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ii) an average amount. iii) a lot.f) If something trebles (line 19) in value, it isworth ...i) twice as much.ii) three times as much.iii) four times as much.g) If someone is bust (line 20), they have ...i) made a lot of money.ii) sold their shares in something.iii) lost a lot of money.4 True, false or not mentioned in the lastparagraph of the article?Short sellers ...a) are immoral.b) are useful because they show the real value ofthings.c) were useful in revealing the Enron scandal.d) were useful in revealing other scandals at thetime of the Enron scandal.e) are only able to do to well because people makefalse promises.f) should be banned.g) are like messengers.Over to you 1Go back to the answer you gave in Before you read.Is it the same now that you have read the article?Why? I Why not?Over to you 2Financial authorities ban the short selling of shares insome situations. Should they do this, or should shortselling be allowed at all times?2 Look at paragraphs 2 to 4 and find:a) a noun used before another noun to say thatb)c)d)e)f)g)h)i)something has very little value.an expression meaning that goods are not nearlyas valuable as the price shown.a noun meaning an amount that someone paysfor a particular service.a noun referrin g to someone who buys and sellsthings.an expression meaning that an amount is slightlylower than another amount.an expression to emphasise that someone hasnot sold anything at all.an expression used to talk about finding a way to'lose' something that you no longer want.an adjective describing someone who does nottrust someone else.an expression meaning that someone will benefitfrom a particular situation.3 Which three sentences in the article sum upthe purpose of the story about the handbagsin the context of the whole article?PHOTOCO PIABLE© Pearson Education Limited 2010137UNIT7CulturesTH E PLACE OF ENGLISH�"f"l•..
·· ,l•...t.Before you readWhat is the place of the English language in your country? How manypeople speak it? Who uses it?ReadingRead this article from th e Financial Times and answer the questions.FTe e 0LEVEL OF DI FFICULTYThe difficulties of cross-cultural communicationby William Barnes-imX-ito)>zEnglishhascomparedfrequentlytoLatin,flourished for centuries"5beenspeakers - who have never beenwhichchallenged to acquire the abilityas they think they do.' says thistocontinentalasan35to overcome what may be, byinternational norms.
their personalis.wlanguageltnotAs a first language. English hasamountalready peaked - the number oftonative speakers is growing, but75not nearly as fast as non-nativeo f trust or friendship.speakers. There are many expertsused to be thought i n thewho say that the flllure of Englisha guarantee45who have forgotten how to switchbetween their social personalities.commonmutual comprehension, let aloneis that non-native speakers mayhigh days of the British empireisbe better at using English withthat everything worth knowingcentre of the world shifts east.each other than native speakers.could be known in English. WeGraddol,anappliedsouncerta i n ,astheeconomicNevertheless, its current globalare more likely to feel these daysusc appears as strong as ever.that a language carries with i tChina alone adds 20 million toitcertain cultural baggage, ways ofthe global community of Englishthat native speakers must be bestthinking that cannot be ex pressedat communicating in English.That may not be true.
I n fact ,well in another language.l i nguist and consultant, observes:'Conventjonalwisdomhasnative speakers may be poor atu s i ngsoA man55Engl i sh as an internationallanguage.Whatismore,thewhorunsaspeakersssnativeeveryEnglishhave workeddesignyear.Manyspeakersin Asia w i l lwhonotcompany in Bangkok thinks thatnecessarily accept Mr Graddol'sfore ign-educated Thais often dowarning about the 'native-speakerproblem · ,whileaccept ingnot fit well into his work teams.presence o f native speakers may'They think that because they arehinder communication within agroup of non-native speakers.'fluent in the "global language",they somehow know all thehisideathatcross-culturalcommunication is a tricky thing.A matter of more than justresearchsecrets of the world. ln acquiringlanguage.shows that, whereas intelligibilityan "international" culture.
theyMr138docsaambition. l t i s a language that inDavid30speakingEuropean. who hasyears. They are, he explains . Thais10wo rking in Asia will agree thatmerelyessent ial skill of any manager withfrom its origins. One consequenceoften don ' t communicate as wellworked in Asia for more than 30usagc.
lt is likely that any managersome ways is becoming separated25to'foreign' speakers - may strugg lelingua franca, as it becomes the20clearbecoming a shared resource forrap idly becoming an i nternational15themselvesinternational language, even afterthe collapse of the Roman Empire,much of the g lobe . English10make65Graddolsaysc,ois the most important thing forhave lost some of their cu lt uralnon-nativeyardsticksspeakers,nativeand90consequently© Pearson Education Li m i te d 2010 PHOTOCOPIABLETEXT BANK ... ...
UNIT 71 Look at how the expressions in italic areused. True or false?a) If something flourishes (line 3), it is successful.a) countries that used to belong to the U Kb) A shared resource (line 6) can only be used byb) ways o f thinking that belong to a particularone person.A lingua franca (line 9) is only spoken by a smallnumber of people in one country.The origin (line 1 3) of something is where itcomes from.A native speaker (line 1 6) of a language learns itas their first language.Conventional wisdom (line 19) consists ofopinions that only a few people believe.Someone's presence (line 26) in a place refers tothe fact that they are there.If something hinders (line 27) something else, ithelps it.c)d)e)f)g)h)2 Complete the table with words fromparagraphs 2 and 3, and related words.nounadjective.
. . . . . . . a)conventionpresent.......intelligible. .able.... . . .. . .5 Find two-word expressions in paragraphs 4and 5 that mean the following... ... . ... ... .b). . . .c)........d)e)native.nperson.g). . . . .. . . . .foreignercomprehensible........ .h)3 Now match the adjectives in Exercise 2 totheir meanings.a) understandable (2 expressions)b) usualc) relating to an individuald) referring to someone from a particular placee) not from the speaker's countryf) not absentg) capable4 What is the most important point inparagraphs 1 and 2? Choose the bestsummary.country, group, etc., that might not be helpful inanother country, etc.c) a language spoken all over the worldd) way of judging things in a particular country,group, etc.e) someone from Europe but not the U K orScandinaviaf) the way someone behaves differently dependingon the context6What, according to someone in paragraph 5who manages a team of them, is the problemfor the members of a particular nationalgroup who speak good English?7 Answer these questions using the wordsgiven and information from paragraphs 6 and7 of the article.
(The first one has been donefor you as an example.)Is ...a) the num ber of English speakers rising as fast as itwas? - No, it h«$P.�(l.k�t;l..b) the centre of economic power moving? Yes, it . . . . . . . . . .c) English declining as a world language? No, its . . . . . . .
. . .d) the number of English speakers in China rising? Yes, it . . . . . . . . . .e) David Graddol right about the 'native-speaker'problem? - Not necessarily, but it's truethat . . . . . . . . . .Over to you 1'Non-native speakers may be better at using Englishwith each other than native speakers.' Do you agree?Why? I Why not?Over to you 2How long will it be before English is replaced as theworld's lingua franca? What will replace it? Give yourreasons.a) English is like Latin, as it is now spokeneverywhere and is used as a language ofinternational communication.b) Most people think that native speakers are thebest speakers of English, but this may not betrue when considering English as a language forinternational communication.c) Some native speakers make great allowanceswhen they speak with non-native speakers andare careful to avoid using unusual expressions.PHOTOCOPIABLE© Pearson Education Limited 2010139UNIT7Cult u resLIVI NG A N D WORKI NG A·B.ROAD�".!..'lh'.,-Before you readWould you find it easy to live and work in another country?Why? I Why not?ReadingRead this article from the Financial Times and answer the questions.FTe e 0LEVEL OF DIFFICULTYMoving experiences-1'""by Pauline Harris and S i mon KuperX-1OJ)>z;::;Ioncetravelled around Japanwith a British friend who wasliving there.
Each new Japaneseswithout a credit card, you willwill come and that i t happens tonot exist. To survive. you shoulda lot of people should help youemigrateto find any address in Tokyo? -documentsmade me want to go home. Butpossibly need and hire a relocationsaysagent. especially if your companyof M R Iis paying.
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