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Each word can be used more than once.How is steel made? It’s m a d e ____________ 1removing most of the impurities____________ 2 iron. Why m ust the impurities be removed? They have to berem oved____________ 3make the m etal stronger and less brittle. The iron ischanged into ste e l____________ 4 an oxygen furnace. Here, the iron is heated to avery high tem perature____________ 5remove the impurities. The hightemperature is achieved____________6 blowing oxygen into the molten iron.Photocopiable © Oxford U niversity Press 837 CommunicationStudent AYou work for a sweet-making factory. Your new job is to give tours of your factoryto visitors.
Before taking the visitors on tour, you give them a short presentationabout the m anufacturing process for your top-selling product: the ExplodingBombshells. Last week you interviewed and recorded the Production M anagerabout the m anufacturing process. This is what he said:Step 1 We make the Exploding Bombshells in large rotating pans. We heat the panswith gas flames. We add sugar to the pan, we make a sweet from each grainof sugar.Step 2 The sweet-maker or panner adds liquid sugar to the pan. The liquid sugarsticks to the sugar, it makes a hard shell. The panner repeats this process 100times.Step 3 The panner adds colour and flavour.Step 4 We put the sweets into a polishing pan to give them a final glaze.Step 5 We package the Exploding Bombshells in a bagging machine.
We m easurethe amount of sweets and we place the correct am ount in each bag.Step 6 We heat seal the bags to keep in freshness.Step 7 A conveyor belt carries the bags to the display containers and shipping boxes.Now prepare and give a presentation to your partner as practice before you facethe visitors. Remember that you should use the Passive when giving a presentationabout a m anufacturing process.Start your presentation like this:The Exploding Bombshells are made in large rotating pans.Student BYou work for a cheese-making factory. Your new job is to give tours of your factoryto visitors. Before taking the visitors on tour, you give them a short presentationabout the m anufacturing process for your cheeses. Last week you interviewed andrecorded the Production M anager about the m anufacturing process.
This is whatshe said:Step 1 We collect the milk from local cows, and we inspect and w eigh it.Step 2 Then we transfer the milk into stainless steel silos and we heat it.Step 3 We then pump the milk into enclosed cooking vats and we add bacteria.Step 4 After that the milk forms a m ass which we cut into loaf shapes with knives.Step 5 We drain the loaves of water by pressing them.Step 6 Through the whole process we minimize the handling of the cheese byusing semi-automatic machine operations.Step 7 Finally, we package the cheese in the high-speed computer-controlledpackager.Now prepare and give a presentation to your partner as practice before you facethe visitors. Remember that you should use the Passive when giving a presentationabout a m anufacturing process.Start your presentation like this:The milk is collected from local cows, and it is inspected and weighed.84 Photocopiable © Oxford U niversity Press8 Grammar testComplete the sentences with will, may, might, will not, or might not.
Each word orphrase can be used more than once. Use the words in brackets to help you.1 Cars of the fu tu re ----------------- be safer than today’s cars, (certain)2 Future space travel----------------- discover planets outside our solar system.(possible)3 Solar p ow erprovide some of our energy needs, (certain)But solar powermeet all our needs because the sun doesn’t shineeverywhere all the time, (certain)5 Modern cars have two braking system s because a single braking system----------------- work in an emergency, (possible)6 A lot of land veh icles---------------- have hydrogen or hybrid engines by 2050.(possible)Write questions for the answers, using the words in brackets.
Do not repeat thewords in italics.exam pleStaff will finish work tomorrow at 2 p.m. (When)When will sta ff finish work tomorrow?1 The office computers won't work today because o f a virus. (Why)2 The boss will announce a pay rise next week. (What)3 The heating system will operate using solar power. (How)4 Wind farm s might not provide enough power for us because the wind isn'tstrong here.
(Why)5 Air travel will become more expensive as fuel costs increase. (What)6 Planes won't need so much fuel because they will use more composites and so belighter. (Why)Complete the dialogue with may, might, will, or won’t. Each word can be used morethan once.I think the world’s temperatureyear 2050.________ 1definitely rise by 10 °C by theI disagree.
The tem peratu re____2 rise by 10 °C - that's impossible.But i t ---------------- 3rise by 2 °Cor possibly 3 °C - that’s possible.Well, maybe you’re right. But one thing is certain. O il___________ _4run out inthe next 30 years, because there's very little oil left.That’s not certain at all. There’s plenty of oil left. Wedeeper wells for the oil - th at’s possible. But I’m certain that oilrun out in that time..5have to dig6AI just don’t agree. I think w e ____________ 7have to find alternative solutions.What do you think about solar power? One day w e ____________ 8 drive solarpowered cars.BT h a t---------------- 9 be the answer, especially in Britain; there aren’t enoughdays of sunshine.
I know it’s dangerous but there’s a possibility that nuclearp ow er____________ 10 help.Photocopiable© Uxtora um veibuy n c ^u1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different types of fuel.2 Complete the following table with your group.DisadvantagesAdvantagesPetrolLPGHydrogenKey to symbols on tables:Scale: / / = Excellent/ = Good0 = FairX = Bad(Notes: Efficiency = low fuel consumption; Range = distance travelled afterrefuelling)After you have completed the charts, have a conversation about the implications ofusing these fuels in the future.
You have some extra notes to help you with thediscussion.Student A■■Normal fuelPetrol1CarbonsSmoke0/1Power*/1j Efficiency11/j1 /RangeNotes: Experts believe that there is not much oil left in the world. There is more gasin the world than oil but it is not renewable. The only emission from hydrogen iswater but uses a lot of energy to produce.Student BjCarbonsNormal fuelLPG|/Smoke«X[Power| 0rEfficiency-tRangei\SNotes: Experts believe that there is not much oil left in the world. There is more gasin the world than oil but it is not renewable.
The only emission from hydrogen iswater but uses a lot of energy to produce.Student CAlternative HydrogenfuelCarbonsSmoke////r ■■ 1 'PowerI101Efficiency!✓ii11RangeXNotes: Experts believe that there is not much oil left in the world. There is more gasin the world than oil but it is not renewable. The only emission from hydrogen iswater but uses a lot of energy to produce.86 Photocopiable © Oxford University Press9 Grammar test1 Make the warnings more formal.
Use must be + Past Participle (e.g. done).(Note: only include the agent with by if you think the information is important.)exam pleYou have to wear this white coat in every part of the food processingfactory.This white coat must be worn in every part of thefood processingfactory.1 You need to carry these ear protectors everywhere in the aircraft hangar.2 Specialist technicians should repair the computers.3 Expert technicians should check this engine.4 You m ust leave the wet concrete for several days before walking on it.5 You need to lubricate these gears every day.2 Rewrite the instructions using the words in brackets.exam pleAlways knock on the door before you come in.You___________________________________________________ (must)You must knock on the door before you come in.1 Drivers m ust check the brakes, lights, tyres, and water before a long car journey._____________________________________________________________ (required)2 Apprentices are required to wear overalls in the workshop.A pprentices_____________________________________________ (must / always)3 Report all accidents to your supervisor.All acciden ts_____________________________________________________ (must)4 Never work at a height without a harness and a lifeline.You________________________________________________________ (must / not)5 Always wear a safety helmet in this building site.A safety h elm et__________________________________________________ (must)3 Rewrite the instructions using the word in brackets.exam pleFirst check the guard is on the machine.
Then switch it on. (always)before switching it on.Always check the guard is on the machine before switching it on.1 If you haven’t closed down your program first, don’t switch off your computer,(never)_________________________________ without closing down your program first.2 Only enter this warehouse after you’ve put on this overall and safety helmet,(don't)_________________________without putting on this overall and safety helmet.3 You must not eat or drink at the sam e time as you operate this machinery,(never)__________________________________________while operating this machinery.4 First fasten your safety belt.
Then you can start the car and drive away, (only)__________________________________________ after fastening your safety belt.5 Switch off the power to the video machine. Then you can take off the cover,(always)before taking off the cover.P h O T O C O p id U l9 CommunicationStudent AAccident survey formName of site: Three Valleys ConstructionYear:A Total number of accidents duringyearB Number of injuriesfrom accidentYou are a Safety Inspector. You arecarrying out a survey on safetyprocedures at a construction site.Interview the Site M anager andcomplete this survey form.C Number of deaths from accidentD Total number of observed breaches of safety ruleE Enter number of breaches of each safety rule below1No smoking is permitted anywhere on site.2Hard hats must bew o rn atalltim es.3Safety boots must always be worn on site.4Safety nets must be placed beneath floors with no deck.5Safety harnesses must be worn at heights.6Crane operators must always have an assistant.7Cables must be attached to crane loads.8Crane operator must check that the ground is level.(Note-, a breach of a safety rule m eans breaking a safety rule)Student B3 FINDINGSThese are our main findings about general safety at the T h ree ValleysC o n stru ctio n site.1W e s a w six w o rk e rs w alking around the site w ith o u t safe ty h elm ets.W e note that tw o accid e n ts happened during the year, in w hich tw ow o rk e rs w itho ut h elm ets had se rio u s head injuries.23S afe ty sh o e s w e re also a problem .
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