English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (810400), страница 104
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I had seen him somewhere.2. She walked ten kilometers that day................ waspretty good for a woman of 68. 3. You can haveeverything.............. you like. 4. I’m sorry. That’s all............. I know. 5. Steve went out with Susan................made Jane very angry. 6. Do you want to know.............I’ve learnt? 7................I’d like is a trip to Turkey. 8.
Hetold me a ll............. he knew. 9 .1will not forget..............you have told me. 10. He was cruel to the poor boy,.............. surprised me at the time.I О Translate into English, using that, what orwhich where necessary.1(B)1. Я слышал, что он уже вернулся в Москву. 2.
Язнаю, что он рассказывал вам. 3. Покажите мне,что вы купили. 4. Он сказал мне, что написал письмо маме. 5. Я рассказал студентам, что я видел вЛондоне. 6. Я уверен, что они вернутся очень скоро. 7. Я знаю, что она написала ему. (2 variants)8. Я хотел бы знать, что вы сказали ему. 9. Я думаю, что завтра будет дождь.II (C)I /(В, С) Tick the sentences in whichconnectives may be omitted ).1. They don’t seem to speak with one another, whichis somehow strange. 2.
Thank you for all that youhave done for me. 3. Are you not glad that we came?4 . 1don’t understand what you are driving at. 5. Wescarcely noticed that it had stopped raining. 6. Therewas a coyness about her very way of pouring out thetea, which Tom quite reveled in. 7. Are you sayingthat you haven’t known about it? 8. I gave hereverything that she could wish for.1.
Я могу догадаться, что ты собираешься сказать. 2. Он сдал экзамен, что сильно удивило егосамого. 3. Я не понимаю, что тебя так рассердило. 4. Они были совершенно равнодушны к тому,что он делал и что он говорил. 5. Это как раз то,чего я не понимаю. 6. Он всегда приходит с цветами, что, конечно, приятно.
7. Я знала, что выпридёте. 8. Я вижу, что тебе не хочется идти туда.9. Секретарь говорит, что он уже ушёл. 10. Тыведь знаешь, что я имею в виду?1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Revision19(С) The following text is incomplete. To improve it and to make the meaning clear, add theinformation given below, in the form of relative clauses (formal style).BRITAIN BEFORE THE ROMANSAbout the year 5000 BC, the waters the English Channel and the North Sea joined together and Britainbecame an island.The human population of the new island at that time was a few hundreds (1).................................................................But at the very tim e (2)............................................................. , a revolution was occurringthousands of miles away in the Near East,(3)............................................................He was learning not merelyto hunt and kill for his food, but to keep the animals(4).............................................................He was learning,387THECOMPOUNDSENTENCEANDTHECOMPLEXSENTENCEtoo, to gather the seeds of the grasses and scatter them about him to growinto the fo o d (5)..........................................................He was learning, in short,to be a farmer.
Men with this new knowledge did not cross the still wideningwaters between Europe and Britain until about 2300 BC. And when theycame they had to keep to the chalky and sandy soils where they could turnthe ground over for their seeds to grow.
So the area (6).......................................................... was very limited.These first settlers on the chalk ridges were men (7)..............................................................They crossed it only if they had to and they crossedit where it was narrowest. But there were others (8)............................................................- men living along the coasts of Spain or Brittany.
Whenthey crossed, it was where the English Channel was wider. The settlementsof these people can be distinguished today by their remarkable burialplaces(9)..............................................................It was about the year 900 BC that a large westward movement of races on the European continentproduced another invasion of Britain, by a p eople(10).............................................................. These were theCelts, and they spoke a language(11)..............................................................(from A History o f England by J. Thorn, R. Lockyer & D.
Smith)The additional information:■ They lived by hunting with roughly made stone instrument.■ This separation of Britain from the continent was taking place.■It was to change for ever the life of man.■ The animals provided food in captivity (неволя).■He wanted to make food.■ They settled on this area.■ To them the sea was a natural barrier.■For them the sea had fewer terrors.■Its roof is a great stone.■ These people are the first to have left on this island something more than material remains.■ The tongues of Ireland, Wales and the Highlands of Scotland are the direct descendants of this language.20(C) Fill in the spaces with an attributive clausereferring to the noun in italics.
First read the story.(Model?) A c o b b le r, who was yo un g a nd ch e e rfu l,lived...A cobbler (баш м ачник)............................... lived in an attic............................... at the top of a high building and madejust enough money every day to keep him alive. But he wasperfectly happy and was always singing with joy, and whenthe d a y ............................. came to an end, he slept soundly.A rich b a n k e r...............................
, lived in a large houseopposite, and was so far from being happy that when thed a y .............................ended, he would not sleep for thinkingof all the m oney............................... and was disturbed earlyin the morning by the c o b b le r.................................One dayhe sent over to the cobbler a present of a hundred pounds..................................At first the cobbler was overjoyed but388THECOMPLEXSENTENCEhe soon began to lose his cheerfulness. He began to be afraid that someone would steal his gold............................... and began to lose his sleep through the fear that someone might come into his room................................. His s o n g s ................................ ceased and at last he felt he could bear it no longer, soseizing the bag of g o ld ...............................
, he went to the b a n k e r.................................and throwing downthe money exclaimed, “Take back the hundred p o u n d s ............................... and leave me my happiness................................. for my happiness is a ll..................................
”2.5 Adverbial ClausesAdverbial clauses refer to a verb, an adjective or anadverb of the main clause in the function of anadverbial modifier. Adverbial clauses are connectedwith the main clause by means of subordinatingconjunctions and connectives. Some conjunctionsare polysemantic and can introduce different typesof adverbial clauses, which may be confusing.Besides, many English conjunctions, prepositions andadverbs are identical in form, which also may createsome difficulties in understanding the meaning of asentence. It is necessary to differentiate them bytheir functions.Prepositions connect phrases to the words they modify:□ A fter the presentation the guests will beable to buy some products.Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses to thewords they modify:□ A fter the presentation is over, the guestswill be able to buy some products.□ Once the performance starts, they will notallow entrance.The adverb, unlike the preposition and conjunction,is a part of the sentence - an adverbial m odifier:□ Once the towns were independent entities.EXERCISEI(B) Define the function of the words in italics.
Translate the sentences into Russian.1. Before you read his answer, tell me about the circumstances. 2. The rope will tighten considerablyafter it has been soaked. 3 . 1was hoping that once I was in the right area, I would get some fresh images.4. No m atter what they teach you once you believe it’s true. 5. If you are wise you will leave before hesees you. 6 . 1know what we shall have for dinner, for I have seen the menu. 7. I haven’t seen him since,not once. 8. For several days we didn’t hear from them. 9.
Don’t make any hasty decisions until Fathercomes home. 10. He didn’t start to read her letter until late that night when the whole family had settledfor the night. 11. She didn’t begin to read before she was seven. 12. Come Tuesday night but not before.2.5.1 Time ClausesWe use time clauses to say when something happens.Time clause are introduced by conjunctions when, after, before, while, till, until, as, since, as soon as, aslong as.NB! The verb in the time clause can be in the present or past tense. We never use a future tense in a timeclause, we use one of the present tenses instead:389THE□□COMPOUNDSENTENCEANDTHECOMPLEXSENTENCEI’ll look after the children while she goes to London.I’ll do it when I’ve finished writing this letter.No commas are used when the time clause follows the main clause, if it proceeds the main clause, it isseparated from it bv a comma:□ When he had finished reading, he looked up.a)When, as, while are used to say that two events happen at the same time (в то время как...).□ We arrived when they were leaving.□ She wept as he told us the story.□ John arrived while we were watching the film.b) When one event happens before or after another event, we use the conjunctions after, as soon as,before, when (как только), as long as (пока, до тех пор, пока...):□ Can I see you before we go, Helen?□ As soon as we get tickets, we ll call you.c) When we want to say that something happens when a situation ends, we use a time clause with till oruntil and a present or past tense:□ We’ll support them till they find work.□ They waited until he had gone.NB! After till/until no negation is used as the conjunctions till and until are negative in meaning.d) A clause introduced by since denotes the starting point of the action (situation) described in the mainclause.
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