Ответы 9: Текущая аттестация модуль 9

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МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2021г.

текущая аттестация по дисциплине

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

МОДУЛЬ 9

ВАРИАНТ №1

1. Grammar

1) Planning is a monumentally different thing for robots, the way they interact with the world …………so specific.

a) having been; b) being; c) have been

2) Today’s robot is a very complex structure. It has a metal or plastic frame as a skeleton and a variety of actuators ………… muscle power.

a) provided; b) being provided; c) providing

3) The development of robots seems a very modern idea, the principles behind this new technology ……………. thousands of years ago.

a) being known ; b) having known; c) having been known

4) If ……… with several engines, computers and devices for global positioning, the future car will be completely safe.

a) equipped; b) having equipped; c) having been equipped

5) …………. the main problem, the scientist made a report on the results.

a) Solving; b) Having been solved; c) Having solved

6) ………… enough money, he could not buy the car he had been dreaming about.

a) Having; b) Not having; c) Do not having

7) The most common type of existing robotic devices is a robot arm, most often …………in industry and manufacturing.

a) used; b) having used; c) using

8) Cogs and gears are now an essential part of robot technology, even ancient Greeks and Romans ………… them.

a) being used; b) having used; c) using

9) A robot may be defined as a self-controlled device…………of electronic, electrical or mechanical units.

a) consisting; b) consisted; c) having consisted

10) Though ………… several times, the device was not functioning well.

a) checking; b) having checked; c) checked

II. Vocabulary

What is Robotics?

Robotics is an academic discipline of science and technology related to all kinds of robots. A robot is a programmable (1) ________ that imitates the actions or appearance of an intelligent creature, usually a human. (2) ________other artifacts with single functions, robots are expected to perform a variety of tasks, among which communication has an important role. A typical example is a (3)________ robot, the creation of which has been regarded as the final target of robotics for many years. However, no definition of humanoid robots (4) ________ since “robot” itself has no clear definition. From the viewpoint of biology, human beings can be discriminated from other species by three distinctive features or (5) ________. They are biped walking, use instrumentation and language. The first two capabilities have been attacked by robotics (6)________ as challenges in locomotion and manipulation that are the main issues in robotics. The third capability has not been (7) ________ as within robotics but linguistics. However, recent progress of research has (8)________ more conceptual issues such as body scheme, body image, self- consciousness, theory of mind, communication, and the emergence of language. Although these (9)________ have been attacked in the existing disciplines such as brain science, neuroscience, cognitive science, and developmental psychology, robotics may project a new light on understanding these issues by constructing artifacts similar to us. Thus, robotics covers a broad (10) ________ of disciplines.

III.* Translate the text from Russian into English:

Ро́бот (от чешского robot, robota — «подневольный труд») — автоматическое устройство, которое предназначено для осуществления различного рода механических операций и которое действует по заложенной программе. Робот получает информацию о состоянии окружающего пространства при помощи датчиков. Робот может осуществлять производственные операции, частично заменяя труд человека. При этом робот может как иметь связь с оператором, получая от него команды (ручное управление), так и действовать автономно, в соответствии с заложенной программой (автоматическое управление).

МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2021г.

ТЕКУЩАЯ АТТЕСТАЦИЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

МОДУЛЬ 9

ВАРИАНТ №2

1. Grammar

1) Modern hybrid cars ………. both a gasoline engine and an electric motor, 25% fuel economy is achieved.

a) are having b) having c) while having

2) If ………. with sophisticated electronic sensors, a new model of robot will be much more efficient for picking up samples.

a) is equipped b) is being equipped c) equipped

3) ...............to carry out a specific sequence of tasks, production robots started to be widely used in different branches of industry.

a) Having been programmed b) Have been programmed c) Programmed

4) A snake-like robot ............of giant screws and flexible joints that can travel across hard or loose surfaces and worm into tiny spaces such as tubes and tunnels may be key to exploring the interior of Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus.

a) having been made b) made c) having made

5) A 3D-printed robotic hand ............by pressurised water can complete the first level of classic computer game Super Mario Bros in less than 90 seconds.

a) having been controlled b) controlling c) controlled

6) The new model of robot could not enter the dock, its length.......... 120 metres.

a) Having been exceeding b) exceeding c) having exceeding

7) Though ………. long ago, these industrial robots are not applied on a large scale because they need heavy batteries and their range is limited with current technology.

a) developed b) having developed c) been developed

8) Any moving robot is able to do the work, the quantity of kinetic energy .........on its mass and velocity.

a) being depended b) having depending c) depending

9) ...............abundantly in many industrial processes these robots showed a notable example of progress contributing to the development of industry.

a) Having been employed b) Having employed c) Have been employed

10) If........... the robot can be used repeatedly.

a) being desiring b) desired c) desiring

1. Vocabulary

A robot is the product of the robotics field, where programmable machines are built that can (1) ……… humans or repeat human actions. Robots (2) ………. humans in performing repetitive and dangerous tasks which humans prefer not to do, or are unable to do because of size limitations. They come in all shapes and sizes to (3) ……… carry out the task for which they are designed. Humanoid robots are robots that (4) ………. and/or mimic human behavior. Independent robots are capable of (5) ………. tasks completely autonomously and independent of human operator control. Sometimes they can perform actions in any (6) ………. Robots are built to present solutions to a (7) ………. of needs and fulfill several different purposes, and therefore, (8) ……… a lot of specialized components to complete these tasks. Teleoperated robots are semi-autonomous bots that use a wireless network to enable human control (9) ……….. These robots usually work in extreme geographical conditions, weather, circumstances, etc. Scientists hope that diverse (10) ……… of robots will surprise us in near future.

1. a) assist b) persist c) exclude

2. a) run over b) take over c) put over

3. a) greatly b) seriously c) efficiently

4. a) perform b) look like c) act

5. a) taking b) carrying out c) making

6. a) sequence b) line c) sequel

7. a) difference b) variety c) collection

8. a) ask for b) prepare c) require

9. a) remotely b) distant c) remote

10. a) capabilities b) abilities c) components

III.* Render/ Translate the text from Russian into English:

Промы́шленный ро́бот предназначен для выполнения двигательных и управляющих функций в производственном процессе. Робот-манипулятор – это автоматическое устройство, состоящее из манипулятора и программируемого устройства управления, которое формирует действия, задающие требуемые движения органов манипулятора. Он применяется для перемещения предметов и выполнения различных технологических операций. В промышленности наряду с манипуляционными роботами используют также мобильные, информационные, информационно-управляющие, комплексные и другие виды промышленных роботов. Первые промышленные роботы начали создавать в середине 1950-х годов в США. Современные промышленные роботы можно подразделить на следующие три типа: автоматические, биотехнические и интерактивные.

МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2021г.

ТЕКУЩАЯ АТТЕСТАЦИЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

МОДУЛЬ 9

ВАРИАНТ №3

1. Grammar

1) The self-driving cars will allow people to move from one place to another doing what they want while…....... from point A to point B.

a) being transported b) transporting c) having transporting

2) With the model ...........we may start rethinking of the whole process.

a) reconstructed b) been reconstructed c) reconstructing

3) ………. the route the self-driving car switched on the automatic driving.

a) Being chosen b) Having chosen c) Having chose

4) A “robot” is often defined in terms of its capability—it is a machine........... a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer.

a) having carried out b) carrying out c) having carrying out

5) The final capability ........ to realize the body of soft robotic organisms is stiffness change.

a) needed b) needing c) having needed

6) ............ on the technologies that will give us a new generation of robotics, let us now examine how these robots may appear in our lives and how we will interact and live with them.

a) Having touched above b) Touched above c) Having been touched above

7) The other conditions ....... equal, the performance of this new automated machine will be the same.

a) is being b) are c) being

8) All factors ........., we believe that the mechanism is the most likely.

a) considering b) considered c) having considered

9) A vehicle with a sophisticated automated guidance system ………. in our design bureau will start running on the roads in the not so distant future.

a) being developing b) being developed c) having developed

10) These data must be taken into account, the effect of interconnections ...... by no means negligible.

a) been b) having been c) being

1. Vocabulary

The underwater world has attracted people from the earliest times. In Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome there were specially trained divers who could 1______under water, simply holding their breath. But the first 2_____diving suit was invented only in the middle of the 20th century. It was called a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, or SCUBA and was a real 3______. It also provided a lot of 4_______to the divers. Today, the most well-known is recreational diving, which has become a popular entertainment to anybody 5_______he/she has no health restrains, and who has passed a special training course. 6_______common risks associated with diving, such as injuries caused by pressure changes, decompression, loss of body heat, and failure of diving equipment, sometimes scuba diving is referred to extreme sports. SCUBA equipment allows professional divers to perform 7________underwater missions. Some scuba divers prefer to dive in the wrecks of ship and feel the real charm of 8_______underwater world. The challenges of deeper dives and longer 9_______ led to the interest in rebreather diving and soon it became possible to maintain and 10________monitor a breathable gas.

1. A. descend B. ascend C. descendant

2. A. advancement B. advanced C. advancing

3. A. breaking point B. threshold C. breakthrough

4. A. variety B. versatility C. free style

5. A. provide B. proved C. provided

6. A. due to B. because C. since

7. A. accuracy B. accurate C. accordingly

8. A. exploration B. explored C. exploring

9. A. penetrations B. penetrating C. deepening

10. A. accurate B. precisely C. greatly

III.* Render/ Translate the text from Russian into English:

Сервисный робот — это автоматическое устройство, которое помогает людям, выполняя рутинную, удаленную, опасную или повторяющуюся работу, включая работу по дому. Обычно они автономны и/или управляются встроенной системой управления с возможностью ручного управления. Для сервисных роботов степень автономности варьируется от частичной автономии — включая взаимодействие человека и робота — до полной автономии, то есть, без активного вмешательства человека. Сервисные роботы делятся на категории в зависимости от личного или профессионального использования. Они имеют множество форм и структур, а также областей применения. Бытовые роботы выполняют такие задачи как: уборка полов, стрижка газонов и уход за бассейном.

МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2021г.

ТЕКУЩАЯ АТТЕСТАЦИЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

МОДУЛЬ 9

ВАРИАНТ №4

1. Grammar

1) The word ‘robot’ was introduced by Karel Capek in his drama R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), _________in November, 1920.

a) have been published b) publishing c) published

2) Karel maintained an especially close relationship with his brother Josef, a highly successful painter,______________________ with him throughout his adult life.

a) living and working b) had been living and working c) lived and worked

3) While __________flood damage to his family's summer house, Capek contracted a common cold and died.

a) being repaired b) repairing c) repaired

4) For his play Čapek invented the word “robot,”_____ it from the Czech word for forced labour.

a) derive b) deriving c) derived

5) The first living robots,___________ as xenobots, have appeared.

a) knowing b) having known c) known

6)_______________ by the US scientists the first living robots can reproduce themselves.

a) Having created b) Creating c) Created

7) Since the 1990s small electric arms have become important in molecular biology laboratories, precisely ________ intricate sequences of reagents.

a) being handled b) having handled c) handling

8) While _____ with Unimation for GM, Victor Scheinman, designed the first robotic arm used in industry.

a) working b) worked c) being worked

9) _____ PUMA, programmable universal machines for assembly have been used since 1978 to assemble automobile components .

a) Having сalled b) Called c) Calling

10) Carts _______ with a scanning laser, AGV ( Automatic Guided Vehicles ) determine their position by measuring reflections from fixed reflectors.

a) equipping b) having equipped c) being equipped

Vocabulary

The most important of the works from (1) ……….. point of view is definitely the play Rossum’s Universal Robots or R.U.R., published in 1921. First of all, this play is the reason why the word ‘robot’ was invented. Furthermore, it explores different (2) ……… that could arise if artificial life was created. R.U.R. is a science-fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek. "R.U.R." stands for Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti (Rossum's Universal Robots). The play had its world premiere on 2 January 1921 in Hradec Králové it introduced the word "robot" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole. The play begins in a factory that makes (3) ……….. people, called roboti (robots) who humans have created from (4) ……… organic matter. As living creatures of artificial flesh and blood rather than (5) …………, the play's concept of robots diverges from the idea of "robots" as inorganic. Later terminology would call them androids. Robots may be mistaken for (6) ……….. and can think for themselves. Initially happy to work for humans, the robots revolt and cause the (7) ………. of the human race.

The robots described in Čapek's play are not robots in the popularly understood sense of an (8) ……….. They are not mechanical devices, but rather (9) …… biological organisms that may be mistaken for humans. Čapek's robots are living biological beings, but they are still (10) ……….., as opposed to grown or born.

1. A) robotics b) robots c) androids
2. A) points b) issues c) ideas
3. A) artificial b) scientific c) robotic
4. A) synthesize b) synthetic c) synthesis
5. A) machinery b) humanoid c) robotics
6. A) android b) automaton c) humans
7. A) development b) existence c) extinction
8. A) automatics b) automaton c) humanoid
9. A) fiction b) artificial c) scientific
10. A) designed b) developed c) assembled

III.* Render/ Translate the text from Russian into English:

Наноро́боты, или нанобо́ты, — роботы, размером сопоставимые с молекулой (менее 100 нм), обладающие функциями движения, обработки и передачи информации, исполнения программ. Нанороботы, способные к созданию своих копий, называются репликаторами. Такие наномашины обоснованы в 1959 году. В 1986 году Эрик Дрекслер в своей книге ввёл термин «наноробот». Другие определения описывают наноробота как машину, способную точно взаимодействовать с наноразмерными объектами или способной манипулировать объектами в наномасштабе. Кроме слова «наноробот» также используют выражения «нанит» и «наноген», однако, технически правильным термином в контексте серьёзных инженерных исследований все равно остается первый вариант.

МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2021г.

ТЕКУЩАЯ АТТЕСТАЦИЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

МОДУЛЬ 9

ВАРИАНТ №5

1. Grammar

1) Another series of works presents Čapek’s “black utopias,”____ how scientific discoveries and technological progress tempt man into titanic rebellions.

a) having shown b) showing c) shown

2) The secret of creating humanlike machines ___________, the machines dominated the human race and threatened it with extinction.

a) discovering b) discover c) having been discovered

3) The first _______ robots are called xenobots.

a) live b) living c) lived

4) ___________ xenobots, the US scientists say they can reproduce themselves.

a) Having been created b) Created c) Having created

5) Xenobots reproduce in a way____________ in plants and animals.

a) not seen b) not seeing c) having not seen

6) __________ from the stem cells, xenobots are less than a millimeter wide.

a) Forming b) Having formed c) Formed

7) Robotics is the engineering discipline _________ the design, construction, and operation of robots.

a) dealt with b) having dealt with c) dealing with

8) _________ by factory owners robots revolted and ultimately destroyed humanity.

a) Heartlessly exploiting b) Having been heartlessly exploited

c) Having heartlessly exploited

9) Robotic arms continue to be developed and sold around the world, with the automobile industry __________the largest buyer.

a) remaining b) remained c) being remained

10) More advanced computer-controlled electric arms_________ by sensors were developed in the late 1960s and 1970s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and at Stanford University.

a) guided b) guiding c) having guided

1. Vocabulary

R.U.R., in full “Rossum’s Universal Robots”, is a drama in three acts by Karel Čapek, published in 1920 and ____________ (1) in 1921. This play, for which Čapek ______(2) the word robot (derived from the Czech word for forced labour), involves a _________ (3) named Rossum who discovers the secret of creating _________ (4) machines. He establishes a factory to _________ (5) and distribute these mechanisms worldwide. Another scientist decides to make the robots more human, which he does by gradually adding such traits as the _________ (6) to feel pain. Years later, the ______ (7), who were created to serve humans, decided _____ (8) the world. RUR was both captivating and terrifying to audiences. In 1927, it was the first full-length _______ (9) to be aired by the BBC, and later, in 1938, it became the world’s first televised piece of science fiction when a half-hour programme _________ (10) out live on the BBC.

III.* Render/ Translate the text from Russian into English:

Квантовый робот — гипотетическое (hypothetical) квантовое устройство, подвижная квантовая наносистема со встроенным квантовым компьютером и системами взаимодействия с окружающей средой. Первую модель квантового робота была предложена в 1998 году. Квантовые роботы предназначены для того, чтобы изменять или измерять квантовые состояния окружающей среды. В простейших моделях квантовых роботов окружающая среда представляется как квантовая база данных или квантовый регистр. Квантовый робот и его взаимодействие с окружающей средой описывается некоторой последовательностью, сменяющих друг друга вычислений и действий. Вычислительная фаза предназначена для определения следующего действия. Фаза действий предназначена для движения робота и изменения состояния окружающей среды.