Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности Синергия (Психология) Ответы на тесты 1-8, итоговый тест, компетентностный

Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: Why do people react differently in similar situations?

In recent years, … psychology has emerged as an area of study seeking to identify and promote qualities that lead to greater happiness and fulfillment in our lives. These components include positive affect, optimism, and flow.

The DSM-5 now uses … as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation:

When you are examining data to look for trends, the type of intelligence you are using most is:

Read the text below and answer the question: David’s brain was damaged after a car crash. Now David often needs help to reach objects and can’t define how far they are from him, so his wife helps him to get things he wants. Question: What brain area was damaged in the car crash?

In the brain, the visual cortex processes visual information and passes it from lower to higher areas of the brain which is also called ….

Select components that are important for creativity (select 2 correct answers):

… is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.

Personality is thought to be .... Personality is thought to be ....

Read the text below and answer the question: The mental status exam is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate a person s cognitive and emotional functioning. It typically focuses on areas such as mood and affect, attention and concentration, appearance, and other mental processes. Question: Based on this information, which of the following areas would the mental status exam be unlikely to cover?

… is the production of unusual and good responses to problems.

There also appear to be specific … involved with the process of memory, such as epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and acetylcholine.

Read the text below and answer the question: John has problems at school: he can’t analyze books, lectures or films, however, he absorbs all the information and has a magnificent memory. But when he should conduct experiments or make a conclusion about “pitfalls” of different works or motives of other people he gets puzzled. Question: What should John work on developing?

A high level of … may be useful for jobs that require a great deal of interaction with other people, like public relations, teaching, and sales.

According to Freud, our personality develops from a(n) … between two forces: our biological aggressive and pleasure-seeking drives versus our internal (socialized) control over these drives.

In everyday life, generating creative ideas is a sign of creative performance and …’s purpose is to measure this idea generation. Ideation involves idea generation and attribution of value to it; thus, it can be an adequate creativity criterion.

An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ….

… processing, done in the inferior temporal lobe, near the bottom of the brain, deals with shape, depth, color, intensity, and object recognition.

Read the text below and answer the question: Suppose you are walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble, and your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened. Question: What is your interpretation, according to the theory?

Choose three right antithetical traits often present in creative people (Select 3 correct answers):

From a nomothetic point of view, these are considered to describe the psychologically … of any personality adequately.

… proposed the hierarchy of needs.

These statements (“I take control of situations”, “I try to be in charge – to lead others”, “High score: energetic, assertive, cheerful, outgoing, sociable”) describe the following sub-trait:

Imagination is (typically) a … act.

Explicit (declarative) memory has two parts: semantic memory and … memory.

Just about all psychologists believe that all of our long-term memories of things are…

Read the text below and answer the question: Jurors place a lot of weight on eyewitness testimony. Imagine you are an attorney representing a defendant who is accused of robbing a convenience store. Several eyewitnesses have been called to testify against your client. Question: What would you tell the jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony?

Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?

… is a brain-scanning method that scientists use to “decode” activity in the visual cortex to know what a person was looking at in terms of line orientation, position, and even what the object was.

… is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed.

Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of … in dealing with stress.

Read the text below and answer the question:

When we image something visually, it shows up on the …

Multiple Intelligences Theory was developed by …, a Harvard psychologist and former student of Erik Erikson.

The major psychology approaches are the following … (Select 3 correct answers):

Read the text below and answer the question: You and your roommate spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next morning an hour prior to the test. Your roommate asks you to explain why you think this is a good idea. Question: What do you tell her?

Read the text below and answer the question: You are a practicing psychologist who prefers to focus on the individual and emphasize the unique personal experience of human nature. You understand the need for general laws but it’s not something that you pursue in your practice. Question: What is the name of your approach?

… represents information in one brain state after another, and the further along it goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on the retina. It gets more and more abstract. Broadly speaking, from V1, the information takes two paths — one for visual processing and the other for spatial.

… is one way in which people can reset their biological clocks.

The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.

… describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets.

​​​​… refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. It involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.

The following is NOT one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:

Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2 correct answers):

In contrast, … thinking describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem.

The nomothetic approach involves establishing … or generalizations that apply to everyone.

Who first demonstrated semantic encoding?

… thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions.

… intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.

… is not a dimension of job burnout:

According to your reading, nearly … of the adult population in the United States can be classified as obese.

JIFT is a self-report for …

The nomothetic approach typically uses scientific methods such as … and observations to obtain quantitative data. Group averages are statistically analyzed to create predictions about people in general.

Read the text below and answer the question: Ruby is a clever girl, but she has trouble building relationships with other people. Sometimes she hurts others’ feelings and doesn’t understand why they are getting offended. Last month her friend’s (Thomas) uncle died and Ruby didn’t support Thomas and told him he hadn’t even loved his uncle and always talked nasty about him. They quarreled and Ruby didn’t understand why, after all she just had stated facts. Question: What is Ruby’s key obstacle to making new friends and maintaining relationships with existing ones?

Read the text below and answer the question: Sarah wants to be a psychologist. Her parents are against Sarah s decision. They want Sarah to study medicine. Sarah is upset and doesn t know what to do. Question: What should Sarah do?

Choose three wrong antithetical traits often present in creative people:

Read the text below and answer the question: Steve didn’t learn the material during the school year. Now he is sure that on the last night he will be able to learn everything. Question: What do you think?

There are also … processes. It’s easier to see what you expect to see, and the mind is constantly guessing at what will come next, and priming early visual areas to make seeing those things easier to do.

One of the first places image information goes is called visual … one that is located in the back of the brain.

The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with … .

Read the text and answer the question: John is in the seventh grade at school. His parents motivate him with money and gifts. For every good mark John gets money. Question: How can you explain this situation?

The body’s biological clock is located in the ….

… is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain. This process occurs thanks to our five sensory systems: vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

Ochse’s theory was developed in …

The inventors of The NEO Personality Inventory are …

An example of a ‘love and belonging’ level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is …

Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving conducted a series of experiments to find out which of the three types of encoding would give the best memory of … information.

Read the text and answer the question below: Tina loves listening to music, because music inspires her to create new stories through images that she sees in her head at that time. Question: How would you describe the process that is happening to Tina?

… might prove especially helpful using individuals who have rare conditions. For instance, if one wanted to study multiple personality disorder then this approach with individuals diagnosed with multiple personality disorder would be helpful.

The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.

… called them the id, ego, and superego.

Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: What is the essence of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking?

" … affect" refers to one’s propensity to experience positive emotions and interact with others and with life’s challenges in a positive way.

Neurons absorb … (select 2 correct answers):

The concept of mental imagery was developed …

The inventors of The NEO Personality Inventory are …

In … reasoning, empirical observations lead to new ideas:

Creativity is often assessed as a function of one’s ability to engage in … thinking.

… intelligence encompasses the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. Navigating your way home after being detoured onto an unfamiliar route because of road construction would draw upon your fluid intelligence.

… is conceptualized as an enduring state of mind that consists of the capacity to experience pleasure in daily life, as well as the ability to engage one’s skills and talents to enrich one’s life and the lives of others.

… is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.

Match the parts of the sentences:
A. Eating disorders
B. Young women are
C. Research has been carried out to
D. Recent advances in information technology have raised
E. include binge eating.
F. most commonly affected.
G. trace changes in eating patterns.
H. new issues in the field of psychology.

An undergraduate … in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.

Perhaps one of the most influential and well-known figures in psychology’s history was …. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and … in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

This type of processing deals with shape, depth, colour and object recognition:

Physiological needs are …

Safety needs are …

The … approach in psychology seeks general principles and patterns applicable to groups.

‘Psyche’ is a Greek word meaning ….

“V1” is …

… involves the raising of the upper lip, and the bridge of the nose wrinkles. We express it about things that make us sick, not those about which we’re derisive or suspicious.

… was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern psychology.

Arthur Jensen believed that …:

The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ….

When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture exemplifies your … intelligence.

Read the description below and answer the question: This person is extremely bright, often relying more on facts than feelings. They prefer to think in a more logical and analytical way. Question: What is this person’s emotional type?

Read the question below and select one correct answer: How do we cultivate creative thinking?

Match the terms with their descriptions:
A. People who like to learn new things and enjoy new experiences usually score high in …. It includes personality traits like being insightful and imaginative and having a wide variety of interests.
B. People that have a high degree of … are reliable and prompt. Personality traits include being organized, methodic, and thorough.
C. … get their energy from interacting with others, while introverts get their energy from within themselves. This includes the personality traits of energetic, talkative, and assertive.
D. Openness
E. Conscientiousness
F. Extraversion

… was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist. His famous book entitled Principles of Physiological Psychology was published in 1873