new insights into business ocr small (835551), страница 13
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Some words may have two formswith the same spelling.Noun(idea)VerbproduceNoun(person)baAdjectiveC(making a lot)(efficiency)dprogress-e(supporting new ideas)managefgh(relating to senior staff)direct2кWhat suffixes can you add to these words?aDiscussion]idevelopb commitcsustaind employIn groups, discuss these questions.1 What do you think of Patagonia's approach to business?2 Are consumers in your country concerned about the environmental policies ofbusinesses?3 Would you pay more for things produced in an environmentally-friendlymanner? If so, how much more?69u nit sevenLanguage FocusExpressingcontrastLook at the following sentence from the text on page 67.Although thinking and buying green is more expensive, environmentalism is less taxingon the earth in the long run.
(para 6)Join the sentence halves below.12345In spite of the present recession,-----aDespite rising costs,\ bEven though our products are expensive, cAlthough profits are increasing,IdDespite the fact that our supplies4ewere late,we still haven't reached our target,people are still buying them,they are keeping their prices low.we can reach our output deadline,the long-term economic outlookis optimistic.In pairs, underline the expressions of contrast in exercise 1.Which are followed by:a subject + verb?b noun or verb + -ingl►► For more information on expressing contrast, turn to page 167.PracticeJoin the pairs of sentences using an expression of contrast.
Use each expressiononce.Example:Patagonia sales fell in the 90s. Their reputation for high quality didn't decline.In spite of a fall in sales in the 90s, Patagonia’s reputation for high quality didn't decline.1 Young people are concerned about the environment. They can't always affordenvironmentally-friendly products.2 Patagonia makes efforts to convince other companies to use organically-growncotton. Many companies resist because it costs more.3 Pollution is rising in Paris. People still prefer to take their cars to work.4 Many countries organise separate waste collections for glass, paper, metal andplastic. Many others don't.5 Most beauty products carry the label 'against animal testing'.
Some of thecomponents may have been tested on animals.The passiveLook at the following extracts from a Patagonia brochure.A Patagonia saves thousands of gallons of oil by diverting millions of plastic bottles fromlandfills to recycling plants.В For every 3,700 (2-litre) bottles that are recycled, a barrel of oil (42 gallons) is saved.What form is the verb in bold in each sentence?What is the difference in emphasis?►► For more information on the passive, turn to page 167.70Business and the Environment IPractice1 The following extract describes how Patagonia uses recycled plastic bottles tomake material for jackets. Put the verbs in brackets in the passive form tocomplete each stage of the process.P C R F le e c e S to r yBottles1 are broughfc(bring) to the localrecycling centre.SodaBottles toSynchillaFleeceThe plastic( convert)into small pieces and3______________(chop)flakes.The flakes4(melt) and shaped intofine fibers.They 6______________(make) into clothes knownas ‘PCR synchilla clothing’.The recycled fibers(ship) tothe mili.patagoniaRewrite the following sentences using a passive form.
Omit the agent if it isnot important.12345ListeningExample:Patagonia introduced recycled fleece into its range in 1993.Recycled fleece was introduced in 1993.Consumers will buy more and more 'environmentally-friendly' products.Consumers should take plastic bottles to the local recycling centre.Patagonia can make 150 synchilla garments from 3,700 bottles.The company has recently added a new item to the product range.Many companies are developing green-marketing strategies.Skills FocusThe Body Shop International is a highlysuccessful franchise skincare retailer. It isagainst using animals in testing cosmetics,very active in community projects, andparticularly well known for itsinvolvement in environmental causes.Listen to eight customers in aLondon Body Shop branch, and note thereason(s) each customer gives for buyingBody Shop products.71u nit sevenSpeakingConvincing a sponsorLike Patagonia, many companies sponsor, or contribute money towards, eventsor activities to maintain their image or to create a new image.
Sponsorship cancover a whole range of activities including sport, education and localcommunity projects depending on the type of image the company wants toproject. For example, IBM sponsored the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, andCoca-Cola sponsors 151 American college students every year.In pairs, make a list of companies which sponsor activities like thosementioned above. What kind of image does each company want to projectthrough its sponsorship?In groups, choose one of the following projects which need sponsorship.! AYou are m chargS S S X s r S L.-people m» e o r ga „ iM ng” f “ * ™ .V o uceremony in the m l P hntm S’Four town centre Yn11 ЩШте ofsponsorship ® n a v Г T Cdand upkeep of the trees Y o u V ' ^Need'. You,Warnntributions to fundmake regu atservice to olda hot meal delivery ^toWn.anddisabledPagreedtoLocal iou m ah sh have g .
stagw lite articles aP iques m o u n t e d ^ ° " ^Theseawareness of tprofiles of thearticles could feature Pcompanies willing toat the ceremonynS WiU becontributions.4 A TV d o c u m e n ta r yexh ib itio n 0fchhdg JSin^ a«° Ver the world Yo "en'S 3rt fr°™ alll00klng,° ’You are directors of a videocompany. You have beencommissioned to make aprogramme for national TV aboutthe effects of pollution on marinelife in the Pacific, as part of awildlife series. It is also your job tofind a sponsor to finance thesophisticated equipment andspecialised crew members necessaryto make this programme.Choose an international company to approach for sponsorship.
Discuss whatyour project can offer them and prepare the arguments that you will use topersuade them to sponsor your project. Look at the checklist of questionsopposite that a company will ask itself before sponsoring a project. How willyour project satisfy the company with respect to these questions?72Business and the Environment £••Ф###0 Will the project appeal to oar customers?@Does it have a logical link with our company? If not, could one be developed?© Is it unique or one of many similar things on offer?© Will there be other sponsors? If so, are they our competitors?© What kind of media coverage does the project offer? (for example, local press, TV,company name / logo on T-shirts, programmes etc.)© What are the chances of it being successful? (We don’t want negative publicity.)© If our sponsorship is a success, will there be future opportunities to continue ourconnection with the project?Does it present an opportunity to invite our employees or shareholders asobservers or participants?#e© Are any of our customers involved directly or indirectly in this project?Writing1 In the same groups, write a letter to the company asking them to consideryour request for sponsorship.
Use the guidelines below to help you.Dear ..SgSJ"S a u 'spossible inin the project)(in thetTpro^ctlhouM interest the company, ™c^ ingpossible media coverage, customer appeal, etc.)the closing po'V nph. soy hew yon hope the proieetWill be Of interest to the company.)(Closing formalities and signature)Read the other groups' letters. Consider each one as if you were the companydirectors. Which project would you choose and why?738The Stock MarketK0y vocabularA company can raise money on the stock m arket or stock exchange (a marketplace for buying and selling shares) in two different ways.It can issue shares (US stocks), or units of its capital, to institutional investors orthe general public. Different types of shares or equities are available, but the mostcommon are known as ordinary or common shares (US common stock).
Whenan investor buys a share, using the services of a specialist company or broker, he orshe becomes a shareholder (US stockholder) and owns a part of (or has a stakein) a company. Shareholders can make money by receiving dividends, paid as aproportion of a company's annual profits, and when the value of their shares increases.A company can also borrow money from investors by issuing bonds, loans for fixedperiods with fixed interest rates.Securities refers to both shares and bonds. Each year billions of shares and bonds aresold or traded on the world's major stock exchanges.r r * * U'm»vWvvX-w^,№44.>*•№iVvvVuwHtiuyAttSv>\i\iuvAW*>'>W s v r t;iw sCits iWVA \ t \ /ssmssГ о А90Л00* *.) \-ONN%# > \№*•ft*|' 4 “UlScIlr.Л;,,»с o/'CfI" -.,In,,,!Пкц»П1п!, .‘MVf,*■<4\" 14 Щ.1"|Л..
.................1'""'Win ... -■■■-.r„r'■unit I ’rirr<,1ii1 lrчипе,/■r," I lu ll)(:"4IUnI.’ 'Klriu-r",......................./w.....,I"...IиуаЫг h,..L">i>t IbiodThe Stock MarketLead-in1 Many companies are authorised to use the stock exchange to trade theirshares. Every day, the press gives prices and other information about the sharesof these listed companies. Read the following newspaper headlines. In groups,decide whether each one reflects a good or poor performance of the company'sshares on the stock exchange.Example: GENERAL CINEMA SEES $20 MILLION GAINThe shares of this company are doing well since there has been a gain.CDXIRsales improve in second quarterC\ A 3 ° b S(D jNTERNAT|QNAL COMPUTING RISESJJONES AND SHIPMAN PROFITSREACH RECORD HIGH©BelleCosn® eU e C o sm e tic s se e sш f i r s t quarterK E SC ^rScottish and Newcastlereport slight losses©^E£CT WINES HAVETO CELEBRATE-----Simmons and Simmons face disastrousyear as sales continue slide©j2 ^ You will hear Isobel Mendelson talking about investments that she hasmade on the stock market and her reasons for doing so.
Listen to part 1 andcomplete the table.Types of investment^Reasons for investingListen to part 2. How does she check on her shares?You are going to read a text with the headline ‘Europeans Log On ToInvestment Fever’. In pairs, discuss what you think the text is about.Read the text on the next page and see if your ideas were correct.75u nit e ig h tEuropeans Log On ToInvestm ent FeverUS Brokers Start to Target ContinentBy John TagliabueLONDON - Alan English has anaddiction, and he is notashamed to discuss it.s10is202530354076‘I log on every day, sometimes fromthe office, in the morning and in theevening,’ said Mr English, 51, acomputer consultant who is stillhooked* a year and a half after hebegan shopping for stocks over theInternet. ‘Some days I trade four orfive times a day.’Mr English is one of a growingnumber of Europeans with on-lineinvestment fever. There is a stockmarket boom at the moment, and asWeb surfing gains popularity acrossEurope, more and more people arelogging on to shop for financialproducts, and buying and sellingstocks.Compared with the United States,where about 20 percent of all stocktrades are entered from the Internet,the movement in Europe is still in itsinfancy.
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