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ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɢɞ1. ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɢɞɢɯ ɷɩɸɪ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɟɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɷɩɸɪ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɟɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ E ,G,Q ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ E ,G,Q ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɢ ɨɬɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ.ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ.ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɪ. ɍɫɢɥɢɹ M , Q, N ɜ ɞɜɭɯɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɪ. ɍɫɢɥɢɹ M , Q, N ɜ ɞɜɭɯɋɈ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɬɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ.l2l1ɋɇ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɬɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ [4, 5].l2l2l12. ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɋɈ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢɨɩɨɪ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɪ ɵ.
1.Ɉɫɚɞɤɚ ɡɚɞɟɥɤɢɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɋɈ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɫɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ2. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ (ɛɟɡɭɫɢɥɢɣ) ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɛɚɥɤɢ.l1l2l12. ɍɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɋɇ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ,ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɨɩɨɪɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ [3, 8].ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɪ ɵ.
Ɉɫɚɞɤɚ ɡɚɞɟɥɤɢ ɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɋɇ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɧɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɡɝɢɛɧɵɯɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 2.3 ɢ 2.4 ɜ [4]).''tɜ ! 0tɧ ! tɜ5.8. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ «ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ» ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ n 0ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɢ n (ɫɦ. ɪɚɡɞɟɥ 2). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ n 0ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɟɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡ107ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ.ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɮɟɪɦɵ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.11.Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ n 0 , ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ «ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ», ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɧɚ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ.ɗɬɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ«ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ«ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ» ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ.Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ n 0ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɭɸɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.1.
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ.2. Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɹɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.3. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨɭɫɢɥɢɟɦ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɷɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɣ.Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɭɫɢɥɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ:3.1. Ȼɟɡ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɨɧɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ, ɚ ɜɫɹɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ (ɩɪɢ n 0 ) – ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ.ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɪ 1. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɮɟɪɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 5.18, ɚ).
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟɤ ɋɈ ɢɥɢ ɋɇ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.23) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɢ: n (nɫ nɨɩ ) 2nɭ (9 3) 2 6 0 . ɗɬɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ108ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɢɢɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɵ.Ɋɢɫ. 5.18ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɮɟɪɦɚ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɚ, ɬ. ɤ. ɜ ɟɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɶɦɹɲɚɪɧɢɪɚɦɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɞɥɹ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɵɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.1. ɂɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɯɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ.2. ɉɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɹɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɮɟɪɦɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɹɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ.3.
Ʉ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɫ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ,ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɚ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɟɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ).ȼɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɷɬɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɮɟɪɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 5.18, ɛ) ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ,ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ, ɧɚɝɪɟɬ ɢ ɞɚɜɢɬ ɧɚ ɭɡɥɵ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧ,ɫɢɥɨɣ N t .ɂɡ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɫɢɥ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɭɡɟɥ 3, ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ N 34 ɢ N 31 (ɪɢɫ. 5.18, ɜ).Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ 1, 2, 4 (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.18, ɜ)ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɡɟɥ 1), ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɮɟɪɦɵ. ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ, ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ: ɜɫɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ ɢ ɜɫɟɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ.ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɟ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ N t ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ. ɉɪɢɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ n 0 ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɢ ɨɧɚ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɚ (ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɮɟɪɦɵ).3.2. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ (ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ). ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɨɫɶ.
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɟ ɧɟ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɧɭɥɸ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɣ.109ȿɫɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ.ɉ ɪ ɢ ɦ ɟ ɪ 2. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɮɟɪɦɭ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.11. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɢ: n 0 .
ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɮɟɪɦɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɚ ɢɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɚ.ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɬ ɧɢɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɪɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨɛɵɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɮɟɪɦ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ 1 ɢ 2 ɪɢɫ. 1.2, ɟ.ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɟ Ƚɇ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ«ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ».1. ɂɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɪɚɜɧɵ ɧɭɥɸ (ɪɢɫ. 5.19, ɚ).Ɋɢɫ.
5.192. əɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɣ ɧɟɬ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɯ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ, ɧɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ.3. ɋɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ n 0 ,ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɋɇ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ (ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ).Ɂɚɞɚɞɢɦɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɟɦ N 6 2 ɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɹ ɭɡɥɵ 6, 4, 2, 1, ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɯ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 1 (ɫɦ. ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɥ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.19, ɛ).ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɥ ɞɥɹ ɭɡɥɚ 1, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɧɟɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɥ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɭɡɟɥ 1 ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɚɧɭɥɸ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɭɡɟɥ 1 ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ. ɗɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ: ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɟ ɭɡɟɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ:ɧɚɲɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɮɟɪɦɭ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟ 2-6 ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ.
