Резюме Цой Гунвон (англ) (Взаимосвязь стратегий аккультурации и социального капитала южнокорейских мигрантов с их адаптацией в России), страница 2

The bridging social capital of migrants positively relate with the socioculturaladaptation, and the bonding social capital – with psychological adaptation of SouthKorean migrants in Russia.H2. The relationship of the acculturation strategies of South Korean migrants inRussia with their sociocultural and psychological adaptation is mediated by theirindividual social capital (bridging and bonding).H3.

The length of stay is positively related to their preference for the acculturationstrategy “Integration”, to the level of bridging social capital, to the sociocultural andpsychological adaptation.The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the work ofRussian and foreign specialists in the field of sociology, economics, as well as social andcross-cultural psychology. In the process of theoretical analysis of issues related to theproblem of adaptation of migrants, we used the following scientific directions: generaltheoretical and methodological issues of adaptation (V.

Vereshchagin, I. Kalaykov, A.Nalchadjian, M. Romm, G. Tsaregorodtsev and others); systemic approach in psychology(V. Shadrikov, B. Lomov), problems of psychological adaptation of migrants (J. Berry,Z. Aycan, C. Clarkhon, A. Constant, K. Zimmermann, A. Vinokurov, D. Birman, E.Trickett, E. Besvegis, V. Pavlopoulos, E. Nazarova, A. Asmolov, N. Lebedeva, A.Tatarko, Z. Levin, G. Vitkovskaya, V.

Pavlenko, V. Stepanov, A. Susokolov, E. Filippova,V. Gritsenko, G. Soldatova, Y. Galimova) and problems of sociocultural adaptation ofmigrants (J. Berry, S. Bochner, K. Oberg, K. Ward, A. Kennedy, N. Lebedeva, A. Tatarko,7M.Gromyko, N. Minenk, B. Andyusev, O. Shelegina). The research carried out by J.Berry, N. Lebedeva, A. Tatarko, and to draw on the theory of social capital were used thework of P. Bourdieu, J. Jacobs, J. Coleman, G.

Lowry, R. Putnam, F. Fukuyama and otherforeign authors. To investigate the dependence adaptation of migrants on the length oftheir stay in the new conditions of work, we used the following authors were used: A. Gil,V. Vega, N. Rodriguez, H. Myers, C. Mira, T. Flores, L. Garcia-Hernandez.Research Methodology. The final questionnaire used in this study included: amodified methodology for measuring individual social capital (van der Gaag & Snijders,2005); methods for measuring the psychological adaptation of migrants: the scale ofsatisfaction with life (Diener, Emmons, Larson, & Griffin, 1985) and the scale ofpsychological problems assessing anxiety and depression (Berry et al., 2006); method ofmeasuring sociocultural adaptation (Ward & Kennedy, 1999); a methodology formeasuring acculturation strategies from the MIRIPS (Mutual Intercultural Relations inPlural Societies) questionnaire (Sam & Berry, 2006) and an acculturation strategyquestionnaire developed for East Asian migrants (The East Asian Acculturation Measure,EAAM) (Barry, 2001).

As additional, I consider some questions, concerning the lengthof stay in Russia, the average monthly expenses, the socio-demographic and individualcharacteristics of South Korean migrants.Initially, the techniques included in the questionnaire were in Russian and English.Then, using the direct- and back-translation methods, the scales were translated intoKorean with the participation of psychologists, who speaks in English and Korean, afterthat we conducted ten cognitive interviews using the think-aloud method (Ericsson, &Simon, 1980), which allows to understand how the search for the right option and thetranslation process as a whole is going on, and then the information has been modified inaccordance with the goals and objectives of the study. We used the adaptation criteria ofR.

Brislin's methodology - the “blind” translation-back-translation (Brislin, 1976), E.Jones and M. Kay (Jones, & Kay, 1992).The reverse translation method is widely used by researchers (Bracken, & Barona,1991; van de Vijver, & Hambleton, 1996) and can detect various types of translationerrors. Various researchers have stated that the reverse translation method is particularly8useful for checking the semantic equivalence of translation methodologies in differentlanguages used in intercultural studies (Beck & Gable, 2003; Bracken, & Barona, 1991).The advantage of the “think-aloud” method of E.

Jones and M. Kay (Jones, & Kay, 1992)is that it improves the reliability and accuracy of the translated tool, because it providesan opportunity to check the original text during the translation itself (Bracken, & Barona,1991; van de Vijver & Hambleton, 1996; van de Vijver & Leung, 2001).Empirical base of the researchIn the preliminary testing 100 respondents were interviewed.

In the course of themain study, there were interviewed 303 people with different backgrounds living in theRussian Federation. Age of interviewees ranged between 18 and 59, with 45% of whichwere woman, and 55% men. 75% of respondents are students studying in Russianuniversities. Thus, over 400 Korean migrants in Russia (in Moscow) were interviewedduring the whole period of the study.In all age categories, this study was conducted on the Internet. The survey wasconducted in the form of an online survey on Google Forms. The link to the site wasdistributed through social networks like "Facebook", "Kakaotalk" and “Naver.com”.Methods. When processing the data we used the statistical package SPSS 20.0, theprogram AMOS 19.0 and the statistical program R (the lavaan package) (Rosseel, 2012).To determine the internal consistency of the scales we calculated the α-Cronbachcoefficient, carried out the factorial factor analysis, used non-parametric statisticalmethods (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) to reveal the significance of the differences, and hadbeen modeled using the Structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify the relationships.Scientific Significance:1.For the first time, the mediation role of social capital was revealed, using theexample of Korean migrants in Russia, when considering the relations of acculturationstrategies with the psychological and sociocultural adaptation of migrants.2.For the first time, the mediation role of social capital was revealed in therelationship of acculturation strategies with the psychological and socioculturaladaptation of South Korean migrants in Russia.93.For the first time, an attempt was made to build an empirical model thatdescribes the relationship of psychological and sociocultural adaptation withacculturation strategies, bonding and bridging social capital, as well as the length of stayof a migrant in the country (in the example of South Korean migrants in Moscow).4.There were discovered a positive direct links between bridging social capital,psychological and sociocultural adaptation.5.There were identified differences in acculturation strategies, social capitaland the psychological and the sociocultural adaptation of South Korean migrants,depending on the length of their stay in Russia.6.It was shown and proved that the longer a South Korean migrant resides inRussia, the more he is inclined towards the strategy of “Integration” and “Assimilation”,and aggravates the indirect relationship with psychological and sociocultural adaptation.The theoretical implications of a research is that, the data on the connectionbetween acculturation strategies and social capital and the types of adaptation of migrants,will make it possible to contribute to the development of the theory of acculturation takinginto account the specificity of the psychology of representatives of Asian and Eurasiancultures.Reliability of results of research is provided by an extensive theoretical basepresented by the works of foreign and domestic specialists, the use of proven andvalidated and reliable methods, representative sampling, and the use of modern methodsof mathematical statistics.Basic ideas of the dissertation to be defended:1.Acculturation strategies are associated with the psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of South Korean migrants in Russia.

There are positive links betweenthe acculturation strategy of "Integration" and psychological and sociocultural adaptation.The strategy of "Separation" is negatively related only to psychological adaptation. Theacculturation strategy "Assimilation" with the adaptation of South Korean migrants inRussia is not connected.2.Bridging individual social capital of Korean migrants is associated with theirpsychological and sociocultural adaptation. There was observed a positive relationship10between the bridging social capital and the two types of adaptation, considered in thestudy: psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Bonding social capital does not havea significant relationship with any of the types of adaptation types of South Koreanmigrants in Russia that are considered in the study.3.Individual social capital acts as a mediator, mediating the connection of the"Integration" strategy with the psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of SouthKorean migrants in Russia.

"Integration" has an indirect positive effect on psychologicaland sociocultural adaptation; this connection is mediated only by bridging the socialcapital of migrants.4.Duration of stay of South Korean migrants in Russia is positively associatedwith changes in the preference for certain acculturation strategies and the accumulationof bridging social capital. The longer the South Korean migrants live in Russia, the morepreferable are the acculturation strategies "Integration" (to a greater extent) and"Assimilation" (to a lesser extent). In addition, Koreans with a long residence period havea higher level of bridging (outgroup) individual social capital. The length of residence ofKorean migrants in Russia has an indirect positive effect on psychological andsociocultural adaptation (through the acculturation strategy "Integration" and bridgingsocial capital).Approbation and introduction of results.

The main theses of this dissertationwere discussed at:1)the III International Conference "Socio-psychological adaptation of migrantsin modern world " (March 11-12, 2016, Russia, Penza, Penza State University). Topic:Socio-psychological adaptation and acculturation of North Korean immigrants in SouthKorea;2)the XVII April International Academic Conference on Economic and SocialDevelopment (April 19-22, 2016, Russia, Moscow, NRU HSE).