ku1 (1108607), страница 15
Текст из файла (страница 15)
7+'+6&,- &) *-)'(0 (3), (14) 2 (15), (16))*-)'(0- 7'(*+) )'+=.+*<8 )'+6,(-%&1-$:1<8 4(, (11), %,+0 a ka k1111BBCC(1)(1)BB ka1k a22 ka1 kCC(1)(2) . . .BBCCka1 k a33BBCC(2) . . .(n;4)R=BCC(17)kakkak11BBC. . . a(n;3) ka(n;3) kBBCCn;2n;21BB(n;3)(n;2)(n;2) Cka1 k an;1n;1 ann;1 CA@n;2) a(n;2)a(nn;1nn(1-7&*1(*, &7'+,+$+1(@ 4+2)&'&4 a(1k;1) k = 1 : : : n ; 2 ,-L)/@ 4 (5), %,+ /3()-+*, 3)& a(0)1 = a1 ).? "& % 5%? & "*%5%&$A % %?' %$*"#! &$!!%' 5$< $ &%B0+1(* )'.,&+*2&/): k -%& K-%- -$%&'()*-, - >-)+* 7'&/.**('.+* 7&$.3+11<+ &0+12( 7& 4/+* k = 1 : : : n ; 2.1. - 4<3(/$+1(+ n;k ;1 *-)'(0 Tkk+1 : : : Tkn , .3-/)4.LC(6 4 (6), /&%$-/1&$+**+ 12.2 )'+=.+)/@ 4(n ; k ; 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6, 2(n ; k ; 1) -,,()(41<6( n ; k &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@.2.
- 4<3(/$+1(+ 2&*7&1+1) k + 1 : : : n k -%& /)&$=0- ( k -&8 /)'&2( *-)'(0< A(k) , '-41<6 2&*7&1+1)-* 4+2)&'- ka(1k;1) k e(1n;k) )'+=.+)/@ (,$@ 4<3(/$+1(@.. !!x14. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /470,$(1< 4+2)&'- (5)) n ; k &7+'-0(8 .*1&A+1(@, n ; k ; 1 &7+'-0(8 /$&A+1(@( &,1- &7+'-0(@ (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@. k -8 /)&$=+0 ( k --@ /)'&2- 4<3(/$@L)/@(*+11& ;)(* /7&/&=&* ,$@ /&2'-C+1(@ 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8 (.*+1:K+1(@ 4<3(/$()+$:1&8 7&%'+K1&/)(.3. <3(/$+1(@ 7& 5&'*.$+ (15) *&A1& 7'+,/)-4(): 2-2 7&/$+,&4-)+$:1&+4<3(/$+1(+ *-)'(0 A(l k) , l = k + 1 k + 2 : : : n , . 2&)&'<6 1.A1& 4<3(/$():)&$:2& 7&,*-)'(0.
((a(l k))ij )ij=k+1:::n 2 Mn;k;1 . &%$-/1& $+**+ 1 1- 4<3(/$+1(+ 2-A,&8 7&,*-)'(0< )'+=.+)/@ 4(n ; k ; 1) + 8 = 4(n ; k) + 4 .*1&A+1(8 (2(n ; k ; 1)+4 = 2(n ; k)+2 /$&A+1(8. - 4<3(/$+1(+ 4/+6 n ; k ; 1 7&,*-)'(0)'+=.+)/@, )-2(* &='->&*, (n ; k ; 1)(4(n ; k) + 4) = 4(n ; k)2 ; 4 .*1&A+1(8 ((n ; k ; 1)(2(n ; k) + 2) = 2(n ; k)2 ; 2 /$&A+1(8.)-2, 1- k -&* K-%+ -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 4<7&$1(): 4(n ; k ; 1) + (n ; k) +4(n ; k)2 ; 4 = 4(n ; k)2 + 5(n ; k) ; 8 *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8, 2(n ; k ;1) + (n ; k ; 1) + 2(n ; k)2 ; 2 = 2(n ; k)2 ; 3(n ; k) ; 5 -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 (n ; k &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@.$+,&4-)+$:1&, 4/+%& ,$@ 7'&4+,+1(@ -$%&'()*- )'+=.+)/@ 4<7&$1():nX;2k=1(4(n ; k)2 +5(n ; k) ; 8) = 4(n(n ; 1)(2n ; 1)=6 ; 1)+5(n(n ; 1)=2 ; 1) ; 8(n ; 2)= 4 n3 + O(n2) + O(n2) + O(n) = 4 n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1)33;2 (2(n ; k)2 ; 3(n ; k) ; 5) = 2 n3 + O(n2) (n !*.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8,P Pnk=13n;21) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( k=1 (n ; k) = O(n2) (n ! 1) &7+'-0(8 (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ (2&)&'<+ 7& )'.,&+*2&/)( 7& 7&'@,2.
*&A1& /'-41(): / &7+'-0(@*(,+$+1(@).-2(* &='->&*, 1- 7'(4+,+1(+ /(**+)'(31&8 *-)'(0< 2 )'+6,(-%&1-$:1&*.4(,. .1()-'1<* 7&,&=(+* *+)&,&* 4'-C+1(8 )'+=.+)/@ 34 n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1)*.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 &7+'-0(8 ( 32 n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8.-*+)(*, 3)& ;)& 2&$(3+/)4& &7+'-0(8 4 ,4- / 7&$&4(1&8 '->- *+1:K+, 3+*)'+=.+)/@ ,$@ 7'(4+,+1(@ 7'&(>4&$:1&8 *-)'(0< 2 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&*. 4(,..1()-'1<* 7&,&=(+* *+)&,&* 4'-C+1(8 ( /&47-,-+) 2&$(3+/)4&* &7+'-0(8, 1+&=6&,(*<* ,$@ '+K+1(@ $(1+81&8 /(/)+*< *+)&,&* 4'-C+1(8.% 2.5 , A , A = Q R Qt , ' Q { ', R { *'.6"#& &47-,-+) / ,&2->-)+$:/)4&* )+&'+*< 1.2% %? Q R & 5A &/.C+/)4$@+)/@ &,1(* (> /7&/&=&4, (>-$&A+11<6 7'( &=/.A,+1(( -$%&'()*- 7&/)'&+1(@ QR -'->$&A+1(@ ,$@ *-)'(0<A *+)&,&* 4'-C+1(8. $@ /(**+)'(31<6 *-)'(0 A .,&=1& 7'(*+1@): 4)&'&8/7&/&=.
+8/)4()+$:1&, )-2 2-2 1- K-%+ k k = 1 : : : n ; 2 *< (/7&$:>&4-$(n ; k ; 1 ;$+*+1)-'1<6 4'-C+1(8 Tk+1k+2 : : : Tk+1n ,$@ 7&$.3+1(@ 1.$+4<6.. !!x15. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /471;$+*+1)&4 a(jkk) = 0, a(kjk) = 0, j = k + 2 : : : n , )& *&A+* 6'-1():, 1-7'(*+',cos 'k+1j 1- *+/)+ a(jkk) = 0, - sin 'k+1j { 1- *+/)+ a(kjk) = 0.%!$# "*% 7&/)'&+1(@ &7(/-11&%& 4<K+ '->$&A+1(@ /2$-,<4-+)/@ (> 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8, 1+&=6&,(*<6 ,$@ 7'&4+,+1(@ /-*&%& -$%&'()*-, ( 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8, 1+&=6&,(*<6,$@ 7&/)'&+1(@ *-)'(0< Q . 9&,'&=1<+ 4<2$-,2( =<$( 7'&4+,+1< 7'( &=/.A,+1(( -$%&'()*- 7&/)'&+1(@ QR -'->$&A+1(@ *+)&,&* 4'-C+1(8.15.
$! $"" !" " $!! +x9./): )'+=.+)/@ 7'(4+/)( *-)'(0. A (1+ &=@>-)+$:1& 4+C+/)4+11.L) 2 7&3)()'+.%&$:1&*. 4(,../L,. 1(A+ *< =.,+* 3-/)& 7&$:>&4-):/@ /$+,.LC(*( 5-2)-*(.1. /$( 7& 7'&(>4&$:1&8 *-)'(0+ Uk 2 Mk ('->*+'- k k ) 7&/)'&(): *-)'(0.U 2 Mn ('->*+'- n n ) 7& 5&'*.$+!I0n;kU= 0 U k(1)%,+ In;k 2 Mn;k { +,(1(31-@ *-)'(0- '->*+'- (n;k)(n;k), )& 7'( .*1&A+1((*-)'(0< A 1- *-)'(0. U /$+4- (>*+1@L)/@ )&$:2& 7&/$+,1(+ k /)'&2 *-)'(0<A , - 7'( .*1&A+1(( 1- U /7'-4- (>*+1@L)/@ )&$:2& 7&/$+,1(+ k /)&$=0&4*-)'(0< A .
F)& /$+,.+) (> &7'+,+$+1(@ .*1&A+1(@ *-)'(0.2. /$( *-)'(0- Uk 2 Mk 4 (1) /-*&/&7'@A+11-@, )& *-)'(0- U 2 Mn ,7&$.3+11-@ 4 (1), )-2A+ /-*&/&7'@A+11-@. F)& ,&2->-1& 7'( '-//*&)'+1(( -$%&'()*- *+)&,- &)'-A+1(8, /*. (13.8).3. /$( *-)'(0- Uk 2 Mk 4 (1) .1()-'1-, )& *-)'(0- U 2 Mn , 7&$.3+11-@ 4 (1), )-2A+ .1()-'1-. F)& ,&2->-1& 7'( '-//*&)'+1(( -$%&'()*- *+)&,&)'-A+1(8, /*.
(13.9).x 15.1. "! 5%6&"# %?'=&>1-3(* a1 = (a21 : : : an1)t . &%$-/1& $+**+ 13.9 /.C+/)4.+) 4+2)&' x(1) 2'-41<8; ka1ke1 x(1) = kaa1 ;1 ka1 ke1 k)-2&8, 3)& U (x(1) )a1 = ka1ke1 , %,+ e1 = (1 0 : : : 0) 2 Cn;1 , U (x(1) ) 2 Mn;1 {*-)'(0- &)'-A+1(@. 9&$&A(*Cn ,!U1 = 10 U (x0(1) ) :..(2) !!x15. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /472-2 &)*+3-$&/: 4<K+, *-)'(0- U1 @4$@+)/@ .1()-'1&8."*1&A(* *-)'(0.
A 1- U1 /$+4-, 7&$.3(* *-)'(0. Ab(1) 4(,- (14.1) (7&/2&$:2. 7+'4-@ /)'&2- *-)'(0< A 1+ (>*+1@+)/@). "*1&A(* *-)'(0. Ab(1) 1U1 = U1 /7'-4-, 7&$.3(* *-)'(0. (14.2) (/ .3+)&* )&%&, 3)& 7'( .*1&A+1((/7'-4- 1- U1 7+'4<8 /)&$=+0 *-)'(0< Ab(1) 1+ (>*+1@+)/@).9./): /,+$-1< k ; 1 k = 1 : : : n ; 1 K-%&4 ;)&%& 7'&0+//-, ).+.
*-)'(07'+&='->&4-1- 2 4(,.Y2YkA(k;1) = UiA Ui(3)%,+ A(k;1) (*++) 4(, (14.4),i=ki=2!I0iUi = 0 U (x(i) ) >,+/: Ii 2 Mi { +,(1(31-@ *-)'(0- '->*+'- i i , U (x(i) ) 2 Mn;i { *-)'(0&)'-A+1(@ '->*+'- (n ; i) (n ; i), 7&/)'&+11-@ 7& 4+2)&'.x(i)(i;1)(i;1) (n;i)a;ka11 ke1n;i= (i;1)(i;1) (n;i) 2 C ka1 ; ka1 ke1 k%,+ e(1m) = (1 0 : : : 0) 2 Cm ,i;1) : : : a(i;1) )t 2 Cn;i :a(1i;1) = (a(i+1ini=&>1-3(* 3+'+> a(1k;1) 3-/): 7+'4&%& /)&$=0- 7&,*-)'(0< (a(ijk;1))ij=k:::n ,/*. (14.5).
&%$-/1& $+**+ 13.9 /.C+/)4.+) *-)'(0- &)'-A+1(@U (x(k) ) = I)-2-@, 3)&; 2x(k)(x(k) ) x(k)(k;1) ; ka(k;1) ke(n;k)a11n;k= (1k;1)(k;1) (n;k) 2 C ka1 ; ka1 ke1 k(4)U (x(k) )a(1k;1) = ka(1k;1) ke(1n;k):(5)9&$&A(*!I0kUk = 0 U (x ) :(6)k-2 &)*+3-$&/: 4<K+, *-)'(0- Uk @4$@+)/@ /-*&/&7'@A+11&8 ( .1()-'1&8."*1&A(* *-)'(0. (3) 1- Uk /$+4-, 7&$.3(*Ab(k) = Uk A(k;1) (7)%,+ *-)'(0- Ab(k) (*++) 4(, (14.8) )*+)(*, 3)& 4 (7) 7+'4<+ k /)'&2 . *-)'(0Ab(k) ( A(k;1) /&47-,-L).
'.%(*( /$&4-*(, 7'+&='->&4-1(+ (7) >-2$L3-+)/@ 4.. !!x15. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /473.*1&A+1(( *-)'(0< U (xk ) 2 Mn;k 1- 7&,*-)'(0. (a(ijk;1) )i=k+1:::n j=k:::n *-)'(0< A(k;1) '->*+'- (n ; k) (n ; k + 1) (&/)-$:1-@ 3-/): A(k;1) 4 7'+&='->&4-1(( (7) 1+ .3-/)4.+))."*1&A(* *-)'(0. Ab(k) 1- Uk = Uk /7'-4-, 7&$.3(* (> (14.8) (/ .3+)&* )&%&,3)& 7'( .*1&A+1(( /7'-4- 1- Uk /)&$=0< 1 : : : k *-)'(0< Ab(k) 1+ (>*+1@L)/@)A(k) = Ab(k) Uk = Uk A(k;1) Uk (8)%,+ *-)'(0- A(k) (*++) 4(, (14.10). )*+)(*, 3)& 4 (8) 7+'4<+ k /)&$=0&4 . *-)'(0 A(k) ( Ab(k) /&47-,-L).
'.%(*( /$&4-*(, 7'+&='->&4-1(+ (8) >-2$L3-+)/@4 .*1&A+1(( *-)'(0< U (xk ) 2 Mn;k 1- 7&,*-)'(0. (ab(ijk;1) )i=1:::nj=k+1:::n *-)'(0< Ab(k;1) '->*+'- n (n ; k) (&/)-$:1-@ 3-/): Ab(k;1) 4 7'+&='->&4-1(( (8)1+ .3-/)4.+)).<3(/$+1(@ 7& 5&'*.$-* (4) &/.C+/)4$@L)/@ /$+,.LC(* &='->&*: 41-3-$+4<3(/$@L)/@ 3(/$nXsk =ja(jkk;1) j2(9)j =k+2>-)+* { 4+2)&'ka(1k;1) k =rja(kk+1;1)k j2 + sk :x(k) = (a(kk+1;1)k ; ka(1k;1) k a(kk+2;1)k : : : a(nkk;1) )t 2 Cn;k( +%& 1&'*-q(10)(11)kx(k) k = jx(1k) j2 + sk :(12)x(k) := x(k) =kx(k)k ).+. x(jk) := x(jk) =kx(k)k j = 1 : : : n ; k:(13)+7+': *&A1& 4<3(/$(): (/2&*<8 4+2)&' x(k) :9&/$+ n ; 2 K-%&4 ;)&%& 7'&0+//- ().+. 7+'+6&,- &) *-)'(0 (3), (14.4)2 (8), (14.10)) *-)'(0- 7'(*+) )'+=.+*<8 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1<8 4(, (14.12), %,+R = A(n;2)=Y1i=n;2Ui AnY;2i=1Ui:(14)? "& % 5%? & "*%5%&$A %?' 5 %!*"#! &$! !%'5$< $ %70+1(* )'.,&+*2&/): k -%& K-%- -$%&'()*-, - >-)+* 7'&/.**('.+* 7&$.3+11<+ &0+12( 7& 4/+* k = 1 : : : n ; 2.1.
- 4<3(/$+1(+ *-)'(0< U (xk ) 7& 5&'*.$-* (4) )'+=.+)/@-) n ; k ; 1 .*1&A+1(8 ( n ; k ; 2 /$&A+1(8 ,$@ 4<3(/$+1(@ sk 4 (9)S.. !!x15. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /474=) &,1& .*1&A+1(+, &,1& /$&A+1(+ ( &,1- &7+'-0(@ (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ ,$@4<3(/$+1(@ ka(1k;1) k 4 (10)S4) &,1& 4<3()-1(+ ,$@ 7&/)'&+1(@ 4+2)&'- x(k) 4 (11)S%) &,1& .*1&A+1(+, &,1& /$&A+1(+ ( &,1- &7+'-0(@ (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@ ,$@4<3(/$+1(@ kx(k) k 4 (12)S,) n ; k ,+$+1(8 ,$@ 7&/)'&+1(@ 4+2)&'- x(k) 4 (13)./+%& ,$@ 7&/)'&+1(@ *-)'(0< U (xk ) )'+=.+)/@ (n ; k ; 1) + 1 + 1 + (n ; k) =2(n ; k) + 1 *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6, (n ; k ; 2) + 1 + 1 + 1 = n ; k + 1 -,,()(41<6&7+'-0(8 ( 1 + 1 = 2 &7+'-0(( (>4$+3+1(@ 2&'1@.2.
&*7&1+1)< k + 1 : : : n k -%& /)&$=0- *-)'(0< A(k) , '-41<+ 2&*7&1+1)-*4+2)&'- ka(1k;1) k e(1n;k) , .A+ 4<3(/$+1< 4 (10). )&$=+0 k 4<3(/$@+)/@ 1+ 7&&=C(* 5&'*.$-* (7) ,$@ /&2'-C+1(@ 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8 (.*+1:K+1(@ 4<3(/$()+$:1&8 7&%'+K1&/)(.3. 9&/2&$:2. 4 5&'*.$+ (7) *-)'(0- U (xk ) 2 Mn;k .*1&A-+)/@ 1- 7&,*-)'(0. (a(ijk;1) )i=k+1:::n j=k+1:::n *-)'(0< A(k;1) '->*+'- (n ; k) (n ; k) ( k -8/)&$=+0 *-)'(0< Ab(k) .A+ 4<3(/$+1 4 7.12)+ 2), )& /&%$-/1& $+**+ 13.11 1- ;)&)'+=.+)/@ 2(n ; k)2 + O(n ; k) (n ! 1) .*1&A+1(8 ( /)&$:2& A+ /$&A+1(8.4. 9&/2&$:2.