new insights into business ocr small (835551), страница 10
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The memo usuallyfocuses on one message or piece of information, and often requests action to betaken. It may be sent to a single person or a group of people.There are many different techniques used in memo writing, but several basic rulesshould always be applied:• Since memos are a little less formal than business letters, it is best to use simplelanguage and a neutral tone.• Keep your memo clear. Use short, simple sentences.• A memo should not be any longer than one page. Most people do not have timeto read long memos.• The opening and closing formula can be more direct, and less formal than in aletter.Pharmatec Pharmaceuticals is sending a delegation of executives to Japan for thefirst time to negotiate an important contract, so the executives are going to attend aseries of seminars given by Tomomi Moriwake, a Japanese consultant.Read the memo from the Managing Director to the Human Resources Managerand match the parts of the memo (1-6) with the descriptions (a-f)50International Business StylesPharmatecMemorandum© ~0—---------DATE9th Juneа ю---------TOVincent Mills, Human Resources ManagerFROMPhilip Groves, Managing DirectorSUBJECTSeminars on Japanese culture and management—(D-O-------- ---------Philip(ЮThe trip to Japan has been confirmed for the 15th of next month.
I’ve decided togo ahead with the seminars as we discussed.Could you contact the consultant you mentioned and get back to me about thefollowing:(1 Ю• the topics she covers• short description of each topic• whether you think we should use her services or look for someone else(1 ЮWe haven’t much time, so could you do this a.s.a.p. and also check theavailability of the executives who will be involved in this training.PGa The 'body' of the memo.b A short heading which tells you what the memo is about,c When the memo is sent.d The conclusion of the memo, which often recommends a course of action,e Name of the person to whom the memo is sent.f A brief introduction to the memo giving the most important information.51u nit fiveListening' ^ ! Listen to the Japanese consultant discussing the content of her seminarsand make notes under the following headings.
These notes will help you toorganise the memo which you will be writing.Emphasis on the groupWritingHuman relationshipsJapanese managersWrite the memo from Vincent Mills to the Managing Director.■International Business StylesRole-playGiving and asking for adviceS tu d e n t AYou are a cross-cultural consultant hired by a foreign executive who is going todo business for the first time in your country or a country you know well. Preparesome advice to give your client about business practices. Use these topics to helpyou.Use o f la n g u a g e : addressing / greeting (formal? informal?)N on-verbalc o m m u n ic a tio n : handshaking, gestures and silence?B usinessn e g o tia tio n s :Socialising:punctuality / respecting the agenda?negotiating styles; direct? indirect? When is the rightmoment to mention money?attitudes: gift giving, eating, humour?conversation topics (religion? politics? salaries?)The following structures will help you to answer the questions that your client(Student B) will ask.You should always / never ...I would advise you to ...Don't forget...Never ...Do ...Always ...It is important/ essential to ...It would be a good idea to ...S tu d e n t ВYou are a business person going to negotiate in a foreign country.
As part of thepreparation for your trip, you have arranged to meet a consultant (Student A)who is an expert on the culture of the country. Using the headings below, make alist of questions to ask him / her.Use o f la n g u a g eN on-verbal c o m m u n ic a tio nB usiness n e g o tia tio n sS ocialisingExamples:first name?greetings?business cards?topics to avoid?53Review 1Grammar checkUnderline the correct forms of the words initalics.My name is Alexander Herrbach, I'm a 27-year-oldmechanical engineer and at the moment I 1 am working /have worked for a company in the South of Germanywhere I 2 am / have been since I 3 have left / left Francelast July. Actually I have 4 already / recently spent most ofmy life here in Germany because that is where I5 complete / completed my secondary and universityeducation.Before I 6 have graduated / graduated I went on aEuropean study programme in 7 Britain / British for oneyear. After university I 8 join / joined an Americancompany in Berlin and subsequently I 9 moved / havemoved to France when the headquarters weretransferred there.In my present job my duties10 are including / includesupervising our activities in what we call 'the rest of theworld'.
Basically this 11 means / is meaning that I'mresponsible for giving our representatives there ourcommercial and technical support. It's a new job for meso I'm 12 currently / usually learning exactly what it13 involves / is involving. However, there are many newthings that I'm still n o t14 used to do / used to doing.At present our company 15 is expanding / has expandedits activities outside of its main market, which is Europe,and we 16 develop / are developing our network ofagents, particularly in South Africa and Brazil.I 17 used to think / am used to thinking that it wasenough to speak two foreign languages but I nowrealise that the more languages you speak the betteryou communicate.
That is why I 18 always / sometimestake every opportunity to develop my language skills.In order to prepare for my future as a manager I19 intend / have intended to study for an MBA. In fact myboss 20 has agreed / agrees to give me one day a weekoff work for this.Underline the mistake in each sentence, andcorrect it.1 We have received several applications for theposition; one of the best ones is from a French.Frencfi person2 Credit cards can be used in the checkout.3 The company was founded in Germany and isstill faithful to its Dutch origins.4 Have you received the letter I sent about themistake your company did?5 I'm not very tall, so it's difficult to reach items atthe bottom in the supermarket.6 What did you like most about the last work youdid?547 The position of Marketing Director is below thatof sales assistant.8 The Finn company Nokia is one of the leaders inthe mobile phone sector.9 A well-written covering letter can do thedifference between a successful and anunsuccessful application.10 The Ireland President announced her intentionto encourage foreign investment.3 Complete the sentences below, using the words inthe box to show what changes have occurredbetween last year and this year.
Use each word once.declineraisedgone upreduceddroprisenfellincreasedrisereduction1 Tax last year: 10% Tax this year: 12%The government has ra ise d __________ tax.2 Cars last year: 2 millionCars this year: 1.8 millionThere has been a _________________in carproduction.3 Price last year: $50 Price this year: $35The price of this product has been4 Employees last year: 40Employees this year: 75There has been a ____________________ in thenumber of employees.5 Orders last year: 10 millionOrders this year: 8 millionOrders________________ this year.6 Investment last year: $500,000Investment this year: $650,000The company h a s _______________ _ _investment in new equipment.7 Franchisees last year: 120Franchisees this year: 300The number of franchisees has89108 Budget last year: 100%Budget this year: -25%There has been a _______________ in the budget.9 Franchise fees last year: £30,000Franchise fees this year: £35,000Franchise fees h a v e ________________ .10 Sales per outlet last year: $1,000,000Sales per outlet this year: $850,000There has been a ________________ in sales peroutlet.Review 1 UVocabulary checkComplete the boxes with the words andexpressions from the list below that are mostcommonly associated with each theme.Company StructureRecruitmentselection process was organised at our 9 main office_________________ .
The successful candidate is nowbeing given extensive training in order to help him toadapt to o u r10 company philosophy and style of working3 Complete the extract from the letter ofapplication below, using an expression from A inthe correct form and a preposition from B.ARetailingFranchisingd e p a rtrn e n t s to r eManagementdepartment storeoperation manualorganisation chartcorporate cultureapplicantauthorityinterviewheadquartersfront end feediscountmass marketroyaltyITsubordinateCVsubsidiaryhead-huntermanagement services feerangedecision-makingReplace the words and expressions in italicswith words from exercise 1 which are similar inmeaning, in the correct form.There were hundreds o f 1 people who sent letters ofapplicationmppU rarT .sfor the post of ChiefBuyer in one of our 2 large city centre outlets selling avariety of different products________________ .
OurPersonnel Department couldn't possibly study all the 3documents containing education and employment history_________________which we received. They had tocall on the services of a 4 search firm _______________to help them compile a short list of the most suitablepeople to 5 meet with to talk about their experience andqualifications_________________ . We were looking forsomeone with good communication and organisationalskills. Furthermore this is a position that requiressomeone who is capable of 6 deciding what action totake_________________ and can get 7 the people whowork under him / her________________ to reach theirobjectives.
The job involves monitoring performanceand ensuring that our large 8 variety of products_________________ is always up to date. The finalВtotototototototototobelievecollaborateresultreportbenefitapplyworkbe responsiblebe involvedsucceedfromin (x4)toonfor (x2)withI am writing to 1qppUj fo rthe position ofSenior Computer Programmer.
As you can see in myenclosed curriculum vitae, I already hold the positionof Team Manager where I 2 ________________ threeprogrammers who 3 _________________me directly.As an additional part of my job I have to4 ________________ other Team Managers fromdifferent divisions of the company. I have recently5 ________________ a major research anddevelopment project where my team was asked to6 _______________ a new network application forthe company's accounts department. During thisproject we 7 _________________ solving a number ofcomplex technical problems.
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