+,&4-)+$:1&,4/+%& ,$@ 7'&4+,+1(@ -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 4<7&$1(): 1+ =&Pn1$++ k=1 14 = 14(n ; 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, 6(n ; 1) -,,()(41<6&7+'-0(8 ( 2(n ; 1) &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)( 7&7&'@,2.
*&A1& /'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).;;;;;"*% 5%@ QR -%:"F@ $"@ %$*"#%6' $ %F=&>1-3(* a1 = (a11 a21 0 : : : 0)t 2 Rn { 7+'4<8 /)&$=+0 *-)'(0< A .&%$-/1& $+**+ I.13.9 /.C+/)4.+) 4+2)&' x(1) 2 Cn , 4(,- (11), )-2&8, 3)&U (x(1) )a1 = ka1ke1 , %,+ e1 = (1 0 : : : 0) 2 Cn , U1 = U (x(1) ) { *-)'(0- &)'--A+1(@. )*+)(*, 3)& . 4+2)&'- x(1) )&$:2& 7+'4<+ ,4+ 2&*7&1+1)< &)$(31< &)1.$@. $+,&4-)+$:1&, *-)'(0- U (x(1) ) &)$(3-+)/@ &) +,(1(31&8 *-)'(0< )&$:2&..
x9. QR "4&123=$&2&* 2 2, /)&@C(* 1- %$-41&8 ,(-%&1-$(. "*1&A(* *-)'(0. A 1- U (x(1) )/$+4-, 7&$.3(* *-)'(0. A(1) = U (x(1) )A 4(,- (22). -$++ 7'&0+// 7'(*+1@+)/@2 7&,*-)'(0+ (a(1)ij )ij =2:::n .9./): /,+$-1< k ; 1 k = 1 : : : n K-%&4 ;)&%& 7'&0+//-, ).+. *-)'(0- 7'+&='->&4-1- 2 4(,. (12) %,+ *-)'(0- A(k 1) (*++) 4(, (23), *-)'(0- Ui 7&/)'&+14 (13).4+,+* &=&>1-3+1(+ (4) ,$@ 7+'4&%& /)&$=0- 7&,*-)'(0< (a(ijk 1) )ij=k:::n .
&%$-/1& $+**+ I.13.9 /.C+/)4.+) *-)'(0- &)'-A+1(@ (I.13.5) )-2-@, 3)& 4<7&$1+1& /&&)1&K+1(+ (I.13.6). 4+,+* *-)'(0. Uk 4(,- (I.13.7). &&)1&K+1(@ (I.13.8)( (I.13.9) 7&2-><4-L), 3)& *-)'(0- Uk .1()-'1- ( /-*&/&7'@A+1-. )*+)(*, 3)&. 4+2)&'- x(k) 4 (I.13.5) )&$:2& 7+'4<+ ,4+ 2&*7&1+1)< &)$(31< &) 1.$@. $+,&4-)+$:1&, *-)'(0- Uk &)$(3-+)/@ &) +,(1(31&8 *-)'(0< )&$:2& =$&2&* 2 2,/)&@C(* 1- %$-41&8 ,(-%&1-$(."*1&A(* *-)'(0. (3) 1- Uk /$+4-, 7&$.3(* (14), %,+ A(k) (*++) 4(, (24). )*+)(*, 3)& 4 (14) *-)'(0- Uk .*1&A-+)/@ )&$:2& 1- 7&,*-)'(0. (a(ijk 1) )ij=k:::n*-)'(0< A(k 1) '->*+'- n ; k +1 (&/)-$:1-@ 3-/): A(k 1) 4 7'+&='->&4-1(( (14)1+ .3-/)4.+)).
9&/2&$:2. *-)'(0- Uk &)$(3-+)/@ &) +,(1(31&8 *-)'(0< )&$:2&=$&2&* 2 2, /)&@C(* 1- %$-41&8 ,(-%&1-$( 4 /)'&2-6 k ( k +1, )& *-)'(0- A(k)7&$.3-+)/@ (> A(k 1) (>*+1+1(+* ,4.6 /)'&2 ( k -&8 ( (k +1)-&8) ,$(1< n ; k +1,(*+LC(*( 1+ =&$++ )'+6 1+1.$+4<6 ;$+*+1)&4.9&/$+ n K-%&4 ;)&%& 7'&0+//- ().+. 7+'+6&,- &) *-)'(0 (23) 2 (24)), *-)'(07'(*+) 4(, (20), %,+ *-)'(0- R (*++) 4(, (25).-2 2-2 *-)'(0< Uk .1()-'1<+ ( /-*&/&7'@A+11<+, )& Ui 1 = Ui = Ui ((> (20) 7&$.3-+* (/2&*&+ QR -'->$&A+1(+ (21).2% %6 Q R & 5@. -)'(0- A 6'-1()/@ 4 4(,+ )'+6 4+2)&'&4, >-,-LC(6 1+1.$+4<+ ,(-%&1-$( *-)'(0<.
-)'(0- R 6'-1()/@ 1- *+/)+*-)'(0< A ( 7&$.3-+)/@ (> 1++ 7&/$+,&4-)+$:1<* 7'(*+1+1(+* *-)'(0 &)'-A+1(@ (2-2 &7(/-1& 4<K+). $@ 6'-1+1(@ *-)'(0< Q 4<,+$@L)/@ ,4- 4+2)&',$(1< n . 7+'4&* 4+2)&'+ 6'-1@)/@ 7+'4<+ 1+1.$+4<+ 2&*7&1+1)< 4+2)&'&4x(i) , i = 1 2 : : : n , 4& 4)&'&* 4+2)&'+ | 4)&'<+ 1+1.$+4<+ 2&*7&1+1)< 4+2)&'&4x(i) , i = 1 2 : : : n .;;;;;;;6 "& % 5%60+1(* )'.,&+*2&/): k -%& K-%- -$%&'()*-, - >-)+* 7'&/.**('.+* 7&$.3+11<+ &0+12( 7& 4/+* k = 1 : : : n .1. - 4<3(/$+1(+ *-)'(0< U (xk ) 7& 5&'*.$-* (I.13.5) )'+=.+)/@ 1+1+1+2 =5 *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6, 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 -,,()(41<+ &7+'-0(( ( 1 + 1 = 2 &7+'-0(((>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@.2.
&*7&1+1)< k : : : n k -%& /)&$=0- *-)'(0< A(k) , '-41<+ 2&*7&1+1)-*4+2)&'- ka(1k 1) k e(1n k+1) , .A+ 4<3(/$+1< 4 (16). )&$=+0 k 4<3(/$@+)/@ 1+ 7&&=C(* 5&'*.$-* (20) ,$@ /&2'-C+1(@ 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8 (.*+1:K+1(@ 4<3(/$()+$:1&8 7&%'+K1&/)(.;..; x9. QR "4&1243. 9&/2&$:2. 4 5&'*.$+ (20) *-)'(0- Uk 4(,- (I.13.5) .*1&A-+)/@ 1- *-)'(0.A(k 1) 4(,- (23), )& 7'( 4<3(/$+1(@6 7& (20) 1-,& .*1&A(): *-)'(0. &)'-A+1(@U (x(k) ) 2 Mn k+1 1- 7&,*-)'(0.
(a(ijk 1) )i=k:::nj=k+1:::n *-)'(0< A(k 1) '->*+'(n ; k + 1) (n ; k) ( k -8 /)&$=+0 *-)'(0< A(k) .A+ 4<3(/$+1 4 7.12)+ 2).9&/2&$:2. *-)'(0- U (x(k) ) &)$(3-+)/@ &) +,(1(31&8 *-)'(0< )&$:2& =$&2&*2 2, /)&@C(* 1- %$-41&8 ,(-%&1-$( 4 /)'&2-6 1 ( 2, )& )& 7'( 4<3(/$+1(@67& (20) 1-,& .*1&A(): *-)'(0.
&)'-A+1(@ U (x(k) ) 2 Mn k+1 1- 7&,*-)'(0.(a(ijk 1) )i=kk+1j=k+1:::n *-)'(0< A(k 1) '->*+'- 2 (n ; k), %,+ 4 2-A,&8 /)'&2+1+ =&$++ ,4.6 1+1.$+4<6 ;$+*+1)&4, &%$-/1& $+**+ I.13.11 1- ;)& )'+=.+)/@2(2 2 + 1) = 10 .*1&A+1(8 ( 2(2 2 ; 1) = 6 /$&A+1(8.)-2, 1- k -&* K-%+ -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 4<7&$1(): 5 + 10 = 15 *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, 3 + 6 = 9 -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( 2 &7+'-0(( (>4$+3+1(@2&'1@.$+,&4-)+$:1&, 4/+%& ,$@ 7'&4+,+1(@ -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 4<7&$1(): 1+ =&$++ Pnk=1 15 = 15n *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, 9n -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 (2n &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)( 7& 7&'@,2. *&A1&/'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*( ,+$+1(@).;;;;;;;x 9.2.QR "*% F$@ >&' :.,+* /)'&(): ,$@ *-)'(0< A 2 Mn 7&/$+,&4-)+$:1&/): fAk g *-)'(0 Ak 2Mn 7& /$+,.LC(* 7'-4($-*:1) A1 = A T2) ,$@ 4/+6 k = 1 2 : : : *-)'(0- Ak+1 7&$.3-+)/@ (> *-)'(0< Ak /$+,.LC(*&='->&*:-) /)'&(* QR -'->$&A+1(+ *-)'(0< Ak : Ak = Qk Rk ,=) 4<3(/$@+* *-)'(0.
Ak+1 2-2 7'&(>4+,+1(+ *-)'(0 Rk ( Qk : Ak+1 =Rk Qk . 1. k = 1 2 : : : Ak A .:"#&. *++*: Ak+1 = Rk Qk = (Qk Qk )Rk Qk = Qk (Qk Rk )Qk =Qk Ak Qk . $+,&4-)+$:1&, *-)'(0- Ak+1 .1()-'1& 7&,&=1- Ak . 9&/2&$:2. A1 =A , )& 7& (1,.20(( 7&$.3-+*, 3)& Ak .1()-'1& 7&,&=1- A ,$@ 4/+6 k = 1 2 : : : ,7'(3+* Ak+1 = Q1 : : : Qk A1 Qk : : : Q1 = (Qk : : : Q1 ) A(Qk : : : Q1 )."$& 1. 3 Ak , k = 1 2 : : : ' , A .% 1. (+> ,&2->-)+$:/)4-.) ( fig A 2 Mn , j1j > j2j > : : : > jnj:..
x9. QR "4&125* ( ) Qk !I k ! 1 , R(kk) ! Ak k ! 1 . * & Ak = (aij ) A :a(iik) ! i0 k ! 1 i = 1 2 : : : n i0 (.. ").0 k 14 Ak O @ i A ,j , 0 k 1a(ijk) = O @ i A k ! 1 i > j:j4 1. (+> ,&2->-)+$:/)4-). /$( ,$@ *-)'(0< A &/.C+/)4(* LR --$%&'()*, )& 7'( 7'(*+1+1(( QR --$%&'()*- /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@ A 7&$.3-L)/@ 4 7'-4($:1&* 7&'@,2+a(iik) ! i 7'( k ! 1 i = 1 2 : : : n( /2&'&/): /6&,(*&/)( *-)'(0< Ak 2 )'+.%&$:1&8 ,-+)/@ /&&)1&K+1(+*a(ijk)0 k 1= O @ i A 7'( k ! 1 i > j:j4 2. QR --$%&'()* /6&,()/@ 7'( /.C+/)4+11& *+1++ &%'-1(3()+$:-1<6 ./$&4(@, 3+* ;)& .2->-1& 4 )+&'+*+ 1.9'(*+1+1(+ -$%&'()*- 2 *-)'(0+ A 2 Mn 7'&(>4&$:1&%& 4(,- )'+=.+) /$(K2&* =&$:K&%& 3(/$- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8 ( Cn3 + O(n2), 2&1/)-1)- C >-4(/() &) *+)&,- 7&/)'&+1(@ QR -'->$&A+1(@).x 9.2.1.QR "*% F$@ >&' : $"@ 5%!*"# %6' 2.