Физика-9кл-Перышкин-Гутник-2001-ГДZ (991173), страница 4
Текст из файла (страница 4)
JZaghklv jZkklhygbc ijhc^_gguo ^\mfy \hegZfb hl bklhqgbdh\^hdhgdj_lghclhqdbgZau\Z_lkyjZaghklvxoh^Z^\mo\heg3. < aZ\bkbfhklbhljZaghklboh^Z\hegj_amevlbjmxsb_dhe_[Zgbyeb[hmkbeb\Zxlkyeb[hhkeZ[_\Zxl4. <hegu gZau\Zxlky dh]_j_glgufb _keb hgb bf_xl h^bgZdh\mxqZklhlmb ihklhyggmx\h\j_f_gbjZaghklvnZa5. G_ f_gyxsZyky \h \j_f_gb dZjlbgZ jZkij_^_e_gby \ijhkljZgkl\_fbgbfmfh\b fZdkbfmfh\Zfieblm^j_amevlbjmxsbodhe_[ZgbcgZau\Z_lkybgl_jn_j_gpbhgghcdZjlbghcBgl_jn_j_gpbhggZy dZjlbgZ ihemqZ_lky lhevdh hl dh]_j_glguobklhqgbdh\6. Y\e_gb_keh`_gby\ ijhkljZgkl\_ \heg ijb dhlhjhf ihemqZ_lkyihklhyggh_ \h \j_f_gb jZkij_^_e_gb_ Zfieblm^ j_amevlbjmxsbodhe_[ZgbcgZau\Z_lkybgl_jn_j_gpb_c7. GZ^h ijbdju\ h^gh moh gZdehgylvky \ jZagu_ klhjhgu <aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h ihiZ^_l moh \ h[eZklv bgl_jn_j_gpbhggh]hfZdkbfmfZ beb fbgbfmfZ fu [m^_f khhl\_lkl\_ggh keurZlvmkbe_gb_bebhkeZ[e_gb_]jhfdhklba\mdZ8.
>ey\k_o\b^h\\heg§43.1. >\b`msbfbkywe_dljbq_kdbfbaZjy^Zfb2. <gmlj_ggbfbwe_dljbq_kdbfblhdZfbfZ]gblZ3. FZ]gblgufb ebgbyfb gZau\Zxlky \hh[jZ`Z_fu_ ebgbb \^hevdhlhjuo jZkiheh`bebkv [u fZ]gblgu_ klj_edb ihf_s_ggu_ \fZ]gblgh_ihe_224. Khhl\_lkl\_gghijyfhebg_cghb djb\hebg_cgh5. AZgZijZ\e_gb_fZ]gblghc ebgbb\ dZdhceb[hlhqd_ijbgbfZxlgZijZ\e_gb_ k_\_jgh]h ihexkZ fZ]gblghc klj_edb ihf_s_gghc \wlmlhqdm6.
Q_fkbevg__ihe_l_f]ms_jZkiheh`_gu\ g_ffZ]gblgu_ebgbb7. H gZijZ\e_gbbb \_ebqbg_fZ]gblgh]hihey§44.1. FZ]gblgu_ ebgbb ihehkh\h]h fZ]gblZ \uoh^yl ba k_\_jgh]hihexkZ \oh^yl \ x`guc <gmljb fZ]gblZ hgb gZijZ\e_gu hlx`gh]hihexkZd k_\_jghfmM fZ]gblguoebgbcg_lgbgZqZeZgbdhgpZ hgb eb[h aZfdgmlu eb[h b^ml ba [_kdhg_qghklb \[_kdhg_qghklv Ebgbb ihey ihehkh\h]h fZ]gblZ bkdjb\e_gu Mihexkh\fZ]gblZhgbjZkiheh`_gu[he__]mklhq_f\^Zebhlgbo2.
<hdjm] fZ]gblZ b ijh\h^gbdZ h[jZam_lky g_h^ghjh^gh_fZ]gblgh_ihe_\gmljbkhe_ghb^Z²h^ghjh^gh_3. < h^ghjh^ghf fZ]gblghf ihe_ wlZ kbeZ \ dZ`^hc lhqd_ iheyihklhyggZ b ih fh^mex b ih gZijZ\e_gbx < g_h^ghjh^ghffZ]gblghfihe_hgZ\ jZaguolhqdZoiheyfh`_l[ulvjZaebqghc bihfh^mexb ihgZijZ\e_gbx4. < h^ghjh^ghf fZ]gblghf ihe_ fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb iZjZee_evgu bjZkiheh`_guk h^bgZdh\hc]mklhlhc< g_h^ghjh^ghffZ]gblghfihe_fZ]gblgu_ebgbbbkdjb\e_gub jZkiheh`_guk jZaebqghc]mklhlhc5. Dj_klbdZfbb lhqdZfb1. GZ^h\aylvijh\h^gbdb ijhimklblvihg_fmlhdkgZqZeZ\ h^ghfgZijZ\e_gbbZ aZl_f\ ^jm]hfIjbbaf_g_gbbgZijZ\e_gbylhdZgZijhlb\hiheh`gh_ jy^hf jZkiheh`_ggZy k ijh\h^gbdhf fZ]gblgZyklj_edZih\_jg_lkygZ°LZdbfh[jZahfgZijZ\e_gb_fZ]gblguoebgbck\yaZghk gZijZ\e_gb_flhdZ2. ?keb gZijZ\e_gb_ ihklmiZl_evgh]h ^\b`_gby [mjZ\qbdZkh\iZ^Z_l k gZijZ\e_gb_f lhdZ \ ijh\h^gbd_ lh gZijZ\e_gb_\jZs_gby jmqdb [mjZ\qbdZ kh\iZ^Z_l k gZijZ\e_gb_f ebgbcfZ]gblgh]hiheykha^Zggh]hwlbflhdhf3.
AgZy gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e_gb_ ebgbcfZ]gblgh]h ihey b gZh[hjhl agZy gZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblguo ebgbcfh`ghhij_^_eblvgZijZ\e_gb_lhdZ4. ?keb h[o\Zlblv khe_ghb^ eZ^hgvx ijZ\hc jmdb b gZijZ\blvq_luj_iZevpZihgZijZ\e_gbxlhdZ\ g_flh hlklZ\e_gguc gZ °§45.23[hevrhc iZe_p [m^_l mdZau\Zlv gZijZ\e_gb_ ebgbc fZ]gblgh]hihey\gmljbkhe_ghb^Z5. AgZy gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ \ khe_ghb^_ fh`gh hij_^_eblvgZijZ\e_gb_ ebgbc fZ]gblgh]h ihey \gmljb g_]h b gZh[hjhl agZygZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblguo ebgbc \gmljb khe_ghb^Z fh`ghhij_^_eblvgZijZ\e_gb_lhdZ§46.1. ;_j_lkyijh\h^gbdb ih^\_rb\Z_lkygZ]b[dboijh\h^Zodhlhju_q_j_aj_hklZlih^dexq_gud bklhqgbdmlhdZIjh\h^gbdihf_sZxl\ fZ]gblgh_ ihe_ ih^dh\hh[jZagh]h fZ]gblZ ?keb aZfdgmlv p_ivlhijh\h^gbdk lhdhfijb^_l\ ^\b`_gb_?keb`_fZ]gblm[jZlvbaZfdgmlv p_iv lh k ijh\h^gbdhf ijhbkoh^blv gbq_]h g_ [m^_lLZdbf h[jZahf gZ ijh\h^gbd k lhdhf ihf_s_gguf \ fZ]gblgh_ihe_^_ckl\m_lkbeZ2.
FZ]gblgh_ihe_h[gZjm`b\Z_lkyk\hbf^_ckl\b_fgZijh\h^gbdklhdhf3. GZijZ\e_gb_ wlhc kbeu aZ\bkbl hl gZijZ\e_gby lhdZ \ijh\h^gbd_b gZijZ\e_gbyfZ]gblguoebgbc4. >eyijh\h^gbdZ_kebe_\ZyjmdZjZkiheh`_gZlZdqlh__ q_luj_iZevpZgZijZ\e_guihgZijZ\e_gbxlhdZZ fZ]gblgu_ebgbb\oh^yl\ eZ^hgv i_ji_g^bdmeyjgh d g_c lh hlklZ\e_gguc [hevrhc iZe_pmdZ`_lgZijZ\e_gb_^_ckl\mxs_cgZijh\h^gbdkbeu>ey^\b`ms_ckyaZjy`_gghcqZklbpu_kebe_\ZyjmdZjZkiheh`_gZlZd qlh __ q_luj_ iZevpZ jZkiheh`_gu ijhlb\ gZijZ\e_gby^\b`_gby hljbpZl_evghc qZklbpu ih gZijZ\e_gbx ^\b`_gbyiheh`bl_evghc Z fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb \oh^yl \ eZ^hgvi_ji_g^bdmeyjgh d g_c lh hlklZ\e_gguc [hevrhc iZe_p mdZ`_lgZijZ\e_gb_^_ckl\mxs_cgZwlmqZklbpmkbeu5. AZ gZijZ\e_gb_ lhdZ \h \g_rg_c qZklb p_ib ijbgbfZxlgZijZ\e_gb_^\b`_gbyhliheh`bl_evgh]hihexkZbklhqgbdZlhdZdhljbpZl_evghfm6.
Ih ijZ\bem e_\hc jmdb fh`gh hij_^_eblv gZijZ\e_gb_ kbeu^_ckl\mxs_c gZ ijh\h^gbd k lhdhf \ fZ]gblghf ihe_ bebgZijZ\e_gb_ kbeu ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ aZjy`_ggmx qZklbpm^\b`msmxky \ fZ]gblghf ihe_ LZd`_ ihevamykv wlbf ijZ\behffh`ghhij_^_eblvgZijZ\e_gb_lhdZ\ ijh\h^gbd__kebagZ_fdZdgZijZ\e_gu fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb b kbeZ ^_ckl\mxsZy gZ ijh\h^gbdgZijZ\e_gb_ fZ]gblguo ebgbc _keb agZ_f dZd gZijZ\e_g lhd \ijh\h^gbd_b kbeZ^_ckl\mxsZygZg_]hagZdaZjy^Z^\b`ms_ckyqZklbpu _keb agZ_f dZd gZijZ\e_gu fZ]gblgu_ ebgbb kdhjhklv^\b`_gbyqZklbpub kbeZ^_ckl\mxsZygZg__b l^247. < kemqZ_dh]^ZgZijZ\e_gb_lhdZ\ ijh\h^gbd_eb[hgZijZ\e_gb_kdhjhklbqZklbpukh\iZ^Zxlk gZijZ\e_gb_ffZ]gblghcebgbbbebiZjZee_evgu_c§47.1. FZ]gblgZy bg^mdpby ² wlh \_dlhjgZy nbabq_kdZy \_ebqbgZUoZjZdl_jbamxsZyfZ]gblgh_ihe_HgZh[hagZqZ_lkykbf\hehf < .2. Fh^mev \_dlhjZ fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb hij_^_ey_lky dZdhlghr_gb_ fh^mey kbeu ^_ckl\mxs_c gZ jZkiheh`_gguci_ji_g^bdmeyjghfZ]gblgufebgbyfijh\h^gbdk lhdhfd kbe_lhdZFb _]h^ebg_ B = .Il3.
< kbkl_f_KBLeqblZ_lky©l_keZª4. EbgbyfbfZ]gblghcbg^mdpbbgZau\Zxlkyebgbb dZkZl_evgu_ ddhlhjuf \ dZ`^hc lhqd_ ihey kh\iZ^Zxl k gZijZ\e_gb_f \_dlhjZfZ]gblghcbg^mdpbb5. FZ]gblgh_ ihe_ h^ghjh^gh _keb \h \k_o _]h lhqdZo fZ]gblgZyUbg^mdpby < ihklhyggZ < ijhlb\ghf kemqZ_ fZ]gblgh_ ihe_g_h^ghjh^gh6.
KbeZ^_ckl\mxsZygZfZ]gblgmxklj_edmbeb^\b`msbckyaZjy^\ fZ]gblghf ihe_ [m^_l l_f [hevr_ q_f [hevr_ fh^mev \_dlhjZfZ]gblghcbg^mdpbb\ ^Zgghclhqd_ihey§48.1. FZ]gblgucihlhdijhgbau\Zxsbciehkdbcdhglmj\ fZ]gblghfihe_ aZ\bkbl hl fh^mey \_dlhjZ fZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb iehsZ^bdhglmjZ b hjb_glZpbb dhglmjZ ih hlghr_gbx d gZijZ\e_gbxfZ]gblguoebgbc2. M\_ebqb\Z_lky \ n jZa ihkdhevdm fZ]gblguc ihlhd ijyfhijhihjpbhgZe_gfh^mex\_dlhjZfZ]gblghcbg^mdpbb3. FZ]gblguc ihlhd fZdkbfZe_g _keb iehkdhklv dhglmjZi_ji_g^bdmeyjgZ d gZijZ\e_gbx fZ]gblguo ebgbc b jZ\_g gmex_kebiehkdhklvdhglmjZiZjZee_evgZfZ]gblgufebgbyf4. >Zf_gy_lky§49.1. <k_ hiulu ^_fhgkljbjmxl y\e_gb_ we_dljhfZ]gblghc bg^mdpbbaZdexqZxs__ky \ \hagbdgh\_gb_ lhdZ \ aZfdgmlhf ijh\h^gbd_ ijbbaf_g_gbb fZ]gblgh]h ihlhdZ ijhgbau\Zxs_]h ho\Zq_ggmx25ijh\h^gbdhf iehsZ^v < i_j\hf hiul_ ]Zev\Zghf_lj j_]bkljbjm_lihy\e_gb_ lhdZ \ aZfdgmlhc gZ g_]h dZlmrd_ ijb \klZ\e_gbb \ g__fZ]gblZ <h \lhjhf hiul_ dZlmrdZ \dexq_ggZy \ p_iv bklhqgbdZlhdZ \klZ\ey_lky \h \lhjmx dZlmrdm aZfdgmlmx gZ ]Zev\Zghf_ljIjbaZfudZgbbb jZafudZgbbp_ib]Zev\Zghf_ljkgh\Zj_]bkljbjm_llhd2.
Ijbbaf_g_gbbfZ]gblgh]hihlhdZq_j_adZlmrdm3. Y\e_gb_we_dljhfZ]gblghcbg^mdpbbaZdexqZ_lky\ \hagbdgh\_gbbwe_dljbq_kdh]h lhdZ \ aZfdgmlhf ijh\h^gbd_ ijb baf_g_gbbfZ]gblgh]h ihlhdZ ijhgbau\Zxs_]h ho\Zq_ggmx ijh\h^gbdhfiehsZ^v4. Y\e_gb_ we_dljhfZ]gblghc bg^mdpbb bkihevam_lky \we_dljh]_g_jZlhjZoihemqb\rborbjhdh_jZkijhkljZg_gb_§50.1. We_dljbq_kdbc lhd i_jbh^bq_kdb f_gyxsbcky \h \j_f_gb ihfh^mex b ih gZijZ\e_gbx gZau\Z_lky i_j_f_gguf lhdhfI_j_f_gguc lhd fh`gh ihemqblv _keb \ dZlmrd_ aZfdgmlhc gZ]Zev\Zghf_lj i_jbh^bq_kdb ^\b]Zlv fZ]gbl \\_jo b \gba Ijb wlhfklj_edZ ]Zev\Zghf_ljZ [m^_l i_jbh^bq_kdb hldehgylvky hl gme_\h]hagZq_gby lh \ h^gm klhjhgm lh \ ^jm]mx Wlh [m^_lk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zlv h lhf qlh b fh^mev kbeu bg^mdpbhggh]h lhdZ b_]h gZijZ\e_gb_ i_jbh^bq_kdb f_gyxlky \h \j_f_gb l_ \ dZlmrd_h[jZam_lkyi_j_f_gguclhd2.
< we_dljhk_lyo3. GZy\e_gb_we_dljhfZ]gblghcbg^mdpbb4. =_g_jZlhj khklhbl ba klZlhjZ ² g_ih^\b`ghc qZklb\uihegyxs_cnmgdpbxaZfdgmlh]hdhglmjZjhlhjZ²\jZsZxs_ckyqZklb \uihegyxsbc nmgdpbx fZ]gblZ \ ijhfure_gguo]_g_jZlhjZo bkihevamxlky h[uqgh we_dljhfZ]gblu Ijbgpbi^_ckl\by ]_g_jZlhjZ hkgh\Zg gZ y\e_gbb we_dljhfZ]gblghcbg^mdpbbIjb\jZs_gbbjhlhjZ\g_rg_ckbehcf_gy_lkyfZ]gblgucihlhdijhgbau\ZxsbcklZlhj\ j_amevlZl_q_]h\ g_fbg^mpbjm_lkyi_j_f_gguclhd5.