ku1 (1108607), страница 13
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Uk 4(,- (5) 1-,& 4<3(/$(): 7'&(>4+,+1(+7&,*-)'(0< (qij )i=1:::nj=k:::n '->*+'- n (n ; k + 1) 1- *-)'(0. &)'-A+1(@U (x(k) ) 2 Mn;k+1 '->*+'- (n ; k + 1) (n ; k + 1)).$+,&4-)+$:1&, 7'&(>4+,+1(+ n *-)'(0 &)'-A+1(@ 4 (20) *&A+) =<): 4<3(/$+1& >- Pnk=1(2n(n ; k) + O(n)) = 2nn(n ; 1)=2 + O(n2) = n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1).*1&A+1(8 ( /)&$:2& A+ /$&A+1(8.2. -2 ( 4 7+'4&* /7&/&=+, *-)'(0- R 6'-1()/@ 1- *+/)+ 4+'61+%& )'+.%&$:1(2- *-)'(0< A . $@ 6'-1+1(@ A+ *-)'(0< Q &),+$:1-@ 7-*@): 1+ 4<,+$@+)/@.-*+)(*, 3)& 1- K-%+ k k = 1 : : : n *< (/7&$:>&4-$( *-)'(0.
Uk , 7&$.3-LC.L/@ 4 (7) (> *-)'(0< &)'-A+1(@ U (x(k) ), 2&)&'-@ 4 /4&L &3+'+,: 0+$(2&* &7'+,+$@+)/@ 4+2)&'&* x(k) 2 Cn;k+1 (> (5). 9'( ;)&* 7&/$+ 7'+&='->&4-1(@ (10),).+. 7+'+6&,- &) *-)'(0< (3) 2 *-)'(0+ (11), 4 k -&* /)&$=0+ *-)'(0< A(k) &='->&4-$(/: n ; k 1.$+4<6 ;$+*+1)&4 a(jkk) = 0 j = k + 1 : : : n . 9&;)&*. 4&>*&A1&4*+/)& *-)'(0< Q 4(,- (20) 6'-1(): 1- *+/)+ 1(A1+%& )'+.%&$:1(2- *-)'(0< A 1-=&' 4+2)&'&4 x(k) k = 1 : : : n , >-,-LC(8 *-)'(0< &)'-A+1(@ U (x(k) ).O&'*.$- (14) 7&,/2-><4-+) .,&=1<8 /7&/&= &'%-1(>-0(( )-2&%& 6'-1+1(@: 1K-%+ k x(1k) a(kkk;1) : : : x(nk;) k+1 a(nkk;1) , - ;$+*+1) a(kkk) = ka(1k;1)k 6'-1()/@ 44(,+ (k ; 1)-&8 2&*7&1+1)< ,&7&$1()+$:1&%& 4+2)&'- D .
()&%+ 7&/$+ n K-%&47'&0+//- 1- *+/)+ (/6&,1&8 n n *-)'(0< A ( ,&7&$1()+$:1&%& 4+2)&'- D ,$(1< n =.,+) 1-6&,():/@ /$+,.LC-@ (15&'*-0(@: 4+'61(8 )'+.%&$:1(2 *-)'(0<R : rij = aij i < j i = 1 : : : n j = 2 : : : n , ,(-%&1-$: *-)'(0< R : rii =di i = 1 : : : n , 1-=&' 4+2)&'&4 x(k) k = 1 : : : n x(1k) akk : : : x(nk;) k+1 ank .9'( 4)&'&* /7&/&=+ 6'-1+1(@ *-)'(0< Q 1+ )&$:2& ;2&1&*()/@ n3 @3++27-*@)(, 1& ( ;2&1&*()/@ n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1) .*1&A+1(8 ( )-2&+ A+ 2&$(3+/)4&/$&A+1(8 1- 7&/)'&+1(+ *-)'(0< Q .
)&'&*. /7&/&=. 6'-1+1(@ =$-%&7'(@)/)4.+) )-2A+ )& &=/)&@)+$:/)4&, 3)& '+,2& )'+=.+)/@ >1-): *-)'(0. Q "/-*. 7&/+=+". =<31& )'+=.+)/@ .*+): 4<3(/$@): ++ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ 1- 4+2)&' ( *-)'(0..$@ )&%&, 3)&=< 4<3(/$(): 7'&(>4+,+1(+ *-)'(0< Q 4(,- (20) 1- 1+2&)&'.L *-n)'(0.
B )'+=.+)/@ 4<3(/$(): QB = Q (UiB ). - ;)& 1.A1& n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1)i=1.*1&A+1(8 ( /)&$:2& A+ /$&A+1(8 (/*. 7&,/3+) 2&$(3+/)4- &7+'-0(8 7'( '-//*&)'+1(( 7+'4&%& /7&/&=- 6'-1+1(@, 4 2&)&'&* 5-2)(3+/2( 4<3(/$@$&/: 7'&(>4+,+1(+ *-)'(0< 4(,- (20) ( +,(1(31&8 *-)'(0<).
F)& 2&$(3+/)4& /&47-,-+)/ 2&$(3+/)4&* -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8, 1+&=6&,(*<6 ,$@ 4<3(/$+1(@ 7'&(>4+,+1(@ ,4.6 *-)'(0 Q ( B 7'&(>4&$:1&%& 4(,-. /($. ;)&%& 7&3)( 4/+%,(/7&$:>.+)/@ 4)&'&8 /7&/&= 6'-1+1(@ *-)'(0< Q ... !!x13. # ,61x 13.5. ? "& % 5%? & "*%5%A QR -%6"7A $ %7'.,&+*2&/): -$%&'()*- 7&/)'&+1(@ QR -'->$&A+1(@ /2$-,<4-+)/@ (> 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8, 1+&=6&,(*<6 ,$@ 7'&4+,+1(@ -$%&'()**+)&,- &)'-A+1(8, ( 2&$(3+/)4- -'(5*+)(3+/2(6 &7+'-0(8, 1+&=6&,(*<6 ,$@7&/)'&+1(@ *-)'(0< Q ./$( ,$@ Q (/7&$:>.+)/@ 4)&'&8 /7&/&= 6'-1+1(@, )& ,&7&$1()+$:1<6 ,+8/)4(8 ,$@ ++ 7&/)'&+1(@ 1+ )'+=.+)/@. $+,&4-)+$:1&, 4 ;)&* /$.3-+ ,$@ 7&/)'&+1(@ QR -'->$&A+1(@ 1-,& 4<7&$1(): 23 n3 +O(n2) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6&7+'-0(8 ( )-2&+ A+ 2&$(3+/)4& -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8./$( ,$@ Q (/7&$:>.+)/@ 7+'4<8 /7&/&= 6'-1+1(@, )& 2-2 7&2->-1& 4<K+,$@ ++ 7&/)'&+1(@ ,&7&$1()+$:1& 2 23 n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<*( 32 n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1) -,,()(41<* &7+'-0(@*, 1+&=6&,(*<6 ,$@ 7'&4+,+1(@-$%&'()*- *+)&,- &)'-A+1(8, )'+=.+)/@ n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1) .*1&A+1(8 ( n3 +O(n2) (n ! 1) /$&A+1(8, 4/+%& 35 n3 + O(n2) (n ! 1) *.$:)(7$(2-)(41<6 (/)&$:2& A+ -,,()(41<6 &7+'-0(8.$12343523 671289 : ;<=72 713>?<@5<6> 24>>5271596 ;<4<A2365%$".
-)'(0- B 1-><4-+)/@ *-)'(0+ A , +/$( /.C+/)4.+)1+4<'&A,+11-@ *-)'(0- C )-2-@, 3)& A = C B C ;1 . 2.'/+ -$%+='< ,&2-><4-+)/@, 3)& 7&,&=1<+ *-)'(0< (*+L) &,(1 ( )&) A+1-=&' /&=/)4+11<6 >1-3+1(8.5%$". -)'(0- B 1-><4-+)/@ *-)'(0+ A , +/$(*-)'(0- C 4 &7'+,+$+1(( 4<K+ .1()-'1-@. /($. /4&8/)4- 6 3(/$- &=./$&4$+11&/)( (/*. x3) . .1()-'1& 7&,&=1<6 *-)'(0 3(/$- &=./$&4$+11&/)( /&47-,-L). 9&;)&*. (*+11& 7'+&='->&4-1(+ .1()-'1&%& 7&,&=(@ =.,+) 41&/(): 1-(*+1:K.L 4<3(/$()+$:1.L 7&%'+K1&/):.)*+)(* +C+ &,1& /4&8/)4& .1()-'1&%& 7&,&=(@: +/$( *-)'(0- A /-*&/&7'@A+11-@, )& .1()-'1& 7&,&=1-@ +8 *-)'(0- B )-2A+ /-*&/&7'@A+11-@.
+8/)4()+$:1&, B = (CAC ;1) = (C ;1 )A C = CAC ;1 = B .-//*&)'+11<+ 4<K+ -$%&'()*< '+K+1(@ $(1+81<6 /(/)+* '-=&)-$( +,(1&&='->1<* /7&/&=&*: &1( 7'(4&,($( (/6&,1.L *-)'(0. 2 =&$++ 7'&/)&*. 4(,.()'+.%&$:1&*.) / 7&*&C:L 7'+&='->&4-1(8, /&6'-1@LC(6 '+K+1(+ /(/)+*<S >-)+* '+K+1(+ /(/)+*< / =&$++ 7'&/)&8 *-)'(0+8 1-6&,($&/: 4 @41&* 4(,+. 9./):/)&() >-,-3- 1-8)( /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@ *-)'(0<.
9&7'&=.+* ,+8/)4&4-): 7&)&8 A+ /6+*+: 7'(4+,+* (/6&,1.L *-)'(0. 2 =&$++ 7'&/)&*. 4(,. / 7&*&C:L7'+&='->&4-1(8 7&,&=(@, /&6'-1@LC(6 /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@S >-)+* ,$@ ;)&8=&$++ 7'&/)&8 *-)'(0< )+* ($( (1<* /7&/&=&* 1-8,+* ++ /&=/)4+11<+ >1-3+1(@, 2&)&'<+ /&47-,-L) / /&=/)4+11<*( >1-3+1(@*( (/6&,1&8 *-)'(0<. $@)&%&, 3)&=< 41&/(): *+1:K.L 4<3(/$()+$:1.L 7&%'+K1&/):, =.,+* (/7&$:>&4-): 7'+&='->&4-1(@ .1()-'1&%& 7&,&=(@...
!!x14. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /4629'&/)+8K++ '-//*&)'+1(+ -$%&'()*&4 *+)&,- 4'-C+1(8 ( &)'-A+1(8 7&2-><4-+), 3)& 4(, ;)&8 =&$++ 7'&/)&8 *-)'(0< 1+ *&A+) =<): )'+.%&$:1<*. +8/)4()+$:1&, 7./):, 1-7'(*+', 4 *+)&,+ 4'-C+1(8 7'( .*1&A+1(( 1- *-)'(0.T12 /$+4- ;$+*+1) (2 1) (/6&,1&8 *-)'(0< /)-1&4()/@ '-41<* 1.$L. &%,- 7'(.*1&A+1(( 1- *-)'(0. T12;1 = T12t /7'-4- ;)&) ;$+*+1) *&A+) (>*+1():/@ (7+'+/)-): =<): '-41<* 1.$L.5%$".
-)'(0- A = (aij ) 1-><4-+)/@ ', +/$( aij =0 7'( i > j + 1 j = 1 : : : n ; 2 i = 3 : : : n .2-><4-+)/@, 4/@2.L *-)'(0. *&A1& 7'(4+/)( 2 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&*. 4(,. /7&*&C:L .1()-'1&%& 7&,&=(@.14. $! $"" !" " $!! 'x9./): )'+=.+)/@ 7'(4+/)( 4+C+/)4+11.L *-)'(0.
A 2 7&3)( )'+.%&$:1&*.4(,../L,. 1(A+ *< =.,+* 3-/)& 7&$:>&4-):/@ )+* 5-2)&*, 3)& 7'( .*1&A+1((*-)'(0< A 1- *-)'(0. ;$+*+1)-'1&%& 4'-C+1(@ Tij /$+4- (>*+1@L)/@ )&$:2&/)'&2( i ( j *-)'(0< A , - 7'( .*1&A+1(( 1- Tij /7'-4- (>*+1@L)/@ )&$:2&/)&$=0< i ( j *-)'(0< A .x 14.1. "! 5%6&"# %?'=&>1-3(* a1 = (a21 : : : an1 )t .
&%$-/1& $+**+ 12.3 /.C+/)4.L) n ; 2 *-)'(0T2j = T2j ('2j ) j = 3 : : : n )-2(6, 3)& T2n : : : T24 T23a1 = ka1 k e(1n;1) (7'(3+*>1-3+1(@ .%$&4 '2j j = 3 : : : n &7'+,+$@L)/@ $+**-*( 12.2, 12.3). "*1&A(**-)'(0. A 1- T2n : : : T24 T23 /$+4-, 7&$.3(*0BB kaa11kBB 1(1)bA = T2n : : : T24 T23A = BBB 0.B@ ..0a12a^(1)22a^(1)32...a^(1)n2:::::::::...:::a1na^(1)2na^(1)3n...a^(1)nn1CCCCCC :CCA(1)"*1&A(* *-)'(0. Ab(1) 1- (T2n : : : T24 T23 ) = T23t T24t : : : T2tn /7'-4-, 7&$.3(* (/.3+)&* )&%&, 3)& 7'( .*1&A+1(( /7'-4- 1- T2j j = 3 : : : n 7+'4<8 /)&$=+0.. !!x14. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /463*-)'(0< Ab(1) 1+ (>*+1@+)/@)0BB a11BB ka1 k(1)(1)tttA = Ab T23 T24 : : : T2n = BBB 0.B@ ..0a(1)12a(1)22a(1)32...a(1)n2:::::::::...:::a(1)1na(1)2na(1)3n...a(1)nn1CCCCCC :CCA(2)9./): /,+$-1< k ; 1 k = 1 : : : n ; 1 K-%&4 ;)&%& 7'&0+//-, ).+.
*-)'(07'+&='->&4-1- 2 4(,.A(k;1) =+1Y2 iYi=k j =n0c1312BB a11 c(1)c23BB ka1 k a22(1)(2)BBkaka133BBBBka(2)1 kB(k;1)A=BBBBBBBBBB@=&>1-3(*Tij A:::::::::......k YnYi=2 j =i+1c1k;1c2k;1c3k;1...a(kk;;12)k;1ka(1k;2)kTijt a(1kk;1)a(2kk;1)a(3kk;1)...a(kk;;11)ka(kkk;1)a(kk+1;1)k...a(nkk;1)a(1k;1) = (a(kkk;1) : : : a(nkk;1) )t 2 Rn;k(3):::::::::...:::::::::...:::a(1kn;1)a(2kn;1)a(3kn;1)...a(kk;;11)na(knk;1)a(kk+1;1)n...a(nnk;1)1CCCCCCCCCCCC :CCCCCCCCCA(4)(5){ 3-/): 7+'4&%& /)&$=0- 7&,*-)'(0< (a(ijk;1) )ij=k:::n .
&%$-/1& $+**+ 12.3 /.C+/)4.L) n ; k ; 1 *-)'(0 Tk+1j = Tk+1j2('k+1j ) j = k + 2 : : : n )-2(6,3)&Tk+1n : : : Tk+1k+3Tk+1k+2a(1k;1) = ka(1k;1) k e(1n;k)(6)(>1-3+1(@ .%$&4 'k+1j j = k +2 : : : n &7'+,+$@L)/@ $+**-*( 12.2, 12.3). "*1&A(* *-)'(0. (3) 1- Tk+1n : : : Tk+1k+3Tk+1k+2 /$+4-, 7&$.3(*YAb(k) = Tk+1j A(k;1)k+2j =n..(7) !!x14. ?/ #(% ?$ 43*'#4 /4%,+0c1312BB a11 c(1)c23BB ka1k a22(1)BBka1 k a(2)33BBBBka(2)1 kBBAb(k) = BBBBBBBBBBBB@:::::::::......c1k;1c1kc2k;1c2kc3k;1c3k......a(kk;;12)k;1 ck;1kka(1k;2)k a(kkk;1)ka(1k;1) ka(1kk;+11)a(2kk;+11)a(3kk;+11)...a(kk;;11)k+1a(kkk;+11)ab(kk+1) k+1ab(kk+2) k+1...k)ab(nk+1:::::::::...::::::::::::...:::a(1kn;1)a(2kn;1)a(3kn;1)...a(kk;;11)na(knk;1)ab(kk+1) nab(kk+2) n...ab(nnk;1)641CCCCCCCCCCCCCC :CCCCCCCCCCA(8))*+)(*, 3)& 4 (7) 2-A,-@ (> n ; k ; 1 *-)'(0 ;$+*+1)-'1<6 4'-C+1(8 Tk+1j)-2&4-, 3)& j > k + 1 ( 7&)&*. 4 (7) &1- .*1&A-+)/@ )&$:2& 1- 7&,*-)'(0.(a(ijk;1) )i=k+1:::n j=k:::n *-)'(0< A(k;1) '->*+'- (n ; k) (n ; k + 1) (&/)-$:1-@3-/): A(k;1) 4 7'+&='->&4-1(( (7) 1+ .3-/)4.+))."*1&A(* *-)'(0.
Ab(k) 1- (Tk+1n : : : Tk+1k+2) = Tk+1k+2 : : : Tk+1n /7'-4-,7&$.3(* (> (8) (/ .3+)&* )&%&, 3)& 7'( .*1&A+1(( /7'-4- 1- Tk+1j j = k +2 : : : n /)&$=0< 1 : : : k *-)'(0< Ab(k) 1+ (>*+1@L)/@)nkY+2nYYA(k) = Ab(k)Tkt+1j = Tk+1j A(k;1)Tkt+1j j =nj =k+20a11 c12c13B(1)Bka1k a22 c23BB(2)Bka(1)B1 k a33BBBka(2)1 kBBBA(k) = BBBBBBBBBBBB@:::::::::......j =k+2a(1kk)+1a(2kk)+1a(3kk)+1c1k;1c1kc2k;1c2kc3k;1c3k.........a(kk;;12)k;1 ck;1k a(kk;)1k+1ka(1k;2)k a(kkk;1) a(kkk) +1ka(1k;1) k a(kk+1) k+1a(kk+2) k+1...k)a(nk+1:::::::::...::::::::::::...:::(9)a(1kn)a(2kn)a(3kn)...a(kk;)1na(knk)a(kk+1) na(kk+2) n...a(nnk;1)1CCCCCCCCCCCCCC :CCCCCCCCCCA(10))*+)(*, 3)& 4 (9) 2-A,-@ (> n ; k ; 1 *-)'(0 ;$+*+1)-'1<6 4'-C+1(8Tkt+1j ('k+1j ) = Tk+1j (;'k+1j ) )-2&4-, 3)& j > k + 1 ( 7&)&*.