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Each word can be used more thanonce.1 Aluminium is lightweight and has excellent resistan ce------------corrosion.2 This is why a lot of plane parts are made .----------------- aluminium.3 Carbon-fibre is u s e d ----------------- m aking professional bicycle frames.make footballs because it is highly resistant4 Polyurethane is used ______________impact._a number of metals.5 Cro-moly is an alloy. It is madem anufacturing climbing ropes.6 Kevlar or nylon is u s e d ---------2 Make sentences from the table. Use the direction of the arrows to help you.Polycarbonate is used fo r making sunglasses.Footballs are made of polyurethane.e x a m p l epolycarbonatefootballs■1 compositesosunglassescpolyurethaneplastic & manyfibresc—2 fibreglasso3 sails of sailing boatsc4 bike helmetsc—hulls of sailing boatspolyesterpolycarbonate & polystyrene3 Complete the table about the properties of different materials.This clastic has good resistance to water.PolyurethaneflexibilityKevlar stretches a n d ---------------- 2(return) to its own shape.i \/pr\/ pla<;tirKevlar has excellent elasticity.Titanium has very goodresistance.This plastic resists w ater well.This plastic is very water-resistant.Titaniumcorrosion-3corrosion.7excellent.
"highly5.Polyurethane.8 very9^ T i t a n i u m ---------------- Corrosionvery well.| Polyurethanej (bend) very easily.4 Make pairs of sentences using the words in the tablee x a m p l ePolyurethane has excellent elasticity and weather-resistance. This iswhy it is used fo r making footballs.MaterialPropertiesUsespolyurethaneexcellent elasticity weather-resistaneefootballs1 fibreglasstough, slightly flexiblearrows2 polystyrenegood heat-resistance, lightnessbike helmets (insides)3 polycarbonatetransparent, high scratch-resistance4 titaniumhard, corrosion-resistancesunglasses________ ___ ___ —ship propellerskPhotocopiable © Oxford University Press 774 CommunicationIn your group, discuss the answers to these questions.What materials do you think the different parts of theclimber’s equipm ent are m ade of?What properties do you think the m aterials have? Whyare they useful?Read this extract from a m eeting and correct them istakes in the mem o below.PeterWhat m aterial do you think we should usefor the new helmet?LouiseI think polycarbonate would be best.PeterWhy?LouiseWell, it’s tough and it resists impact.PeterYes, you’re right.
OK, what about the newrope? Should we use nylon for that?LouiseNo, I don’t nylon is appropriate. I think weshould use Kevlar.PeterWhy?LouiseWell, it’s wear-resistant. It’s also fatigueresistant.PeterOK, I agree. Let’s use Kevlar.M emoTo: G eneral M anagerFrom: D esign EngineerDate: 20 M ay 20—Subject: M aterials for new sports productsA s you know, Louise and I held a m eeting to discu ss m aterials for our new sports equipm ent.We decided the following:1 We should use polycarbonate to m ake the new helmet.
This is because the m aterial is lightand im pact-resistant.2 We should use a m ixture of nylon and K evlar for m aking the new rope. This is because itwon't w ear away and will resist fatigue.If you would like to d iscu ss these ideas, p lease let me know.3 Have a m eeting using your group's ideas about the best m aterials for climbingequipment.4 Write a mem o to your m anager explaining the decisions your group m ade in themeeting.r5 Grammar testMatch pairs of actions.a press the alarm button ■then, the cam era takes a pictureb turn the steering wheelclockwiseat the sam e time, the sound onthe radio becomes louderc click on th e ‘save’buttonat the sam e time, it turns thecam shaft in a rotary movementd turn the steering wheelanti-clockwisee the pendulum of the clockoscillatesf4 at the sam e time, the car moves tothe left5 then, the program stores yourdata on the hard diskpush down the camerabutton6 at the sam e time, the springbecomes tighterg the piston moves in areciprocating motion7 then, a loud bell ringsh rotate the volume knobclockwise8 at the sam e time, the car turns tothe rightJoin the pairs of actions from 1 and make sentences using when or as.exam plea+jb+8When you press the alarm button, a loud bell rings.As you turn the steering wheel clockwise, the car turns to theright.3 Complete the sentences with before and after.You m ust put on your helmetyou can enter the building site.You can only enter the s ite ___ you put on your helmet.You must w ash your hands __ you handle chemicals.You can only come into the factory_________you show ID at the Entrance.They m ust be trained to operate the m ach in e____________ they can use it.He can only become an engineerhe completes his degree.4 Look at the diagram of a brake system.
Join each pair of sentences using when or as.exam pleThe foot presses the brake pedal. Immediately after this, the pistonmoves down the m aster cylinder.When the fo o t presses the brake pedal, the piston moves down them aster cylinder.1 The piston moves down the cylinder. At the sam e time, the oil inthe pipe transm its pressure to the brake pad.2 The pressure of the oil pushes the pad against the disc.Immediately after this, the wheel slows down and stops.3 You release the brake pedal. Immediately after this the pistonmoves up the cylinder towards the pedal.4 The piston returns up the cylinder. At the sam e time, it removespressure from the oil in the pipe.5 The pads move away from the disc.
Immediately after this, thewheel is able to move freely.kPhotocopiable © Oxford U niversity Press 795 CommunicationYour group is a team of designers and engineers who specialize in appropriatetechnology for rural villages in developing countries. Your team has designed thissystem for low-cost solar water heating. Discuss the system with your group andmake notes in the table.
Then, with your group, give a brief explanation of howsolar water heater panelthe system works.Name of system: Solar water heating systemPurpose of system:Main components:What the main components do:1IHow the system works:6 Grammar test1 Rewrite each sentence using the Present Simple form of the verb in italics.e x a m p l eThe X-ray device at an airport is used for detecting dangerous itemsinside luggage.The X-ray device at an airport detects dangerous items insideluggage.1 The purpose of the GPS navigation system is to locate your position anywhereon earth. (Begin: The GPS navigation system ...)2 The Rotundus spherical robot is used for patrolling and guarding buildings andsites.3 The Flashcam is used to warn people not to commit a crime.4 The function of dynamic grip recognition is to allow a gun to be used only by itsowner.5 A police officer’s job is to protect the public and to catch criminals.2 Complete the sentences using the words in brackets, making any necessarychanges to their form.1 Anti-viral software is used fo r ____________ (protect) computers.2 The sensors in the Rotundus are used t o ____________ (detect) movementsmoke, heat, and sound.3 A policeman's Kevlar jacket acts as a _____________ (protect) against bullets.4 The purpose of a taser i s(incapacitate) a suspect without injury.5 An X-ray machine is used for6(monitor) passengers’ luggage.Smoke alarm s are used t o _____________ (warn) people about fires.3 Complete the text with as,for, or to.
Each word can be used more than once.On any passenger aeroplane there are several safety devices and items ofequipment which are u s e d ____________ 1protecting the passengers and____________ 2prevent accidents or death during an emergency. For example,every seat has a seat belt. This is u s e d ____________ 3holding the passengerssecure during sudden and violent movement of the plane. There are several doorswhich can be u s e d ____________ 4 emergency exits if necessary. Every planecarries first aid kits. The purpose of this equipment i s ____________ 5allow cabincrew to treat any injury safely. Above every seat is an oxygen mask, which acts____________ 6 a ventilator if the air pressure in the cabin suddenly drops.
Anotherimportant safety item is the lifejacket under every seat. This is designed____________ 7prevent drowning. When the lifejacket is filled with air, it floats inwater and a c ts8 a support for the passenger in the water.]/r\Q/FnPhotocopiable © Oxford U niversity Press 816 CommunicationStudent A1 You are a sales person working ina company which m anufacturessecurity devices. A customerphones you for advice. Ask thecustomer questions about theirproblems, then recommend thebest device.
Use the salescatalogue to help you.2 You are the new head of securityfor a government building. Youhave a series of possible securityproblems, so you phone up acompany that m anufacturessecurity devices. Explain yourproblems to the salesperson, askfor recommendations, andcomplete your notes.Security deviceDetectsTypical applicationsHeat-sensitive fire alarmheatPrevents fires before they start.Optical intruder alarmmotionSenses an intruder in the building.GPS locatorlocationLocates company vans and lorries bysatellite.Device to detectProblemBest deviceTerrorists and criminals use weaponsmade of plastic, normal X-rayscannot detect them.Criminals can steal tasers and usethem against security staff.Intruders can enter our officesbecause they can steal entrypasswords, or even steal ID cards.crtT-Student BYou are a sales person working ina company which m anufacturessecurity devices.
A customerphones you for advice. Ask thecustomer questions about theirproblems, then recommend thebest device. Use the salescatalogue to help you.Security deviceDetectsTypical applicationsDynam icgriptaseruniquehand gripPrevents unauthorised people fromholding it.Super X-ray bag checkplasticDetects plastic weapons andexplosives.Fingerprint ID cardfingerprintsPrevents criminalsfrom using stolenpasswords.2 You are the director of security fora company that stores goods inwarehouses and delivers them bylorry.
You have some securityproblems, so you phone up acompany that m anufacturessecurity devices. Explain yourproblems to the salesperson, askfor recommendations, andcomplete your notes.ProblemIntruders break into warehouses.Then they move around undetected,stay a longtime,and steal goods.Machinery catches fire easily if itoverheats. We need a device to detectheat before a fire starts.We need to trace stolen companylorries.
We also need to keeptrack ofour s ta ff-th e y sometimes use vansfo rtheirow n business.Device to detectBest device82 Photocopiable © Oxford U niversity Press7 Grammar test1 Write a description ofthe process from the notes. Use the Passive form of the verbsin italics and First, Then, Next, Now.First, the plug is inserted into the socket. Then, thescart...e x a m p l eQuick-start guide to yournew TV and DVD playerpush plug into power socketinsert two AAA batteries into remote controlset TV channel to ‘AV’place disc onto doorconnect scart cable between TV andDVD playerswitch on powerpress OPEN/CLOSE button on DVDplayer to open doortouch OPEN/CLOSE button again toclose door2 Write sentences from the information in the table using the Present Passive formofthe verbs.(Note: only include the agent with by if you think the information is important.)ex a mp l esCar components are assembled by robotic machines in modern factories.Metal is shaped using a range o f processes.AgentVerbObjectWhere / When / How / Whyrobotic machinesassemblecar componentsin modern factoriespeopleshapemetalusing a range of processes1 weldersbondsteel platesusing different types of welding2 suction devicesremoveloavesfrom theirtins3 theymouldplastic partsusing extrusion or other processes4 huge saw bladessliceloavesin a high-speed slicing machine5 youfillthe hopperfirst6 theyremoveplastic partsfrom the mould when they are cold3 Change the dialogues into sentences.e x a m p l eA How is plastic loaded into the moulding machine?B They use a hopper.Plastic is loaded into the moulding machine using a hopper.1 A How is the plastic melted?B They use heaters.2 A How is the m elted plastic pushed along the barrel?3 A How is dough m ade to rise?B They use yeast.4 A How are the loaves taken out of their tins?5 A How are the loaves sliced?B They use a ram.B They use suction.B They use giant saw blades.4 Complete the text with to, by, in, orfrom .
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